A
BSTRACT
Optic nerve avulsion without bone fracture was observed in four cases in the literature. This case is unique with its cranial effects and complications. A 50-year-old Caucasian female ...patient attacked by an animal on her left eye was admitted. Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in the suprasellar cistern and epidural hematoma was observed upon brain computed tomography (CT). Enucleation and duraplasty were performed on the patient whose epidural hemorrhage did not increase. Two weeks after being discharged, the patient presented to the emergency room again with numbness on the right side of her face and sensory aphasia. The patient was followed up by medical treatment with left temporoparietal infarction and had completely recovered. Optic nerve avulsion secondary to trauma is a topic that needs to be carefully investigated due to potentially fatal complications. This article was written to share our experience with this rare condition and its case management.
The effects of chemical composition on the structural, functional and mechanical properties of hafnium palladium (HfPd) alloy system were investigated. Five selected compositions of Hf
50-
x
Pd
50+
x
...(
x
= − 0.5, 0, 0.5, 2.5 and 5) alloys were studied to reveal their potentials as high-temperature shape memory alloys to be employed in the applications to operate above 400 °C. All the alloys showed reversible phase transformations at temperatures above 400 °C. The large hysteresis of more than 120 °C was observed for HfPd alloys which is higher than most of the other conventional high-temperature SMAs. Thermal hysteresis increases with Pd content, as it was 124 °C for Hf
51.5
Pd
49.5
alloy and 158 °C for the Hf
45
Pd
55
alloy. The alloys do not show superelasticity and have very low recoverable strain. It was also shown that hardness increased (to above 400 HV) with increasing Pd content. The alloys fail when they are compressed up to 1500 MPa.
Process capability analysis (PCA) is a completely effective statistical tool for ability of a process to meet predetermined specification limits (SLs). Unfortunately, especially the real case ...problems include many uncertainties, it is one of the critical necessities to define the parameters of PCIs by using crisp numbers. So, the results obtained may be incorrect, if the PCIs are calculated without taking into account the uncertainty. To overcome this problem, the fuzzy set theory (FST) has been successfully used to design of PCA. We also know that fuzzy set extensions have an important role in modelling the case that include uncertainty, incomplete and inconsistent information and they are more powerful than traditional FST to model uncertainty. Defining of main parameters of PCIs such as SLs, mean (µ) and variance (σ2) by using the flexible of fuzzy set extensions rather than precise values due to uncertainty, time, cost, inspectors hesitancy and the results based on fuzzy sets for PCIs contain more, flexible and sensitive information. In this study, two of well-known PCIs called Cp and Cpk have been re-designed at the first time by using one of fuzzy set extensions named Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs). Defining PCIs with more than one membership function instead of an only one membership function is enabling to evaluate the process more broadly more flexibility. For this aim, the main parameters of PCIs have been defined and analyzed by using PFSs. Finally, four new PCIs based on PFSs such as Csp, Cspk, Cfp and Cfpk have been derived. The proposed new PCIs based on PFSs have been also applied on manufacturing process and capability for gears have been analyzed. It is shown that the flexibility of the PFSs on PCIs enables the PCA to give more realistic, more sensitive, and more comprehensive results.
Temperature dependent compressive response and two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) of Ni50.8Ti49.2 (at.%) shape memory alloys were systematically investigated. It was found that solutionized ...Ni50.8Ti49.2 alloys could show positive and negative TWSME if they are plastically deformed in martensite and austenite (above Md), respectively. The maximum positive TWSME strain was 1.4% after martensite deformation of 8% at −90 °C and maximum negative TWSME strain of 0.5% was obtained after austenite deformation of 8% at 200 °C.
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•Two-way shape memory effect of solutionized Ni50.8Ti49.2 (at.%) was studied.•Positive TWSME was observed after it is deformed in martensite.•Negative TWSME was observed after it is deformed in austenite (above Md).•The maximum positive TWSME strain was 1.4%.•The maximum negative TWSME strain was 0.5%.
Scaffold proteins tether and orient components of a signaling cascade to facilitate signaling. Although much is known about how scaffolds colocalize signaling proteins, it is unclear whether ...scaffolds promote signal amplification. Here, we used arrestin-3, a scaffold of the ASK1-MKK4/7-JNK3 cascade, as a model to understand signal amplification by a scaffold protein. We found that arrestin-3 exhibited >15-fold higher affinity for inactive JNK3 than for active JNK3, and this change involved a shift in the binding site following JNK3 activation. We used systems biochemistry modeling and Bayesian inference to evaluate how the activation of upstream kinases contributed to JNK3 phosphorylation. Our combined experimental and computational approach suggested that the catalytic phosphorylation rate of JNK3 at Thr-221 by MKK7 is two orders of magnitude faster than the corresponding phosphorylation of Tyr-223 by MKK4 with or without arrestin-3. Finally, we showed that the release of activated JNK3 was critical for signal amplification. Collectively, our data suggest a “conveyor belt” mechanism for signal amplification by scaffold proteins. This mechanism informs on a long-standing mystery for how few upstream kinase molecules activate numerous downstream kinases to amplify signaling.
In G-protein signaling, an activated receptor catalyzes GDP/GTP exchange on the Gα subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein. In an initial step, receptor interaction with Gα acts to allosterically ...trigger GDP release from a binding site located between the nucleotide binding domain and a helical domain, but the molecular mechanism is unknown. In this study, site-directed spin labeling and double electron-electron resonance spectroscopy are employed to reveal a large-scale separation of the domains that provides a direct pathway for nucleotide escape. Cross-linking studies show that the domain separation is required for receptor enhancement of nucleotide exchange rates. The interdomain opening is coupled to receptor binding via the C-terminal helix of Gα, the extension of which is a high-affinity receptor binding element.
To evaluate the effect of upper eyelid blepharoplasty surgery on corneal topography, visual field, ocular surface, meibography, corneal biomechanics and dry eye parameters.
This prospective study ...included a total 80 eyes of 40 patients. Following a detailed ophthalmological examination, standardized patient satisfaction questions were posed to patients before and after upper eyelid blepharoplasty surgery. Visual field test, non-invasive break up time (NIBUT), meibography, and corneal topography parameters were analyzed and evaluated.
The mean (+) visible areas in the visual field were found to be 46.20±24.96 preoperatively, 56.73±21.98 at the 1st postoperative month and 65.96±18.5 at the 3rd month, which were statistically significant. NIBUT values preoperatively, at 1 month and at 3 months were 11.26±4.48, 11.16±4.5 and 10.14±4.0, respectively, which were statistically significant. Meibomian gland loss rates on meibography preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 and 3 months were found to be 30.24±8.3, 29.36±8.2 and 28.22±7.7 respectively and were statistically significant. With the scoring system after blepharoplasty, patients reported improvement in their symptoms.
Upper eyelid blepharoplasty surgery is predicted to increase the quality of vision. It was observed that there was a functional and cosmetic improvement in the complaints of the patients after blepharoplasty. However, blepharoplasty may cause changes in eyelid dynamics and cause dry eye syndrome.
Purpose
To evaluate the internal anatomy of paramolar tubercles (PTs) on molars, determine the existence of root canals in these structures that either communicate with or are isolated from the main ...root canals of teeth, and analyze the prevalence of root fusion and a C-shaped canal configuration using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials and methods
Twenty-six molars with PTs from the study group and 664 molars without PTs from the control group were evaluated using CBCT. The locations and sizes of tubercles were noted. The existence of root canals in PTs was detected. All teeth were evaluated according to the presence or absence of root fusion and a C-shaped canal configuration. Statistical analyses were performed with Pearson Chi square and Fisher’s exact tests (
p
< 0.05).
Results
Eleven (42.3%) PTs with their own canals communicated with the main root canals of teeth, and 10 of 11 PTs (90.9%) were larger than 4 mm in size. No PT possessed its own canal independent from the other canals. Teeth with PTs tended to have more root fusions than teeth without PTs. A statistically significant correlation was observed between PTs and the C-shaped canal configuration (
p
< 0.01). Maxillary second molars with PTs were the major teeth showing variations in the internal morphology.
Conclusions
PTs are an uncommon anatomical variation that is specific to the coronal and radicular morphology. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of its unpredictable and complex internal anatomy, particularly in cases requiring endodontic treatment. CBCT is recommended for teeth with PTs, particularly maxillary second molars, to improve the prognosis of the teeth.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the third molars which are determined to be closely related to pterygomaxillary fissure (PTM) in cephalometric radiographs. ...MATERIALS AND METHODS: The material of this study was panoramic from 200 individuals (101 male, 99 female, mean age 19.02 ± 1.62) with three different skeletal malocclusion in the sagittal direction (class I: 109; class II: 66; class III: 25) and lateral cephalometric radiographs. It was observed that 151 of the patients included in this study had unilateral, 49 bilateral impacted maxillary third molars teeth. Angular and millimetric measurements (SNA°, SNB°, ANB°, PTM Height-x, PTM Width-y) were made in accordance with the parameters determined on the lateral cephalometric radiographs of individuals. In this retrospective study, the relation of impaction with PTM evaluated on cephalometric radiographs, whether the impaction was unilateral or bilateral, was investigated in terms of skeletal anomaly. Chi-square test was used for the analysis. RESULTS: Of the 200 individuals with impacted maxillary third molar, 99 were female and 101 were male. There is no statistical difference between them in terms of unilateral and bilateral impacted third molars (p > 0.05). Of the 200 patients, 109 patients were class I, 66 patients were class II, and 25 patients were class III. There is no statistical difference between unilateral and bilateral impacted cases in facial skeletal classification (p > 0.05). According to chi-square test results, the relationship between genders and PTM variable width and height (PTM-x and PTM-y) measurements were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The fact that the third molar teeth are impacted bilaterally or unilaterally is not affected by PTM change.
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