The alarming mortality rates associated with cardiac abnormalities emphasize the critical need for early and accurate detection of heart disorders to mitigate severe health consequences for patients. ...Electrocardiograms (ECG) are commonly employed instruments for the examination of cardiac disorders, with a preference for noise-free ECG signals to ensure precise interpretation. However, ECG signal recordings are susceptible to environmental interferences, including patient movement and electrode positioning. This paper introduces a hardware implementation for denoising ECG signals, leveraging a novel method by integrating high-order Synchrosqueezing Transform, Detrended Fluctuation Analysis, and Non-Local-Mean filter optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (HSST-DFA-PSO-NLM) techniques on Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platforms. FPGA-based processing units are chosen for their outstanding performance attributes, including high re-programmability, speed, architectural flexibility, and low power consumption, resulting in efficient signal processing. The effectiveness of the designed filtering algorithm is evaluated using key criteria, including Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for performance assessment. Additionally, resource utilization metrics such as Look-Up Tables (LUTs), Flip Flops, and DSP Blocks, as well as power consumption measures including dynamic power and static or leakage power, are analysed across various FPGA boards (Virtex and Zedboards) utilizing the VIVADO environment. Comparative analyses are conducted to identify the most suitable FPGA board for implementation, highlighting the superior performance of the proposed design. Remarkably, the proposed denoising solution gives excellent SNR of 29.56, 29.68, and 28.86 by denoising various ECG noises. The RMSE attained by the model is also less than 0.05. This research advances the field of cardiac disorder detection by providing a reliable and efficient FPGA-based solution for ECG signal denoising, thereby enhancing the accuracy of early diagnosis and treatment.
The ultrasound-assisted extraction of Total Phenolic Content from Sesbania grandiflora L. leaves and its optimization with kinetics is dealt with in this study. The effect of extraction of solvents ...(ethanol-water composition), solid to solvent ratio (1:10-1:70), particle size (0.1-0.5x 10
−3
m), power (50-120 W), and extraction temperature (30-50°C) on total phenolic content (TPC) from Sesbania grandiflora leaf powder has been investigated. The overall optimized parameters for the ultrasound-assisted extraction of Total Phenolic Content from Sesbania grandiflora L. leaves are solid to solvent ratio of 1:50, particle size of 0.4-0.5 × 10
−3
m, power 120 W, extraction temperature 45°C with the maximum phenolic content of 14.37 × 10
−3
g GA/g. Comparatively, equilibration time of UAE (240 s) is very low than the conventional batch operation (960 s). A semi-empirical two parameter, Peleg's model, assists in capturing the reaction kinetics where it elucidates the experimental behavior in a precise way.
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•Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) by hydrothermally prepared TiO2.•Comparative assessment with widely studied TiO2 such as P25 (Degussa), Hombicat ...(UV-100) and Commercial grade TiO2.•Degradation of 2,4-D under natural Sunlight vs. UV light.•1, 2, 4 benzenetriol is the major intermediate during 2,4-D degradation.
Photoremediation of pesticides under natural sunlight will not be distant a dream any more due to rapid development in the field of catalysis and its related technology. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a common broad-leaved weeds, found in surface and groundwater at concentrations above the maximum containment level, is chosen as model pollutant in this study. Hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 under sol-gel route resulted in altered band gap material with good crystallinity and particle size. Further, the overview of its degradation is compared with commercial TiO2 such as P25, Hombicat UV-100 and commercial brand of TiO2 (C-TiO2). More importantly, commercial viability of the catalyst was assessed in natural sunlight for its photocatalytic activity and selectivity. The chosen catalyst was characterized using XRD, SEM, EDAX, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR and DRS-UV for its structural, functional and electronic properties. Hydrothermal catalyst (H-TiO2) showed degradation of 96% under UV light and 83% under solar light due to its altered band gap (3.16 eV), selective anatase phase ratio appending to similar particle size and crystallinity as that of P25. The major intermediates of 2,4-D degradation were identified for H-TiO2 and its selective degradation mechanism was highlighted. Thus, this work not only puts forward the importance of material characteristics for mitigation of model pollutant but also its feasibility for practical implication under natural sunlight.
Magnesium (Mg) alloys are a very attractive material of construction for biodegradable temporary implants. However, Mg alloys suffer unacceptably rapid corrosion rates in aqueous environments, ...including physiological fluid, that may cause premature mechanical failure of the implant. This necessitates a biodegradable surface barrier coating that should delay the corrosion of the implant until the fractured/damaged bone has healed. This review takes a brief account of the merits and demerits of various existing coating methodologies for the mitigation of Mg alloy corrosion. Since among the different coating approaches investigated, no single coating recipe seems to address the degradation control and functionality entirely, this review argues the need for polymer-based and biodegradable composite coatings.
Traditional herbs are investigated for their medicinal properties and feasible large scale low cost extraction techniques. The extraction of phenolic content from different plant matrices has been a ...huge challenge and largely depends on the effectiveness and efficiency of selected extraction methods. The estimation of total phenolic content from Syzygium Cumin.L (Jamun bark) and its optimisation of extraction conditions with respect to nature of solvent, solvent ratios, particle size and solid to solvent ratio were carried out in this study. Room temperature based batch mode of extraction of Syzygium Cumini L bark has been performed and compared with conventional Soxhlet extraction. The total phenolic extraction rate for different ratios of methanol-water and ethanol-water were investigated where methanol-water ratio of 70:30 yields high phenolic extraction rate of 49.22 ± 5.3 mg GAE/g. The particle size of 0.05-0.06 mm, solvent to solid ratio of 3:1 yielded higher total phenolic content of 47.22 ± 3.35 mg GAE/g. The extraction followed second-order kinetics with 98% goodness of fit. Feasible optimised mode of extraction of total phenolic compound shows promising directions towards industrial extraction.
The electrochemical corrosion resistance of a Mg-Zn-Zr alloy, ZK60, in different planes with respect to the extrusion direction was investigated in 3.5 wt% NaCl. The motivation of this study lies in ...the influence of extrusion on the grain size, texture and precipitation characteristics of magnesium alloys, and the profound role of these characteristics in the corrosion resistance of the alloys. Corrosion resistance was found to be considerably superior in the plane transverse to the extrusion direction (TD) than in the extrusion direction (ED) or normal to the extrusion direction (ND). The difference in the corrosion resistance was attributed to the variations in microstructural features in the TD, ED and ND directions.
Feature selection is a major challenge in data mining which involves complex searching procedure to acquire relevant feature subset. The effectiveness of classification approaches is greatly ...susceptible to data dimensionality. The Higher dimensionality intricate numerous problems like higher computational costs and over fitting problem. The essential key factor to mitigate the problem is feature selection. The main motive is to minimize the number of features through eliminating noisy, insignificant, and redundant features from the original data. The Metaheuristic algorithm attains excellent performance for solving this kind of problems. In this paper, the grading based binary salp swarm optimization has been proposed to solve various complex problems with lesser computational time. The grading system has been used to maintain the balance among exploitation and exploration. The proposed method is examined using ten benchmark real datasets. The comparative result exhibits the promising performance of our proposed method and surpasses with other optimization interms of investigating evaluation measures.
Innovation in nanocomposites preparation of graphene is on a surge for its unique applications in energy and environment. Conventional method of preparation of graphene has been elaborated along with ...its futuristic scope of preparation from fruit waste. Graphene synthesized by top to bottom and bottom to top approaches has been elaborated with a note on its properties and characterization. Biomass and its precursors serve as a promising sources for achieving high surface area and stability. The abundant availability of fruit waste with carbon and nitrogen source yields graphene for suitable mechanical and thermal-based applications. Further, the choice of preparation method and reduction in product cost from the fruit waste needs many testing and trials to optimize different variables. This review summarizes the fruit wastes as precursor for preparation, characterization, and applications of graphene. Comparison of the choice of preparation and its performance for different applications will guide the commercialization of graphene for any versatile application.
Decentralized wastewater treatment system (DEWATS) are widely used for the treatment of wastewater originating from residences, institutes and municipalities, specifically in South India. Most of ...these STPs are denounced owing to failures on several fronts including design, operation and maintenance, installation and monitoring. A comprehensive review and evaluation of STPs was timely, in order to derive sound conclusions and recommendations for future wastewater management strategies. The objective of the present study was to conduct an independent evaluation of already existing decentralized STPs in South India. The technologies assessed were Aerated lagoon (AL), Extended aeration (EA), Anaerobic filter/Vortex put forward by Centre for Scientific Research (CSR VORTEX), Constructed Wetland (DEWATS others), Membrane bioreactor (MBR) and Moving bed Biofilm reactor (MBBR). Among the various technologies evaluated, MBR exhibited the highest total COD, BOD and solids removal efficiency. Pathogen count was lowest in MBR, followed by MBBR and AL. Nutrient removal in terms of ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen was highest in DEWATS. Effective hours of continuous operation enabled improved plant performance. In case of natural treatment technology such as DEWATS, energy requirement is quite low, whereas conventional treatment technologies such as EA necessitate considerably high demand of energy, requiring few personnel to operate the system. Innovative high cell density systems such as MBBR and MBR entail significant power consumption and elaborate maintenance, requiring large number of skilled professionals. The major reasons for failure of STPs were related to mechanical, electrical and labour problems. Regular monitoring and maintenance is required with due diligence in all the treatment technologies for proper functioning.
