Splošen občutek, ki ga dobimo v medijih, na socialnih omrežjih in v vsakdanjih pogovorih, nakazuje, da je stanovanjska problematika v Ljubljani vse bolj pereča. Namen prispevka je preseči ta splošni ...občutek in ga podkrepiti s konkretnimi podatki, ki nam omogočajo razumevanje stanja in njegovo analizo. Podatki so bili pridobljeni na podlagi raziskave, ki so jo študenti različnih fakultet Univerze v Ljubljani opravili med julijem in septembrom 2018. V okviru članka so predstavljene ključne informacije, povezane s kakovostjo in dostopnostjo stanovanj v Ljubljani, ki so bile pridobljene s pomočjo spletne ankete in obdelave statističnih podatkov. Analiza pokaže, da je fond stanovanj v Ljubljani funkcionalno neustrezen, precej dotrajan, predvsem pa nedostopen za velik del prebivalstva.
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•The effect of hybrid and duration of air exposure was evaluated in rehydrated maize silage.•Maize hybrid affected the chemical composition and fermentation profile.•Majority of ...properties determined were stable until the fifth day of air exposure.•Ammonia content increased immediately after air exposure of silages.•One of the tested hybrids was more susceptible to changes caused by air exposure than others.
Most studies investigated the effects of air exposure during the ensiling of whole maize silage and high-moisture maize grains on the chemical composition and fermentation profile, but not of rehydrated grain. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the hybrid and the duration of air exposure on the pH and the content of moisture, main nutrients, fermentation products and nitrogen fractions in silages from three commercial maize hybrids. The grains were rehydrated to 32 % of moisture and ensiled for 63 days with the addition of an inoculant (BIO-SIL®, Dr Pieper Technologie und Produktentwicklung GmbH). After opening, the silages were stored at room temperature for 10 days and samples were taken after 0, 1, 3, 5 and 10 days of air exposure. With increasing duration of air exposure, the content of moisture, lactic and acetic acid and ethanol decreased, while the pH value and the content of water-soluble carbohydrates and ammonia increased. The hybrid affected all the determined properties of the silages except the pH and the ethanol content. There were distinct differences in the contents of moisture, total sugars, water-soluble carbohydrates, lactic, acetic, propionic and isobutyric acids, methanol and ammonia, suggesting that some hybrids may be more susceptible to aerobic spoilage. The majority of the properties remained similar until the fifth day of air exposure, suggesting that the silages of all three hybrids were stable during this period. The only property that increased immediately after air exposure was the content of nitrogen fractions suggesting that proteolysis was occurring, even though pH and lactic acid content remained unchanged. Overall, the results of the study indicate that the behaviour of rehydrated maize silage after exposure to air should be taken into account when selecting maize hybrids.
Real-time state estimation on micro-grids Ying Hu; Kuh, A.; Kavcic, A. ...
The 2011 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks,
2011-July
Conference Proceeding
This paper presents a new probabilistic approach of the real-time state estimation on the micro-grid. The grid is modeled as a factor graph which can characterize the linear correlations among the ...state variables. The factor functions are defined for both the circuit elements and the renewable energy generation. With the stochastic model, the linear state estimator conducts the Belief Propagation algorithm on the factor graph utilizing real-time measurements from the smart metering devices. The result of the statistical inference presents the optimal estimates of the system state. The new algorithm can work with sparse measurements by delivering the optimal statistical estimates rather than the solutions. In addition, the proposed graphical model can integrate new models for solar/wind correlation that will help with the integration study of renewable energy. Our state-of-art approach provides a robust foundation for the smart grid design and renewable integration applications.
