Although it looks reasonable to say menopausal women experience significant changes in quality of life, however the period is filled with anxiety and distress. Women can experience an array of ...symptoms including hot flushes, night sweats, sleep and mood disorders, impaired memory, lack of concentration, nervousness, depression, insomnia, bone and joint complaints Objectives:1. To assess Quality of life in menopausal women attending primary health care centers of Jazan, KSA 2. To conduct factor analysis for the variables affecting quality of life of menopausal women Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted in primary health centers located in Jazan city. All menopausal women between age of 40-79 years were considered. A predesigned questionnaire drawn from World Health Organization Quality Of Life BREF (WHO QOL BREF) utilized Results: Mean age was 50.02+ or -4.5 (Age + or - SD) Physical changes domain mean was 1.42+ or -1.46 (mean + or - SD), greater than other domains and the participants were experiencing physical changes affecting quality of life more than any domain Sexual changes domain mean + or - SD was 1.21+ or -1.99 and the participants were extremely bothered with symptoms of this domain. Conclusions: Significant shift in health care services is required for improving QOL of menopausal women which continue to be overlooked. (Afr J Reprod Health 2023; 27 10: 36-45). Keywords: Factor analysis, Jazan city, MENQOL, post-menopausal women, quality of life Bien qu'il semble raisonnable de dire que les femmes menopausees connaissent des changements significatifs dans leur qualite de vie, cette periode est neanmoins remplie d'anxiete et de detresse. Les femmes peuvent ressentir toute une serie de symptomes, notamment des bouffees de chaleur, des sueurs nocturnes, des troubles du sommeil et de l'humeur, des troubles de la memoire, un manque de concentration, de la nervosite, de la depression, de l'insomnie, des problemes osseux et articulaires. Objectifs : 1. Evaluer la qualite de vie des femmes menopausees frequentant les centres de soins de sante primaires de Jazan, KSA 2. Effectuer une analyse factorielle pour les variables affectant la qualite de vie des femmes menopausees Methodologie : Une etude transversale menee dans les centres de sante primaires situes dans la ville de Jazan. Toutes les femmes menopausees agees de 40 a 79 ans ont ete prises en compte. Un questionnaire predefini tire du BREF sur la qualite de vie de l'Organisation mondiale de la sante (WHO QOL BREF) a utilise les resultats : L'age moyen etait de 50,02+4,5 (age + ecart-type). La moyenne du domaine des changements physiques etait de 1,42+1,46 (moyenne + ecart-type), superieure a celle des autres domaines et les participants subissaient des changements physiques affectant la qualite de vie plus que n'importe quel domaine. La moyenne du domaine des changements sexuels + SD etait de 1,21 + 1,99 et les participants etaient extremement genes par les symptomes de ce domaine. Conclusions : Un changement significatif dans les services de soins de sante est necessaire pour ameliorer la qualite de vie des femmes menopausees, qui continue d'etre negligee. (Afr J Reprod Health 2023; 27 10: 36-45). Mots-cles: Analyse factorielle, ville de Jazan, MENQOL, femmes menopausees, qualite de vie
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is a common chronic ailment that causes uncomfortable symptoms and increases the risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. We aimed to report the burden of ...gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2017, using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017.
We did a systematic review to identify measurements of the prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in geographically defined populations worldwide between 1990 and 2017. These estimates were analysed with DisMod-MR, a Bayesian mixed-effects meta-regression tool that incorporates predictive covariates and adjustments for differences in study design in a geographical cascade of models. Fitted values for broader geographical units inform prior distributions for finer geographical units. Prevalence was estimated for 195 countries and territories. Reports of the frequency and severity of symptoms among individuals with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease were used to estimate the prevalence of cases with no, mild to moderate, or severe to very severe symptoms at a given time; these estimates were multiplied by disability weights to estimate years lived with disability (YLD).
Data to estimate gastro-oesophageal reflux disease burden were scant, totalling 144 location-years (unique measurements from a year and location, regardless of whether a study reported them alongside measurements for other locations or years) of prevalence data. These came from six (86%) of seven GBD super-regions, 11 (52%) of 21 GBD regions, and 39 (20%) of 195 countries and territories. Mean estimates of age-standardised prevalence for all locations in 2017 ranged from 4408 cases per 100 000 population to 14 035 cases per 100 000 population. Age-standardised prevalence was highest (>11 000 cases per 100 000 population) in the USA, Italy, Greece, New Zealand, and several countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, north Africa and the Middle East, and eastern Europe; it was lowest (<7000 cases per 100 000 population) in the high-income Asia Pacific, east Asia, Iceland, France, Denmark, and Switzerland. Global prevalence peaked at ages 75–79 years, at 18 820 (95% uncertainty interval 95% UI 13 770–24 000) cases per 100 000 population. Global age-standardised prevalence was stable between 1990 and 2017 (8791 95% UI 7772–9834 cases per 100 000 population in 1990 and 8819 7781–9863 cases per 100 000 population in 2017, percentage change 0·3% –0·3 to 0·9), but all-age prevalence increased by 18·1% (15·6–20·4) between 1990 and 2017, from 7859 (6905–8851) cases per 100 000 population in 1990 to 9283 (8189–10 400) cases per 100 000 population in 2017. YLDs increased by 67·1% (95% UI 63·5–70·3) between 1990 and 2017, from 3·60 million (1·93–6·12) in 1990 to 6·01 million (3·22–10·19) in 2017.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is common worldwide, although less so in much of eastern Asia. The stability of our global age-standardised prevalence estimates over time suggests that the epidemiology of the disease has not changed, but the estimates of all-age prevalence and YLDs, which increased between 1990 and 2017, suggest that the burden of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is nonetheless increasing as a result of ageing and population growth.
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Bone fractures are a global public health issue; however, to date, no comprehensive study of their incidence and burden has been done. We aimed to measure the global, regional, and national ...incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) of fractures from 1990 to 2019.
Using the framework of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we compared numbers and age-standardised rates of global incidence, prevalence, and YLDs of fractures across the 21 GBD regions and 204 countries and territories, by age, sex, and year, from 1990 to 2019. We report estimates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).
Globally, in 2019, there were 178 million (95% UI 162–196) new fractures (an increase of 33·4% 30·1–37·0 since 1990), 455 million (428–484) prevalent cases of acute or long-term symptoms of a fracture (an increase of 70·1% 67·5–72·5 since 1990), and 25·8 million (17·8–35·8) YLDs (an increase of 65·3% 62·4–68·0 since 1990). The age-standardised rates of fractures in 2019 were 2296·2 incident cases (2091·1–2529·5) per 100 000 population (a decrease of 9·6% 8·1–11·1 since 1990), 5614·3 prevalent cases (5286·1–5977·5) per 100 000 population (a decrease of 6·7% 5·7–7·6 since 1990), and 319·0 YLDs (220·1–442·5) per 100 000 population (a decrease of 8·4% 7·2–9·5 since 1990). Lower leg fractures of the patella, tibia or fibula, or ankle were the most common and burdensome fracture in 2019, with an age-standardised incidence rate of 419·9 cases (345·8–512·0) per 100 000 population and an age-standardised rate of YLDs of 190·4 (125·0–276·9) per 100 000 population. In 2019, age-specific rates of fracture incidence were highest in the oldest age groups, with, for instance, 15 381·5 incident cases (11 245·3–20 651·9) per 100 000 population in those aged 95 years and older.
The global age-standardised rates of incidence, prevalence, and YLDs for fractures decreased slightly from 1990 to 2019, but the absolute counts increased substantially. Older people have a particularly high risk of fractures, and more widespread injury-prevention efforts and access to screening and treatment of osteoporosis for older individuals should help to reduce the overall burden.
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
This study was conducted to develop an instructional programme on sickle cell anaemia (SCA) and test the effect of the programme on the secondary school students’ knowledge of and attitude towards ...sickle cell anaemia in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. A pretest/posttest one-arm interventional study was conducted at the Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, with a convenience sample of 120 male students. The intervention consisted of two interactive sessions about sickle cell anaemia and premarital screening. The mean student knowledge score was 6.04 ± 3.02 on the pretest, which improved to 10.73 ± 3.47 on the posttest, with a statistically significant difference (t = 15.2, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the responses pertaining to attitude before and after the health education intervention. The policy implications of these findings are discussed to improve the performance of the Saudi healthcare system in dealing with this costly inherited disease.
Background: Self-medication or self-care is regarded as an unhealthy practice. However, it is widely accepted and practiced in the low and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to scarcity of health ...resources.
Objectives: To assess the prevalence and practice of self-medication among university students in Pakistan through online resources.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2017 and August 2017 by involving 991 university students. A questionnaire was administered to obtain data.
Results: The majority 85.9% (852/991) of the respondents knew aboutonline medicines and their uses of self-medication. Overall, 68% (674/991) of them have to travel long-distances to access essential health services. Nearly half (41.7%) of the respondents procured drugs through the online sources, while only 15.6% of them obtained through pharmacies.
Conclusions: The rampant irrational use of drugs without medical guidance could contribute to adverse consequences viz.; the emergence of multi-drug resistance, adverse drug reactions, drug interactions etc. Strict regulations must be enforced to limit public access to online-drugs by the law-enforcement agencies.
Background: TB is the number one killer infectious disease in developing countries. In 1990 World Health Organization (WHO) report on the Global Burden of Disease ranked TB as the seventh most ...morbidity-causing disease in the world and expected it to continue in the same position up to 20201. DOTS as the most systematic and cost-effective approach to revitalize the TB control programme in India has been formulated.Non adherence is found to be the major problem in DOTS therapy. Objectives:1)To study the socio-demographic factors of the study population. 2) To compare reasons for non-adherence/non compliance to DOTS in Tribal TB unit (TU) of Dhammapeta and TB unit (TU) of Nandigama (rural TB unit). Study design: The present study is an observational, prospective and community based study. Study population: All newly diagnosed sputum smear positive TB cases under DOTS- Strategy were selected The study population consisted of 174 in rural area and 107 in tribal area. Study period: The study was conducted from 01.04.2006 to 31.04.2007 (including follow-up). Results: In the age group of 15-49 years, the treatment interruption was more in the tribal area (70.73%) when compared to rural area (64.96%). In rural areas the most common factors for non adherence is adverse effects (40.24%), lack of personal interest (31.70%) followed by work load (30.48%).In tribal area the most common factors for non adherence is adverse effects (37.60%), work load (25.64%) followed by lack of personal interest (24.78%). Conclusion: the present RNTCP should develop Information, Education, and Communication package for the target group of patients.
Background: Adolescence is the tender and vital period in the life of a person. It is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from ...puberty to legal adulthood. Nutrition is the prime requirement of the adolescents for their physical and mental growth. The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional status of the primary school going children in Jazan, KSA and to analyze the association of nutrition status with academic performance of school going children in Jazan, KSA. Methods: This study involved 4 schools chosen randomly from the government schools of Jazan. 7th and 8th class children were considered for the study. Required ethical approval bearing reference number 28943 dated 20/6/1440 was taken from the Institutional ethical committee. Study sample: 200 collection of the data: data collected from the schools of Jazan selected randomly in the school working hours.Results: 60% of the sample is in the age group 17-18 years. 30% of the sample were having more than 5 siblings. 16% of the parents were illiterates. The proportion of students taking milk products more than 3 times in the week (79.1%) were found to be performing well in the schools than the students consuming less than 3 days week. Strong association was found between performance of the students and parent’s education as the educated parents’ children were performing well.Conclusions: Good nutrition for the growing kids was found to be associated with academic performance of the students.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the year 2008 among 174 children in observation homes in Hyderabad, India, to estimate the distribution of inhalant (whitener) use among this population. Data ...were collected using an instrument developed for this purpose. About 61% of the children were boys and their mean age was 12.2 years (range 5-18 years). Whitener use was found in 35% of the children along with concurrent use of other substances. Peer pressure was the commonest cause reported for initiating substance use. The high prevalence is an important concern for the Indian policymakers given the large number of street children in Indian cities.
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