A strategic plan called 'High-Tech Strategy 2020' in the Germany is continued, with an emphasis on scientific technological development which promotes the 'Industry 4.0' reform and modernization of ...production in all industries by introducing digital technologies and depends on a range of new and innovative technological achievements. Technologically advanced countries such as USA, UK, Japan, Sweden and others have also accepted and introduced digital technologies to manufacturing processes with the aim of creating intelligent automation or intelligent factories of future. China is confronted with a rally from ASEAN and Central Asia, which have cheap labor force by lowering export demand from China to the EU and USA, as shown by the 'Global Innovation Index 2015 Report'. The Government of China as a Response to 'Industry 4.0' provides the 'Made in China 2025' strategy, promoting the link between information technology and industrial production by introducing optimization of manufacturing processes, enhancing the innovation capability in the industry including ICT, industrial and service robots, high technology tools, new materials, etc. The results of Implication 'Industry 4.0' are visible in the automotive industry, where China is the first in the world on the application of industrial robots and manufactured automobiles. Implementing the adopted strategy China creates new opportunities for a successful, innovative and creative economy, from 'Great Industrial Economy' to 'Powerful Industrial Economy'.
Digital transformation of the production process or the entire value chain, from component to system and from supplier to customer, is the key to hidden value that can contribute to the company's ...productivity, compliance, profitability, and quality of the finished product. Connected production processes in the company are realized by converging information technology (IT) and operational technology into a single one, which results in the introduction of flexible industrial automation of production processes. These technologies connect the physical and virtual worlds with the Internet of Things (IoT) in order to better collect and analyze data, turning it into information that reach the decision-makers. All of the above cannot be achieved without the implementation of smart sensors that provide information at all times. Industry 4.0 can be implemented in production processes only by using smart sensors, and they, along with other technologies, are responsible for fully flexible automation of production processes, which brings a number of advantages such as shortening product development time and reducing manufacturing costs. The application of smart sensors makes production processes more efficient, and we have the ability to optimize them. The paper presents the basics of smart sensors, their role in Industry 4.0 as well as examples of their implementation in production processes.
Digital transformation of the production process or the entire value chain, from component to system and from supplier to customer, is the key to hidden value that can contribute to the company's ...productivity, compliance, profitability, and quality of the finished product. Connected production processes in the company are realized by converging information technology (IT) and operational technology into a single one, which results in the introduction of flexible industrial automation of production processes. These technologies connect the physical and virtual worlds with the Internet of Things (IoT) in order to better collect and analyze data, turning it into information that reach the decision-makers. All of the above cannot be achieved without the implementation of smart sensors that provide information at all times. Industry 4.0 can be implemented in production processes only by using smart sensors, and they, along with other technologies, are responsible for fully flexible automation of production processes, which brings a number of advantages such as shortening product development time and reducing manufacturing costs. The application of smart sensors makes production processes more efficient, and we have the ability to optimize them. The paper presents the basics of smart sensors, their role in Industry 4.0 as well as examples of their implementation in production processes.
It is well-known that, in the past decades, the burning of fossil fuels was identified as the major cause of climate change. Climate change mitigation is becoming a central concern of global society. ...Limiting global warming to below 2 °C above the temperature of the pre-industrial period is the key to preserving global ecosystems and providing a secure basis for human activities, as well as reducing excessive environmental change. The ambitions increased at an accelerated pace with a dramatic expansion of net zero-emission targets. Increasing pressure from citizens and society has forced countries to intensify their climate plans, while the private sector has bought a record amount of renewable energy. An energy system based on fossil fuels must be replaced by renewable energy with low carbon emissions with improved energy efficiency. That applies to all consumers of fossil energy: cities, villages, building sectors, industry, transport, agriculture, and forestry. The paper explores and presents the strategy of energy development of renewable energy sources in the world. The application of new technologies that have led to developing renewable energy sources is presented in detail: wind energy, solar energy, small hydropower plants, biomass, and their increase in the total share of energy production, i.e., reduced fossil fuel use in energy production. Investments in new technologies used in renewable energy sources have led to increases in employment worldwide. Analysis of the trend of increased energy production from RES (Renewable Energy Sources) with investment plans, the employment rate for each energy source, and the development of renewable energy sources in the coming period are provided.
By applying Industry 4.0, modernization of the production processes in industry is achieved. However, the safety of workers must be a priority. Automation of production processes and raising it to a ...higher level can be achieved by employing collaborative robots working together with workers. The degree of safety measures guarantees that there are no work injuries. In using collaborative robots we exploit all the advantages that they possess over first-generation industrial robots. They work together with workers, workers work in a safe environment, robots take up less space, they are not physically separated from workers, they are easy to manipulate, they are cheaper, and are suitable for small and medium size companies. We have the possibility of introducing different levels of automation in the production process, i.e. we can partially automate the tasks where complete automation is too complex or not economical. The use of collaborative robots will grow in the future, since the goals of the fourth industrial revolution cannot be achieved without collaborative robots, in other words, without the "smart manufacturing process" or "smart factory".
SAŽETAK: Primjenom Industrije 4.0 moderniziraju se proizvodni procesi u industriji, ali se pri tome mora voditi računa o sigurnosti radnika. Automatizacija proizvodnih procesa i podizanje na višu razinu može se ostvariti primjenom kolaborativnih robota koji rade skupa s radnicima, a što se tiče sigurnosti radnika zajamčena je njihova sigurnost tako da nema ozljeda pri radu. Primjenom kolaborativnih robota koriste se sve prednosti koje oni imaju nad industrijskim robotima prve generacije kao što su: zajedno rade s radnicima, radnici rade u sigurnom okruženju, zauzimaju manje prostora, robote nije porebno ogradama odvajati od radnika, jednostavni su za manipulaciju, jeftiniji su, mogućnost primjene u malim i srednjim kompanijama, moguće raznerazine automatizacije u proizvodnom procesu, pri čemu se zadatci mogu djelomično automatizirati u onim slučajevima kada je potpuna automatizacija suviše kompleksna ili nije ekonomična. Trend primjene kolaborativnih robota u budućnosti će imati rastući karakter, jer ciljeve četvrte industrijske revolucije nije moguće postići bez kolaborativnih robota, drugim riječima doći će do “pametnih proizvodnih procesa” odnosno “pametnih tvornica”.
As it is well known, the fourth industrial revolution, entitled "INDUSTRY 4.0" appeared for the first time at the Hannover Fair in 2011. It comes from the high-tech strategy of the German federal ...government that promotes automation and computerization of industry. Ever since 2012, the working group of the German government presented recommendations for the introduction of "Industry 4.0" in the production processes. The strategy consists of adjustment of industrial production to complete smart automation, which means the introduction of self-automation method, self-configuration method, self-diagnosing and removal of problem, knowledge and intelligent decision making. The central figures of "Industry 4.0" are industrial robots, as well as service robots. Their application in all production processes, with the support of information technology, will lead to "intelligent automation" and "intelligent factories". In the nearby future (expected by 2025), machines, devices, robots and humans need to be mutually connected, so that they can work side by side and communicate with each other via the internet platform (IOT). The paper states the role of robots in the fourth industrial revolution, as well as predictions of the development and implementation of robots in the industrial processes. Smart automation or smart factories will create a society in which the wealth, created through the strengthening of global competitiveness, would serve to meet social issues in the society.
Characteristics of the vibrations of rotational systems with misalignment and rotating looseness are well known and they are used for fault detection in the rotating machinery. For the better ...understanding and easier decision make in the fault removing process it is necessary to know how severe each fault is. Lack of procedures for quantification of this faults in rotational machinery is evident. In this paper is investigated the possibility for use of multiple regression analysis for determination of quantity of faults in vibration velocity signal. An experimental motor – coupling – rotor system is created and produced. These systems have capability of changing the values of misalignment and rotational looseness. Measurement of vibrational quantities were conducted on these systems by using piezoelectrical accelerometers for different combinations of fault values. All measurements were stored and processed digitally. All measurements have shown the presence of the main characteristics of introduced faults. It is confirmed that it is not possible to use RMS (root mean square) of vibration velocity, since there is a lot of other factors which has significant impact on the vibration quantity.
Abstract
Industry 4.0 has a significant impact on the automation of production processes, by causing numerous changes in three segments: companies, technology and workers. Developed countries ...worldwide have their own strategies on Industry 4.0, which offer guidelines on its implementation in production processes, with the aim of their complete flexible automation. The core technologies on which Industry 4.0 rests have led to a complete transformation in production processes, especially in the automotive industry. The basic technology of Industry 4.0 is robot technology, i.e., the implementation of industrial and service robots in production processes. The paper provides an analysis of the implementation of industrial robots and service robots in the automation of production processes in the automotive industry with a focus on China. The analysis of the automation of production processes of the automobile industry in China was carried out for two reasons. The first is that China has a growing middle-class population, so demographic trends are encouraging the growing demand for certain products, such as cars. Another reason is that in China (as in Japan, Russia and Western Europe) the average age of factory workers is increasing (the labor force is older), thus the performance of certain tasks becomes more difficult so greater efficiency is not achieved. The paper analyzes vehicle production in China, as well as the readiness of production processes in the automotive industry for the implementation of Industry 4.0.
The world’s largest user of industrial robots in production processes is automotive industry, because global competition in the market requires continuous automation and modernization of production ...processes in the automotive industry. The use of robots in the world is continuously increasing year by year, so it is expected that about 414.000 robot units will be used in 2019. China is the first country in the world in the application of industrial robots, and is increasing the use every year, so that we can say that the annual trend in the application of robots in China is exponential by function. The leading countries in the application of industrial robots, in addition to China, are: Republic of Korea, Japan, North America (USA) and Germany. The tendency of application of industrial robots in the automotive industry in the world is growing on annual and total level. High application of industrial robots in China has resulted in the development of the automotive industry. The estimate is that in the future China will become the largest user of industrial robots, meaning that China is planning to implement the modernization and automation of production processes in the automotive industry, but also in other industries including electronics industry, metal industry and plastics and rubber industry. The development of new technologies and innovations is leading to the development of robotic technology which has been increasingly used in the automation of production processes. This will, in return, lead to the development and application of "smart automation" or "smart factories" in the future that will, besides vehicles, also produce other high quality products in short time period and with large varieties.
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