In this paper, we proposed an ultra-high amplitude-sensitive multi-slot sub-wavelength Bragg grating (MS-SW BG) waveguide sensor on silicon on insulator (SOI) platform with a thick silicon waveguide ...(WG) and analyzed the design and performances. The MS-SW BG sensor with a thick waveguide supports multi-transverse modes for the first and second modes, whose stopbands (SBs) have different center wavelengths and bandwidths to form a mid-transmission band (MTB) between these SBs. By adjusting sensor parameters, the MTB can be made sharp and steep, and these spectral profiles shift in response to a refractive index change in the surrounding medium. Due to the sharp spectral feature of the MTB, ultra-high amplitude-sensitive performance can be realized. The sensor length is as short as about 10 μm for a grating period count of 21. With an additional increase of the period count the transmission peak count in the MTB region increases, and the shortest wavelength peak among them exhibits steeper slope which is suitable for higher sensitivity. The appearance of the MTB is explained by coupled mode theory and band structure approach. The structural design is investigated from viewpoints of WG thickness, WG width, duty ratio of the grating and so on to demonstrate an ultra-high amplitude sensitivity of 5000 RIU−1 with transmission loss limit up to 3 dB.
•MS-SW BG is considered as an amplitude sensitivity sensor.•High amplitude sensitivity is obtained by shifting SBs to be closer to each other.•The combined SBs edge region forms a sensing peak which optimization is considered.•Obtaining amplitude sensitivity of 5000 RIU-1 with a sensor length of 45.6 μm.•Considered sensing method shows promise for cheaper sensing systems on SOI platform.
Total cross section for the double neutral pion photoproduction off the proton is presented in the incident photon energy range of 0.58 to 1.15 GeV. The data were accumulated in the years 2009–2010, ...recorded by a 4π EM calorimeter at ELPH, named FOREST. The number of recorded events obtained during this period is 1.6×109 for a hydrogen target. Two neutral pions are reconstructed via detecting their decay products, four gammas (2π0 → 4γ). Compared to the previous results obtained by other groups, our data are in good agreement with theirs within error bars.
The superconducting transition temperatures (TC) of (111) and (001) boron-doped diamond films deposited by microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) are investigated in the wide ...boron concentration range of 1×1020−1×1022cm−3. The critical boron concentrations of superconductor to insulator transition in (111) and (001) films are 3×1020cm−3. TC in (111) films does not have the tendency to saturate up to 1×1022cm−3, while TC in (001) films saturates.
After cardiac transplant, there is often development of restrictive cardiac physiology. Little is known about the factors that contribute to this physiology and its correlation with pathology. Heart ...retransplantation provides a valuable opportunity to further understand this relationship. In this study, we investigated the correlation of myocardial fibrosis and restrictive physiology, and possible risk factors utilizing data from all retransplants at our center. A retrospective review of the 30 patients who underwent retransplantation at our institution between 1994 and 2004 was performed. Hemodynamic and imaging data were reviewed for the presence of restrictive physiology. Pathology reports were reviewed for the presence of myocardial fibrosis in the explanted hearts. The cohort with restrictive physiology preceding redo heart transplant had significantly more patients exhibiting myocardial fibrosis compared with the non‐restrictive physiology group (94.1% vs. 15.4%, p < 0.001). We found no difference in the immunosuppressive regimen, history of rejection, and reason for transplant. In our study, we observed that myocardial fibrosis is an important contributor to the development of restrictive physiology. Further work needs to be done for risk stratification and the mechanism of fibrosis development.
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