The article attempts to understand the concept of peace through the prism of social realities. The central argument deconstructs violence and peace as a variable of social distance. Consequently, ...social interactions become the mechanism of inequalities to underscore how asymmetries of power restructure the social distance. However, interactions are not always actualization of the pre-existing vertical social structures (shaped by power) but how agentic dispositions can counter the course of these interactions and the resultant social distance. The recalibration or maintenance of this distance through the agency is then understood in light of peace or violence framework. The course of analysis builds upon "structural violence" and "Convivencia" as a measure of social distance in relationships. Highlighting the Foucauldian notion of "governmentality", the article concludes social distance enabled "informal" pedagogy as a more intrusive and more insidious form of pedagogy than the disciplinary one because it attends to the affective aspects of learning. The analysis is based upon ethnographic fieldwork conducted at an elite international residential school in India. As this builds an evaluative space of "peace thinking", it provides for complexities of peace research.
Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a common neurological disease faced by the neurologists these days. The role of nerve biopsy is ambiguous and the dilemma to identify the underling etiology ...further adds to the uncertainty. However, ruling out certain etiological causes and confirming specific diagnosis still mandates the procedure. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the contribution of nerve biopsy in peripheral neuropathies and study the histomorphological spectrum of these biopsies. Material and methods: A retrospective 2-year review of 54 nerve biopsies received in the Department of Pathology was performed at a tertiary care centre. Results: A total of 54 nerve biopsies were reviewed during the study period, of which, 6 biopsies (11%) were considered inadequate. Biopsies were broadly divided as biopsies supportive for patient management and biopsies essential for patient management. Biopsies essential for patient management (n=16) comprise vasculitic neuropathy (n=9), lepromatous neuropathy (n=4), hereditary motor sensory neuropathy (n=1) and CIDP (n=2). Biopsies supportive for patient management (n=14) comprise axonal neuropathies (n=6), demyelinating neuropathies (n=5) and mixed neuropathies (predominantly Axonal with secondary demyelinating features, n=3). No diagnostic pathology was identified in 13 cases (24%). Conclusion: With the advent of molecular tests and electrophysiologic examinations, nerve biopsy is losing its charm. However, its contribution still hold grounds in specific etiologies like Vasculitic neuropathy, lepromatous neuropathy and to some extent in management of CIDP. Increase in awareness among the pathologists of the histomorphology is essential to aid the physicians managing these patients. Keywords: Nerve biopsies, Axonal neuropathy, Demyelinating neuropathy, CIDP
Progressive external ophthalmoplegia is a slowly progressive hereditary mitochondrial myopathy. Most mitochondrial disorders overlap clinically, enzymatically, and genetically. The most common enzyme ...defect is the combined deficit of complexes I and IV. Progressive external ophthalmoplegia particularly affects the extraocular muscles and is characterised by ophthalmoplegia, and bilateral ptosis. The ptosis and ophthalmoplegia is unresponsive to anticholinergics, with no effective treatment, but corrective surgery for ptosis as a palliative one. In this article, we report a rare case of a 16-year-old female with characterstic histological features consistent with progressive external ophthalmoplegia.
A comprehensive analysis of pollutant’s trend and their measurement techniques are crucial for evaluating the air quality, and thereby helpful in formulating better control policies. In this report, ...we summarise ground based PM
2.5
and PM
10
data report in India (2015–2019). The important points discussed here are: (i) review of the ground-based data of PM
2.5
and PM
10
and the techniques used, (ii) mapping of the data over India with spatial and temporal distribution so that better understanding on PM pollution level can be made, (iii) identifying the technological gaps in measurement of PM concentration in India, and (iv) evaluation of MERRA-2’s (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2) simulation of PM
2.5
against surface measurements in India to better understand biases for spatial and seasonal distribution, and then (v) suggestions for better PM measurement protocols, policies and metrological aspects for both measurement and control policies. It is observed that the amount of ground data on ambient monitoring of fine PM is insufficient and has several inconsistencies which require adequate attention. In India, not much work has been done on developing certified reference materials, traceable standards and calibration facility for particulate matter measurement which is a crucial step to ensure quality checks. Further, the comparison of MERRA-2 and ground PM
2.5
concentrations revealed huge discrepancies with underestimating PM
2.5
measurements in highly polluted regions like the Indo-Gangetic plain, especially during winter when pollution load was high. Better PM
2.5
agreement was found in summer and monsoon season, based on performance statistics explained in this paper. Inconsistencies between MERRA-2 and ground PM
2.5
are partly due to few limitations in MERRA-2 reanalysis method which are discussed in this paper, apart from several issues in ground-based observation. The aim of this review and comparison is to highlight such issues and give more attention to the importance of data quality assurance for effective air quality management. The present study may be helpful for the researchers in evaluating and choosing appropriate reanalysis products for their future studies.
Core Disease in an adult Kaur, Ashmeet; Mathur, Kusum; Harsh, Anita
Annals of the Indian Academy of Neurology,
07/2022, Letnik:
25, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Background: Neuromuscular disorders are rare, inherited progressive disorders leading to major disabilities over the years. As a group, there prevalence is not so uncommon and requires attention in ...view of their rising cases. Muscle biopsy forms an integral part of the diagnostic workup for patients with neuromuscular disorder but is performed in a very few institutes in Asia. In this study, we learn the spectrum of neuromuscular disorders presenting in a tertiary care centre of a developing country, India and evaluate the importance of open muscle biopsy. Material and Methods: 112 Muscle biopsies were reviewed and analysed for investigation of patients with suspected myopathy. Results: Of the 112 cases, 74% of the cases were adults. Mean age of presentation was 25 years and 57% of the cases were males. Pediatric cases constituted 26% of the total cases and 71% of them were male patients. Definitive diagnosis following muscle biopsy was made in 58% (n=65) of cases. Routine histological evaluation revealed the diagnosis of inflammatory myopathy 41% (n=46), muscular dystrophy in 34.8% (n=39),7.1% (n=8) neurogenic, 1.78%(n=2) mitochondrial and 0.8%(n=1) congenital myopathy of the cases. Conclusion: The burden of neuromuscular disorders has increased over the years. Molecular tests are not always helpful in diagnosing LGMD and not accessible to everyone. The role of muscle biopsy is inevitable in detecting false positive cases in mitochondrial myopathy, and for the management of Inflammatory myopathies. Awareness of the utility of muscle biopsy, expertise in diagnosing, and diagnostic challenges need more attention of the clinicians, pathologists and orientation of postgraduates to ease the journey of the patients and their families. Keywords: Muscle biopsy, Enzyme histochemistry, Neuromuscular disorders, Mitochondrial myopathy, Inflammatory myopathy, Morphology
The study was done with the objective to utilize supracutaneous bone plating as a mean of minimally invasive osteosynthesis for management of radius/ulna and tibia/fibula fractures in dogs. Nine ...cases of long bone fracture (2 radius/ulna and 7 tibia/fibula fracture) in dogs having body weight 8-20 kg and age 4 months to 2 years were repaired with supracutaneous bone plating (minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis) under general anaesthesia after a thorough physical, orthopaedic, neurological and radiographic examinations. Intra-operatively, 3.5 mm, locking head-limited contact-dynamic compression plate (LH-LC-DCP) was used in locking mode with insertion of two self-tapping locking head cortical screws of 3.5 mm (of varying length) in each proximal as well as distal fracture. The bone plate was applied on the medial surface of radius and tibia. Postoperative radiographs were taken to assessthe status of fracture reduction and fixation which was good in all the cases. Regular follow-ups showed good fracture reduction as well as fixation with no changes in implant position. Loosening of screws was observed in single case with no other complication in any of the cases. All the implants were removed on or before 68th day after surgery under sedation. All the animals showed good weight bearing with near to normal limb function on final day of the reappraisal. The supracutaneous bone constructs provided good reduction and fixation at fracture site similar as external skeletal fixators not compromising on axial and torsional stiffness.
PURPOSEThis case report aims to describe a rare manifestation of isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy (HNP) resulting from organophosphate poisoning (OP), specifically organophosphate- induced delayed ...neuropathy (OPIDN). The primary objective of this case report is to highlight this unusual manifestation and discuss its potential underlying mechanisms, emphasizing the importance of timely diagnosis and appropriate management.CASE REPORTA 31-year-old male with a history of consuming a commercial chlorpyrifos formulation presented with acute organophosphate poisoning symptoms that improved with appropriate treatment. However, two weeks later, the patient developed neurological deficits (numbness and weakness spreading from the plantar region to the upper limbs) involving the hypoglossal nerve, manifesting as left-sided tongue deviation, fasciculation, and atrophy, resulting in speech and swallowing difficulties. A comprehensive workup ruled out other potential causes of HNP, supporting the link between OPIDN and isolated HNP. Despite regaining limb strength, the patient's speech and swallowing issues persisted, prompting a follow-up visit to our hospital for further management and rehabilitation.CONCLUSIONThis case report highlights a unique manifestation of OPIDN, resulting in isolated HNP, a rare phenomenon. The correlation between exposure to chlorpyrifos, acute organophosphate poisoning, and delayed onset of HNP suggests a causative relationship. Prompt diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and timely speech and swallowing rehabilitation are vital for optimizing outcomes in such cases. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying this selective vulnerability of OPIDN and to develop targeted interventions.
