ABSTRACT
By searching the Open Supernova Catalog, an extragalactic transient host galaxy database, and literature analyses, I present the largest sample of type Ia supernova (SN Ia) siblings to date. ...The sample comprises 158 galaxies, consisting of 327 confirmed SNe Ia, over 10 times larger than existing sibling SN Ia samples. SN siblings share host galaxies, and thus share global environmental properties and associated systematic uncertainties. This makes them valuable for both cosmological and astrophysical analyses; for example, sibling SNe Ia allow for comparison of environmental properties within the same galaxy, progenitor comparisons, rates analyses, and multiple calibrations of the Hubble–Lemaître constant. This large sample will provide a variety of new avenues of research, and be of great interest to the wider SN Ia community. To give an example use of this sample, I define a cosmology subsample of 44 siblings; and use it to compare light-curve properties between sibling pairs. I find no evidence for correlations in stretch (x1) and colour (c) between pairs of siblings. Moreover, by comparing a comparable set of random pairs of SNe Ia through boot-strapping, I find that siblings are no more similar in x1 and c than any random pair of SNe Ia. Given that siblings share the same hosts, differences in x1 and c between siblings cannot be due to global galaxy properties. This raises important questions regarding environmental systematics for SN Ia standardization in cosmology, and motivates future analyses of sibling SNe Ia.
Studies of infant motor development in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have increased in recent years. This article synthesized this literature through meta‐analysis to assess (a) whether infant motor ...ability differs in ASD relative to neurotypical controls; and (b) whether motor ability and communication are related in infants with ASD. Study 1 aggregated data from 1,953 infants with ASD (ages 3.0–42.0 months), and Study 2 included 890 infants with ASD (age 6.0–42.9 months). Study 1 revealed that infant motor ability differed significantly in ASD compared with neurotypical infants—this difference was robust to variation in measurement and design. Furthermore, this group difference amplified as age increased. Study 2 indicated that within ASD, infant motor ability and communication are related.
Recent years have witnessed incredible growth in RNA therapeutics, which has benefited significantly from decades of research on lipid nanoparticles, specifically its key component—the ionizable ...lipid. This comment discusses the major ionizable lipid types, and provides perspectives for future development.RNA therapeutics have benefited significantly from decades of research on lipid nanoparticles, specifically its key component—the ionizable lipid. This comment discusses the major ionizable lipid types, and provides perspectives for future development.
Insecticide resistance is under strong selective pressure in Anopheles mosquitoes due to widespread usage of insecticides in vector control strategies. Resistance mechanisms likely cause changes that ...profoundly affect mosquito physiology, yet it remains poorly understood how selective pressures imposed by insecticides may alter the ability of the mosquito to host and transmit a Plasmodium infection. From pyrethroid-resistant field-derived Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes, we established resistant (RES) and susceptible (SUS) colonies by either selection for, or loss of insecticide resistance. We show increased oocyst intensity and growth rate as well as increased sporozoite prevalence and intensity in RES compared to SUS females infected with Plasmodium falciparum. The increase in infection intensity in RES females was not associated with the presence of the kdrL1014F mutation and was not impacted by inhibition of Cytochrome P450s. The lipid transporter lipophorin (Lp), which was upregulated in RES compared to SUS, was at least partly implicated in the increased intensity of P. falciparum but not directly involved in the insecticide resistance phenotype. Interestingly, we observed that although P. falciparum infections were not affected when RES females were exposed to permethrin, these females had decreased lipid abundance in the fat body following exposure, pointing to a possible role for lipid mobilization in response to damage caused by insecticide challenge. The finding that selection for insecticide resistance can increase P. falciparum infection intensities and growth rate reinforces the need to assess the overall impact on malaria transmission dynamics caused by selective pressures mosquitoes experience during repeated insecticide challenge.
Learning to walk allows infants to travel faster and farther and explore more of their environments. In turn, walking may have a cascading effect on infants’ communication and subsequent responses ...from caregivers. We tested for an inflection point—a dramatic shift in the developmental progression—in infant communication and caregiver responses when infants started walking. We followed 25 infants longitudinally over 7 months surrounding the onset of walking (mean walk onset age = 11.76 months, SD = 1.56). After learning to walk, the pace of gesture growth (but not vocalization growth) increased substantially, and infants increasingly coordinated gestures and vocalizations with locomotion (e.g., by walking to a caregiver and showing off a toy bear). Consequently, caregivers had more opportunities to respond contingently to their infants during walking months compared to crawling months (e.g., “What did you find? Is that your bear?”). Changes in communication were amplified for infants who began walking at older ages, compared to younger walkers. Findings suggest that learning to walk marks a point in development when infants actively communicate in new ways, and consequently elicit rich verbal input from caregivers.
After infants began to walk, they increasingly gestured and paired their communications with locomotion. Correspondingly, caregivers had more opportunities to contingently respond to infant communication following walk onset.
Medical deep learning—A systematic meta-review Egger, Jan; Gsaxner, Christina; Pepe, Antonio ...
Computer methods and programs in biomedicine,
June 2022, 2022-Jun, 2022-06-00, 20220601, Letnik:
221
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
•providing an overview of current deep learning reviews where a medical application plays the key role and arranging the researched works chronologically for a historical common thread and picture ...over the years.•extracting the overall number of referenced works and citations to give an impression of the research influence and footprints of the respective field.•analyzing, exploring and highlighting the main reasons for the massive research efforts on this topic.•conducting a comprehensive discussion of the current state-of-the-art in the deep learning area with achievements but also failures from other domains that should be avoided and not be repeated in the medical area.•providing a critical expert opinion and pointing out further controversies.
Deep learning has remarkably impacted several different scientific disciplines over the last few years. For example, in image processing and analysis, deep learning algorithms were able to outperform other cutting-edge methods. Additionally, deep learning has delivered state-of-the-art results in tasks like autonomous driving, outclassing previous attempts. There are even instances where deep learning outperformed humans, for example with object recognition and gaming. Deep learning is also showing vast potential in the medical domain. With the collection of large quantities of patient records and data, and a trend towards personalized treatments, there is a great need for automated and reliable processing and analysis of health information. Patient data is not only collected in clinical centers, like hospitals and private practices, but also by mobile healthcare apps or online websites. The abundance of collected patient data and the recent growth in the deep learning field has resulted in a large increase in research efforts. In Q2/2020, the search engine PubMed returned already over 11,000 results for the search term ‘deep learning’, and around 90% of these publications are from the last three years. However, even though PubMed represents the largest search engine in the medical field, it does not cover all medical-related publications. Hence, a complete overview of the field of ‘medical deep learning’ is almost impossible to obtain and acquiring a full overview of medical sub-fields is becoming increasingly more difficult. Nevertheless, several review and survey articles about medical deep learning have been published within the last few years. They focus, in general, on specific medical scenarios, like the analysis of medical images containing specific pathologies. With these surveys as a foundation, the aim of this article is to provide the first high-level, systematic meta-review of medical deep learning surveys.
The aim of the present article is to provide explore decent work in the Turkish cultural context. To achieve this, both quantitative and qualitative research methods were undertaken. Specifically, we ...sought to validate a Turkish version of the Decent Work Scale (Duffy et al., 2017) among a diverse group of Turkish working adults (N = 453). Additionally, we used an open-ended question to gather qualitative data in order to gain a deeper understanding of how decent work is conceptualized in the current Turkish cultural context (N = 100). Findings of the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a correlational five-factor model of the DWS exhibited good model fit for the Turkish working adults. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance models were tested, indicating that the structure of the scale was invariant across gender, income, and social class groups. The total DWS scale score and five subscale scores positively correlated with job satisfaction and work meaning, and negatively correlated with withdrawal intentions. In addition, content analysis supported presence of the five subscales of the DWS. Thus, the results of this study provide preliminary evidence that the Turkish version of the DWS may be utilized for assessing decent work among Turkish working adults.
•The Turkish version of the Decent Work Scale was validated.•Examined decent work, job satisfaction, work meaning, and withdrawal intentions as convergent and divergent validity•Conventional content analysis was used to understand conceptualization of decent work in the Turkish cultural context.•Qualitative part of the study revealed nine categories mainly overlap with the Decent Work Subscales.
The Psychology of Working Theory Duffy, Ryan D.; Blustein, David L.; Diemer, Matthew A. ...
Journal of counseling psychology,
03/2016, Letnik:
63, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In the current article, we build on research from vocational psychology, multicultural psychology, intersectionality, and the sociology of work to construct an empirically testable Psychology of ...Working Theory (PWT). Our central aim is to explain the work experiences of all individuals, but particularly people near or in poverty, people who face discrimination and marginalization in their lives, and people facing challenging work-based transitions for which contextual factors are often the primary drivers of the ability to secure decent work. The concept of decent work is defined and positioned as the central variable within the theory. A series of propositions is offered concerning (a) contextual predictors of securing decent work, (b) psychological and economic mediators and moderators of these relations, and (c) outcomes of securing decent work. Recommendations are suggested for researchers seeking to use the theory and practical implications are offered concerning counseling, advocacy, and public policy.
Converging forces have led to an increase in precarious work, which threatens the health and well-being of workers globally and in the United States. Scholars in many fields are studying the ...implications of precarious work, and work psychologists have contributed to this literature by studying constructs such as job insecurity, underemployment, and decent work. In this article, we summarize the literature on precarious work and offer a psychological framework of work precarity to connect this psychological research with the existing precarious work literature. In the work precarity framework, social and economic marginalization and economic conditions and policies influence who has precarious work, which subsequently leads to three psychological states of work precarity: precarity of work (i.e., uncertainty related to the continuity of one's work), precarity at work (i.e., unpredictability in work due to discrimination, harassment, and unsafe working conditions), and precarity from work (i.e., uncertainty from holding a job that does not meet one's basic needs). These psychological states then result in poorer job attitudes, poorer mental health, and disrupted identity. We also provide future directions for research in this area and identify areas where work psychologists can contribute and advance the literature.
•Summarized the precarious work literature and context of the problem•Introduced precarity of work, precarity at work, and precarity from work•Proposed the work precarity framework to organize research in this area•Provided directions for future research on precarious work
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