Background: This research aimed to compare individual penalties by gender and weight categories in judo from the Judo World Championships (WC): Budapest—2017, Baku—2018, Tokyo—2019 and Budapest—2021 ...in all individual weight categories for females and males. Methods: Data were collected by notational analysis of 2041 penalty videos for females and 3473 penalty videos for males (total n = 5514). All individual penalties—Shido 1, 2, 3 and Hansoku Make (direct disqualification) were analysed by the Pearson chi-square test at the level of statistical significance of 5%. Results: Significant differences were noted in the assigned individual penalties between individual categories (p < 0.001) in both genders. The significant difference was contributed mainly by the weight category +78 kg with penalties Non-combativity (5.3) and Avoid Grip (−3.4) in females, while in males it impacted by the +100 kg weight category and the Non-combativity (4.2) and Avoid Grip (−4.0) penalties. For females, the most dominant individual penalties were Non-combativity (41.6%), Avoid Grip (16.2%) and False Attack (15.0%), and were Non-combativity (40.3%), Avoid Grip (19.5%) and False Attack (16.4%) for males. The largest number of penalties in females were in −52 kg (16.7%), −57 kg (15.9%) and +78 kg (15.2%) categories, while in males, they were −66 kg (17.2%), −73 kg (16.1%) and −90 kg (15.6%). Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the leading penalties in all weight categories for both genders on WC to be Non-combativity, Avoid Grip and False Attack. Additionally, a new trend in heavyweight athletes with a lower number of penalties is noted. The obtained results indicate the need to pay more attention to working with competitors of all ages and genders on education to implement tactical variants, forms and means to use penalties to athletes’ advantage, especially after a possible rule change and to lower the occurrence of injuries.
Athletes who train in public places in urban and rural areas are just
as attacked and injured by dogs of known owners as they are by
dogs with no owners, in a relatively equal proportion. The largest
...number of bites occurs in the summer, what makes up half of all
bites, just when sports activity is most pronounced. Athletes who
are most often exposed to potential attacks and bites are cyclists, long-distance athletes, marathon runners, recreational athletes, etc. both during training and competitions. Off-road cyclists
are at a significantly higher risk of dog attacks because cycling
takes place off-road, that is, away from urban areas. Dog attacks
can adversely affect the psycho-physical readiness of athletes. In
Bosnia and Herzegovina there have been no cases of injuries to
athletes recorded by competent medical institutions or umbrella
sports associations. It is necessary to work on more efficient administration (registration and recording of attacks and bites of dogs).
It is of utmost importance to educate athletes on dog behaviour, the
reasons for their aggressive behaviour and causal mechanisms of
dog attacks as well as the first aid education, what can have a great
impact on reducing further complications.
Penalties in judo result from negative actions that are not in line with judo combat regulations. The aim of the research was to determine the differences in penalties between winner and non-winner ...competitors in judo. A total of 1799 (men=1133 and women=666) matches with penalties were evaluated during 2017, 2018 and 2019 World Judo Championships. The variables were expressed as proportions and compared with the Chi-Square test with pairwise Z-tests. The ratio of receiving the first and second shido was the same in men and women athletes (p>.05), but it was different for weight categories (p<.05). The ratio of shido penalty was different between winner and non-winner athletes, the ratio of the second shido was lower in winner athletes (p<.05). While the ratio of forbidden action was the same in winner and non-winner athletes (p>.05), the ratio of forbidden actions in the first and second shido differed (p<.05). The difference in the penalty ratios in winner and non-winner athletes, especially the difference in forbidden actions leading to first and second shido may reflect some tactical differences. The results of this research can significantly contribute to the understanding of the significance of judo penalties both in training and in competition, as well as to the further study of judo penalties.
The aim of the study was to analyse the deviations of the body posture and to assess the occurrence of spine deformities. Additionally, Body Mass Index in school children was related to the trend in ...postural deformities for different age groups (5-8 years old, n=112; 9-11 years old, n=205; 12-14 years old, n=212) as part of the project "Spine Lab", granted from the European Commission IPA founds, investigating the importance of public health issues.
Body posture was measured using Contemplas 3D software analyser, based on video image trajectory and BIA weight scale (Tanita BC 420). Overall, 17 variables were assessed, and differences were confirmed using MANOVA analysis.
The results showed that there is a significant difference between age groups for the measured variables (F=9.27; p<0.01; η
=0.26), suggesting a moderate difference across the age span.
The study results showed that there is a negative trend of increasing Body Mass Index within the first and youngest age group. The fact is that the trend of increasing deformity of the shoulder belt has been noted, often inclining towards the formation of milder forms of kyphotic posture. Other forms of deformity that are accentuated in the survey results are the negative trend of increasing pelvic rotation and pelvis rotation which inclines towards the formation of lordotic posture for all three age groups.
Attacks by dogs, primarily stray dogs, are a very common problem faced by both underdeveloped and developed local goverments. The damage caused by attacks from stray dogs has multiple, and often ...long-lasting, harmful consequences for their victims, which are also reflected on members of their families. This manuscript provides a veterinary-epidemiological definition of the concept of dogs, as well as their legal definition in the context of „dangerous things“, and the psychological aspect that is regularly manifested in victims. Analyzing the legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a comparative presentation of the regulations of the EU member states, systematic overviews and answers are given, which are important for the improvement of existing regulations and harmonization of law and jurisprudence.
Attacks by dogs, primarily stray dogs, are a very common problem faced by both underdeveloped and developed local goverments. The damage caused by attacks from stray dogs has multiple, and often long-lasting, harmful consequences for their victims, which are also reflected on members of their families. This manuscript provides a veterinary-epidemiological definition of the concept of dogs, as well as their legal definition in the context of „dangerous things“, and the psychological aspect that is regularly manifested in victims. Analyzing the legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a comparative presentation of the regulations of the EU member states, systematic overviews and answers are given, which are important for the improvement of existing regulations and harmonization of law and jurisprudence.
National boxing championships represent the first step in discovering potential top performing boxers who could achieve good results at higher competition levels. The aim of this research is to ...compare performances of winning and losingelite maleamateur boxers competing in the National Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The sample consists of 48 national level boxers that competed in 24 boxing matches. Forty-six variables were established to define technical and tactical performances during boxing contests. To verify differences between winners and losing elite male amateur boxers we utilizedWilcoxon's test (p < 0.05).Results of the Wilcoxon's test displayed numerous differenceswithin winners and losing boxers in advanced defensive techniques (i.e, ducking to the side); offensive techniques (i.e, Straight punch to head by lead hand, Straight punch to body by lead hand, Straight punch to head by total lead and rear hand, hooks punch to body by lead hand, uppercuts punch to head by rear hand, and uppercuts punch to body by rear hand); applying tactics(i.e defensive fighting technique, and Combined fighting technique); Knock-downs (i.e, knock-down by rear arm hook, total number of knock-downs by lead and rear arm hooks, and total number of knock-downs); and way of winning (win by knock-out, and win on points).Results might help trainers and boxers to develop their technical and tactical performance.
Judo and karate are polystructural acyclic sports, which require development of a great number of human abilities and characteristics. Although both are martial arts, they differ greatly in the ...requirements and quality of performance of individual movements. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the quality of performing movements between karatekas, judokas and non-athletes. The respondents were 60 young people (14.1 - 14.6 years), 20 of which belonged to the group of "judokas", 20 to the group of "karatekas" and 20 to the group of "non-athletes". All individuals were physically and mentally healthy, and were fit to undergo testing. The sample of variables consisted of 7 tests, which belong to the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) method of testing the movement functionality. By using the ANOVA test, in 4 variables showed up statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Group of non-athletes has the lowest values in all tests, especially in deep squat, active straight-leg raise, and rotary stability. Judokas performed the lowest values in the shoulder mobility test. The main conclusions of this paper are that training content should be specific to sports, and sports (in this case martial arts) have a positive effect on the development of the locomotor system, which could be useful for properly perform basic movements which humans use in everyday life.
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