Hay milk is a traditional dairy product recently launched on the market. It is protected as "traditional specialty guaranteed" (TSG) and subjected to strict regulations. One of the most important ...restrictions is that the cow's feed ration must be free from silage. There is the need for analytical methods that can discriminate milk obtained from a feeding regime including silage. This study proposes two analytical approaches to assess the authenticity of hay milk. Hay milk and milk from cows fed either with maize or grass silage were analyzed by targeted GC-MS for cyclopropane fatty acid (dihydrosterculic acid, DHSA) detection, since this fatty acid is strictly related to the bacterial strains found in silage, and by HPLC-HRMS. The presence of DHSA was correlated to the presence of maize silage in the feed, whereas it was ambiguous with grass silage. HPLC-HRMS analysis resulted in the identification of 14 triacylglycerol biomarkers in milk. With the use of these biomarkers and multivariate statistical analysis, we were able to predict the use of maize and grass silage in the cow's diet with 100% recognition. Our findings suggest that the use of analytical approaches based on HRMS is a viable authentication method for hay milk.
Die Qualität klimakterischer Früchte wie Äpfel hängt in hohem Maße von der richtigen Erntezeit und den geeigneten Lagerbedingungen ab. Darüber hinaus ist bekannt, dass das Mikroklima um Obstbäume das ...Wachstum, die Reifung und die chemische Zusammensetzung von Früchten beeinflusst. Studien über die chemische Zusammensetzung von Äpfeln, die durch die Höhenlage der Obstanlage beeinflusst werden, sind jedoch nur wenige vorhanden, und daher muss das Wissen des Zusammenspiels und des Einflusses dieser Faktoren auf die Qualität von Apfelfrüchten verbessert werden. Das übergeordnete Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war eine bessere Kenntnis der Veränderungen verschiedener Fruchtmerkmale von Äpfeln des Typs „Golden Delicious Klon B“, die aus Anlagen in unterschiedlichen Höhenlagen stammen und in unterschiedlichen Reifegraden geerntet wurden. Darüber hinaus wurde untersucht, ob die Höhenlage unmittelbar nach der ULO-Lagerung und nach sechs Tagen shelf-life einen statistischen Einfluss auf die chemische Zusammensetzung der gelagerten Äpfel hatte. Die Ergebnisse der aktuellen Arbeit tragen zu einem besseren Verständnis der Auswirkungen des Erntedatums und der Höhenlage auf die Fruchtqualität und Lagerfähigkeit des „Golden Delicious-Klons B“ bei.
The quality of climacteric fruits, such as apples, depends to a great extent on the right harvesting time and appropriate storage conditions. Furthermore, it is known that the microclimate ...surrounding fruit trees influences the growth, maturation, and chemical composition of fruits. However, knowledge concerning the chemical composition of apple fruit as affected by orchard elevation is still scarce and thus the understanding of the interplay and influence of these factors on apple fruit quality needs to be improved. The overall goal of the present study was a better understanding of changes in several fruit characteristics of Golden Delicious clone B apples, derived from orchards located at different altitudes and harvested at different stages of maturity. Furthermore, it was investigated whether altitude has a statistical influence on the chemical composition of stored apples immediately after ULO storage and after six days of shelf-life. The results of the current work may lead to a better understanding of the impact of harvest date and orchard elevation on the fruit quality and storability of Golden Delicious clone B.
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