Digitalization and Cyber Risks Khalin, V. G.; Chernova, G. V.
Upravlencheskoe konsulʹtirovanie,
08/2023
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Digitalization, considered in a broad sense as the most important modern trend of social development, is generally accompanied not only by positive consequences for the economy and society, but also ...by challenges, threats, as well as negative consequences of the implementation of these threats. Digitalization, considered in a narrow sense as the transformation of information of any kind into its digital form and involving the use of digital information, can also be described by challenges, threats, negative consequences and risks. Among the latter, a significant role is played by the risks of violating the security of digital information — cyber risks. Since they can have a negative impact on digitalization, considered both in a broad and narrow sense, there is a problem of allocating cyber risks and managing them in order to reduce possible losses and damage caused by the implementation of these cyber risks. The article defines the interrelationships of the concepts of digitalization, challenge, threat, negative consequence and risk; identifies the role and justifies the high importance of a cyber call as a requirement to ensure the security of digital information; determines the factors of influence on cyber risks; suggests a variant of building a cyber risk management program, the implementation of which will contribute to reducing the possible negative consequences of digitalization caused by a violation of the security of digital information.
Mathematical education, both mass education, and university education of non-mathematicians, are in an abominable state, and rapidly degrading. We argue that the instruction of non-mathematicians ...should be dramatically reformed both as substance and style. With traditional approach, such a transformation would take decades, with unclear results. But we do not have this time. The advent of Computer Algebra Systems gives the mathematics community a chance to reverse the trend. We should make a serious attempt to seize this opportunity. In the present paper we describe one such project of reform implemented at the St Petersburg State University.
The task of improving business performance always raises the problem of choosing the most effective ways to ensure it. The article is devoted to the substantiation of the business efficiency ...criterion, in accordance with the requirements of which those areas of business development that provide it with the greatest efficiency should be determined. The article puts forward and confirms the hypothesis that, according to the selected criterion the greatest efficiency can be provided not only by the variant of the simultaneous implementation of all possible directions for increasing efficiency, but also by the variant of their implementation in parts — in the form of sets of directions. The authors propose a model for the formation of an effective business, using Pareto optimality and implemented on the basis of two developed Algorithms, which is illustrated by a numerical example.
Tighter competition of any economic entities leads to the use of such a mechanism to combat it as economic convergence — the rapprochement of the activities of various economic entities, aimed at ...increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of its participants. At the same time, the most important modern trend in social development is digitalization, which also has an impact on convergence processes in the economy. Disclosure of the impact of digitalization on convergence processes includes consideration of the stages of development of digitalization, levels of convergence, their relationship, as well as identifying the directions and results of the impact of the last stage of digitalization on modern economic convergence. The results of the study are the identified parameters of economic convergence and their content, the disclosure of the business model characteristics of entrepreneurial activity within the framework of modern economic convergence, the possibilities of joint business implemented by intersectoral convergence, as well as the prerequisites of joint business due to the influence of the digitalization factor on all these processes. Keywords: economic convergence, convergence parameters, digitalization, business model of entrepreneurial activity within the framework of intersectoral economic convergence, prerequisites for the effectiveness of joint business.
The most important factor in the effective development of any country is the level of national education, including higher education. In turn, the content and quality of the latter is ...largely determined by how higher education is managed at its various levels, and how effective management decisions are. The content of this article is the author’s model of quantitative and verbal assessment of the quality of management of a Russian university to achieve a specific goal of its development, set for a specific time period. Features of the model: a specific goal is achieved by solving a number of strategic tasks; to assess the quality of management for solving each of these tasks, balanced scorecards (BSC) are formed; on the basis of the BSC for each task, a sub-index is calculated — a quantitative assessment of the quality of management for solving this task; on the basis of the ranked list of strategic tasks and the corresponding sub-indices, an integrated assessment of the quality of university management is carried out in order to achieve a specific goal. The model can be used both as part of the management of a separate university, and for comparing the management of various universities, including the management of Russian and foreign universities.
The current stage of world economic and social development is characterized by a significant impact on it digitalization. As a new trend of world social development, which replaced information and ...computerization, it is characterized by the following: it is based on a digital representation of information that, in the economic and social life of a country and the whole world, leads to higher economic efficiency and better quality life. The comprehensive disclosure of digitalization features as a modern trend in the world development includes the disclosure of the essence of digitalization, the features of digital representation of information, the prerequisites and possible positive consequences of digitalization for Russia, the relationship between digitalization and digital economy, challenges, threats, possible negative consequences and risks of digitalization for Russia, measurement methods the degree of digitalization coverage of a particular country, and also includes a description of the current state and tasks of digitalization for the Russian economy.
The current stage of development of the Russian insurance market in most regions is accompanied by imbalances in its development — a mismatch between the level of development of the regional ...insurance market and the needs of the region for insurance protection, as well as large deviations of insurance indicators at the regional level from their reference values, for example, the best or average across the insurance market countries. Therefore, the study of the causes of such imbalances, as well as the development of managerial decisions to reduce and eliminate them, is extremely relevant. The article contains an analysis of imbalances in the development of regional insurance markets and their respective regions, as well as a list of measures to reduce them. It also contains an analysis and assessment of imbalances in the development of regional insurance markets (RIM) due to deviations in the real quality and cost of services provided by the region from the reference ones. Particular attention is paid to identifying regional risks that determine the types of insurance that are priority for the region in question. The study used the method of experimental comparative analysis, deduction and statistical methods. The proposed approach to identifying imbalances in the development of RIM and the formation of managerial decisions to reduce them can be used to increase the effectiveness of the functioning of RIM, assessed by the two proposed criteria. The results of the work can be used to develop and implement national and regional strategies for socio-economic development, including the use of insurance as an institution of social and financial protection against risks.
In the last few years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of discovered viruses that are transmitted by arthropods. Some of them are pathogenic for humans and mammals, and the ...pathogenic potential of others is unknown. The genus
belongs to the family
and includes arboviruses that cause severe human diseases with damage to the central nervous system and hemorrhagic fevers, as well as viruses with unknown vectors and viruses specific only to insects. The latter group includes Lammi virus, first isolated from a mosquito pool in Finland. It is known that Lammi virus successfully replicates in mosquito cell lines but not in mammalian cell cultures or mice. Lammi virus reduces the reproduction of West Nile virus during superinfection and thus has the potential to reduce the spread of West Nile virus in areas where Lammi virus is already circulating. In this work, we isolated Lammi virus from a pool of adult
mosquitoes that hatched from larvae/pupae collected in Saint Petersburg, Russia. This fact may indicate transovarial transmission and trans-stadial survival of the virus.
The genus
includes related, unclassified segmented flavi-like viruses, two segments of which have homology with flavivirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase NS5 and RNA helicase-protease NS3. This group ...includes such viruses as Jingmen tick virus, Alongshan virus, Yanggou tick virus and others. We detected the Yanggou tick virus in
and
ticks in two neighbouring regions of Russia. The virus prevalence ranged from 0.5% to 8.0%. We detected RNA of the Alongshan virus in 44 individuals or pools of various tick species in eight regions of Russia. The virus prevalence ranged from 0.6% to 7.8%. We demonstrated the successful replication of the Yanggou tick virus and Alongshan virus in IRE/CTVM19 and HAE/CTVM8 tick cell lines without a cytopathic effect. According to the phylogenetic analysis, we divided the Alongshan virus into two groups: an
group and an
group. In addition, the
group can be divided into European and Asian subgroups. We found amino acid signatures specific to the
and
groups and also distinguished between the European and Asian subgroups of the
group.
In the last few years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of discovered viruses that are transmitted by arthropods. Some of them are pathogenic for humans and mammals, and the ...pathogenic potential of others is unknown. The genus Orthoflavivirus belongs to the family Flaviviridae and includes arboviruses that cause severe human diseases with damage to the central nervous system and hemorrhagic fevers, as well as viruses with unknown vectors and viruses specific only to insects. The latter group includes Lammi virus, first isolated from a mosquito pool in Finland. It is known that Lammi virus successfully replicates in mosquito cell lines but not in mammalian cell cultures or mice. Lammi virus reduces the reproduction of West Nile virus during superinfection and thus has the potential to reduce the spread of West Nile virus in areas where Lammi virus is already circulating. In this work, we isolated Lammi virus from a pool of adult Aedes cinereus mosquitoes that hatched from larvae/pupae collected in Saint Petersburg, Russia. This fact may indicate transovarial transmission and trans-stadial survival of the virus.
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