This book explores how design thinking can transform higher education, with solutions ranging from single course sessions to whole programs and universities. The authors demonstrate how designing ...across disciplines is done, with disruptive technologies, ambiguity and challenges as catalysts. Iteratively tested pedagogies, design-driven solutions and creative uses of both tactile and digital worlds are among the approaches discussed. Educators and leaders of higher education institutes as well as designers and managers of companies will benefit from engaging the design ideas in their own work.
Healthcare organizations around the world are challenged by pressures to reduce cost, improve coordination and outcome, and provide more with less. This requires effective planning and evidence-based ...practice by generating important information from available data. Thus, flexible and user-friendly ways to represent, query, and visualize health data becomes increasingly important. International organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) regularly publish vital data on priority health topics that can be utilized for public health policy and health service development. However, the data in most portals is displayed in either Excel or PDF formats, which makes information discovery and reuse difficult. Linked Open Data (LOD)-a new Semantic Web set of best practice of standards to publish and link heterogeneous data-can be applied to the representation and management of public level health data to alleviate such challenges. However, the technologies behind building LOD systems and their effectiveness for health data are yet to be assessed.
The objective of this study is to evaluate whether Linked Data technologies are potential options for health information representation, visualization, and retrieval systems development and to identify the available tools and methodologies to build Linked Data-based health information systems.
We used the Resource Description Framework (RDF) for data representation, Fuseki triple store for data storage, and Sgvizler for information visualization. Additionally, we integrated SPARQL query interface for interacting with the data. We primarily use the WHO health observatory dataset to test the system. All the data were represented using RDF and interlinked with other related datasets on the Web of Data using Silk-a link discovery framework for Web of Data. A preliminary usability assessment was conducted following the System Usability Scale (SUS) method.
We developed an LOD-based health information representation, querying, and visualization system by using Linked Data tools. We imported more than 20,000 HIV-related data elements on mortality, prevalence, incidence, and related variables, which are freely available from the WHO global health observatory database. Additionally, we automatically linked 5312 data elements from DBpedia, Bio2RDF, and LinkedCT using the Silk framework. The system users can retrieve and visualize health information according to their interests. For users who are not familiar with SPARQL queries, we integrated a Linked Data search engine interface to search and browse the data. We used the system to represent and store the data, facilitating flexible queries and different kinds of visualizations. The preliminary user evaluation score by public health data managers and users was 82 on the SUS usability measurement scale. The need to write queries in the interface was the main reported difficulty of LOD-based systems to the end user.
The system introduced in this article shows that current LOD technologies are a promising alternative to represent heterogeneous health data in a flexible and reusable manner so that they can serve intelligent queries, and ultimately support decision-making. However, the development of advanced text-based search engines is necessary to increase its usability especially for nontechnical users. Further research with large datasets is recommended in the future to unfold the potential of Linked Data and Semantic Web for future health information systems development.
Participation in conferences is an important part of every scientific career. Conferences provide an opportunity for a fast dissemination of latest results, discussion and exchange of ideas, and ...broadening of scientists' collaboration network. The decision to participate in a conference depends on several factors like the location, cost, popularity of keynote speakers, and the scientist's association with the community. Here we discuss and formulate the problem of discovering how a scientist's previous participation affects her/his future participations in the same conference series. We develop a stochastic model to examine scientists' participation patterns in conferences and compare our model with data from six conferences across various scientific fields and communities. Our model shows that the probability for a scientist to participate in a given conference series strongly depends on the balance between the number of participations and non-participations during his/her early connections with the community. An active participation in a conference series strengthens the scientist's association with that particular conference community and thus increases the probability of future participations.
Learning Curve of Speech Recognition Kauppinen, Tomi A.; Kaipio, Johanna; Koivikko, Mika P.
Journal of digital imaging,
12/2013, Letnik:
26, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Speech recognition (SR) speeds patient care processes by reducing report turnaround times. However, concerns have emerged about prolonged training and an added secretarial burden for radiologists. We ...assessed how much proofing radiologists who have years of experience with SR and radiologists new to SR must perform, and estimated how quickly the new users become as skilled as the experienced users. We studied SR log entries for 0.25 million reports from 154 radiologists and after careful exclusions, defined a group of 11 experienced radiologists and 71 radiologists new to SR (24,833 and 122,093 reports, respectively). Data were analyzed for sound file and report lengths, character-based error rates, and words unknown to the SR’s dictionary. Experienced radiologists corrected 6 characters for each report and for new users, 11. Some users presented a very unfavorable learning curve, with error rates not declining as expected. New users’ reports were longer, and data for the experienced users indicates that their reports, initially equally lengthy, shortened over a period of several years. For most radiologists, only minor corrections of dictated reports were necessary. While new users adopted SR quickly, with a subset outperforming experienced users from the start, identification of users struggling with SR will help facilitate troubleshooting and support.
With the advent of the newest emergency call mandates in US and Europe, with the advances in cellular-based and WiFi-based localization solutions, and with the developments of cloud computing and ...web-based social networks, the location information and movement-related data is becoming easier and easier to collect from the user mobile devices and from the user cloud data and it is more and more used in a variety of Location Based Services and for various network planning and management tasks. The last decade has seen significant research efforts dedicated to analyze the user location and movement data, to extract mobility patterns and features and to use the predicted patterns for a more efficient resource allocation and for better location-based services. In the context of what is called today `the smart city', user mobility and location data are becoming key components of the smart city architecture and applications. The goal of this paper is to give a compact and comprehensive overview of the challenges and solutions related to collecting, storing, analyzing, visualizing, using or distributing people's movement data and to summarize the purposes of such data in the context of the smart cities and the Internet of Things.
(123)IADAM 2-((2-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)thio)-5-iodophenylamine (ADAM) has recently been shown to be a very promising imaging ligand for the detection of serotonin transporters (SERT) in human ...brain, because of its high specificity for SERT. (123)IADAM has previously been used only for animal studies. In this work, we investigated the radiation dosimetry and biodistribution of (123)IADAM based on whole-body scans in healthy human volunteers. Following the administration of 196+/-20 MBq (range 157-220 MBq) (123)IADAM, serial whole-body images were performed up to 24 h. Estimates of radiation absorbed dose were calculated using the MIRDOSE 3.0 program with a dynamic bladder model. Twelve source organs were considered in estimating absorbed radiation doses for organs of the body. The highest absorbed organ doses were found to the lower large intestine wall (8.3.10(-2) mGy/MBq), kidneys (5.2.10(-2) mGy/MBq), urinary bladder wall (4.9.10(-2) mGy/MBq) and thyroid (4.3.10(-2) mGy/MBq). The effective dose was estimated to be 2.2.10(-2) mSv/MBq. The results suggest that (123)IADAM is of potential value as a tracer for single-photon emission tomography imaging of serotonin receptors in humans, with acceptable dosimetry and high brain uptake.
Openly shared, available, and accessible scientific resources facilitate tackling grand challenges that our society, organizations, communities and individuals are facing today. Pandemics, climate ...change, environmental modeling, genomics, or space exploration all create open research questions for which Artificial Intelligence – and Semantic Web in particular – have a unique potential to accelerate scientific discoveries. In this editorial, we introduce a special issue on Semantic eScience methods, tools and applications for the Semantic Web Journal and outline five challenges for Semantic eScience in the years to come.
In recent years gazetteers based on semantic web technologies were discussed as an effective way to describe, formalize and standardize place data by using contextual information as a method to ...structure and distinguish places from each other. While research concerning semantic gazetteers with regard to historical places has pointed out the importance of enabling the creation of a global and epoch-spanning gazetteer, we want to emphasize the importance of taking a domain oriented approach as well – in our case, focusing on places set in medieval and early modern times. By discussing the topic from the historians’ perspective, we will be able to identify a number of challenges that are specific to the semantic representation of places set in these time periods. We will then do a survey of existing gazetteer projects that are taking historical places into account. This will enable us to find out which technologies and practices already exist, that can meet the demands of a gazetteer that considers the time specific geographic, social and administrative structures of medieval and early modern times. Finally we will develop a catalogue of design practices for such a semantic gazetteer. Our recommendations will be derived from these existing solutions as well as from our epoch-specific challenges identified before.
Living in learning societies encourages learning outside the classroom. Alongside this reality, higher education institutions have been incorporating policies and procedures that support recognition ...of prior learning (RPL). This development means establishing adequate RPL assessment practices. Our empirical study at the Aalto University Language Centre investigates the networked nature of prior learning among RPL seekers as a means to inform the RPL of English assessment. To examine this, we gathered anonymous data on the type and range of prior learning among 273 students seeking RPL of English. This preliminary study showed three elementary prior learning types: work experience, self-study and leisure activities – which primarily involved using English as a lingua franca. To discover and visualise frequently co-occurring activities, we employed data mining. The analysis revealed the networked nature of prior learning of English. Moreover, the common working-life tasks that emerged from the data differ greatly from those in the RPL of English test. The difference implies that a learner-centred assessment, such as a portfolio, would be a better alternative for RPL than formal testing. It also implies that the English curriculum needs to be updated to align it better with industry needs.
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