Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest form of heterogeneous brain cancer. It affects an enormous number of patients every year and the survival is approximately 8 to 15 months. GBM ...has driven by complex signaling pathways and considered as a most challenging to treat. Standard treatment of GBM includes surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and also the combined treatment. This review article described inter and intra- tumor heterogeneity of GMB. In addition, recent chemotherapeutic agents, with their mechanism of action have been defined. FDA-approved drugs also been focused over here and most importantly highlighting some natural and synthetic and novel anti- glioma agents, that are the main focus of researchers nowadays.
Perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) have emerged as a promising class of luminescent materials offering size and composition-tunable luminescence with high efficiency and color purity in the visible ...range. PeNCs doped with Yb3+ ions, known for their near-infrared (NIR) emission properties, have gained significant attention due to their potential applications. However, these materials still face challenges with weak NIR electroluminescence (EL) emission and low external quantum efficiency (EQE), primarily due to undesired resonance energy transfer (RET) occurring between the host and Yb3+ ions, which adversely affects their emission efficiency and device performance. Herein, we report the synergistic enhancement of NIR emission in a CsPbCl3 host through co-doping with Yb3+/Nd3+ ions for perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs). The co-doping of Yb3+/Nd3+ ions in a CsPbCl3 host resulted in enhanced NIR emission above 1000 nm, which is highly desirable for NIR optoelectronic applications. This cooperative energy transfer between Yb3+ and Nd3+ can enhance the overall efficiency of energy conversion. Furthermore, the PeLEDs incorporating the co-doped CsPbCl3/Yb3+/Nd3+ PeNCs as an emitting layer exhibited significantly enhanced NIR EL compared to the single doped PeLEDs. The optimized co-doped PeLEDs showed improved device performance, including increased EQE of 6.2% at 1035 nm wavelength and low turn-on voltage. Our findings highlight the potential of co-doping with Yb3+ and Nd3+ ions as a strategy for achieving synergistic enhancement of NIR emission in CsPbCl3 perovskite materials, which could pave the way for the development of highly efficient perovskite LEDs for NIR optoelectronic applications.
A novel multi-functional fluorescence nanosensor was developed by introducing carboxyl groups into graphitic carbon nitride. This oxidized graphitic carbon nitride nanoparticles (nano-CNO), which ...display enhanced fluorescence and water-solubility, exhibited sensitive and selective recognition of iodides and chromium(
vi
), with a limit of detection (LOD) as 12.4 and 9.6 nM, respectively. In the nano-CNO system containing iodides, the reversible quenching effect, switched by an acid-base reaction, was attributed to the hydrogen bonds established between the I
−
ions and the carboxyl groups of the nano-CNO, in conjunction with the effect of the heavy I
−
ion. This "on-off-on" nanosensor for I
−
(created by introducing no metal ions at all) is promising for potential use in applications in the field of biosensors. The mechanism of highly sensitive probe for Cr(
vi
) depends on inner filter effect (IFE) and collision quenching, which can also be turned on though the reduction of Cr(
vi
) by ascorbic acid (AA). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations shed light on the mechanism of the enhanced fluorescence intensity of nano-CNO and on the mechanism for detecting iodides.
The nano-CNO with enhanced fluorescence exhibited sensitive and selective recognition of iodides, chromium(
vi
), which is promising for biosensing.
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Tambulin, a flavonol isolated from Zanthoxylum armatum, showed potent insulin secretory activity in our preliminary anti-diabetic screening. Here, we explored the insulin secretory ...mechanism(s) of tambulin focusing in glucose-dependent, KATP ‒ and Ca2+‒channels dependent, and cAMP-PKA pathways. Mice islets and MIN6 cells were incubated with tambulin in the presence of pharmacological agonists/antagonists and the secreted insulin was measured using mouse insulin ELISA kit. The intracellular cAMP was measured by an acetylation cAMP ELISA kit. Tambulin (200 μM) showed potent insulin secretory activity only at stimulatory glucose (11–25 mM) concentrations; however, no change in insulin release was observed at basal glucose both in mice islets and MIN6 cells. Notably, in the presence of diazoxide, a KATP channel opener; the incomplete inhibition of tambulin-induced insulin secretion was observed whereas, complete inhibition was found using verapamil, an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker. Furthermore, the insulinotropic potential of tambulin was amplified in tolbutamide treated, and depolarized islets suggest tambulin’s target other than tolbutamide. Tambulin showed no additive effect in the IBMX-induced intracellular cAMP; whereas, exerted an additive effect in the IBMX-induced insulin secretion. Furthermore, tambulin-induced insulin secretion was dramatically inhibited by PKA inhibitor (H-89), while moderate inhibition was found by using PKC inhibitor (calphostin C). Molecular docking studies also showed the best binding affinities of tambulin with PKA suggest the PKA dependent signaling cascade is involved more in tambulin-induced insulin secretion. Based on these findings, it is concluded that tambulin stimulates insulin secretion in a Ca2+ channel-dependent but KATP channel-independent manner, most likely by activating the cAMP-PKA pathway.
Cocatalysts play a critical role in the activity and stability of photocatalytic systems. Currently, efficient cocatalysts mainly comprise of expensive noble metals. Herein we report a composite ...photocatalyst consisting of CdS nanorods (NRs) and noble-metal-free cocatalyst NiSe, which efficiently enhances the hydrogen production activity of CdS NRs under visible light. NiSe was synthesized through a facile aqueous solution method and CdS/NiSe NRs composites were prepared by in situ deposition of NiSe on CdS NRs. This provides increased contact between cocatalyst and photosensitizer leading to enhanced electron transfer at the interface of NiSe and CdS. The current photocatalytic system gave the highest hydrogen evolution rate of 340 µmol h
under optimal conditions. The enhanced stability of the system was observed for 30 h of irradiation resulting in 14 mmol of hydrogen evolution. The highest AQY of 12% was observed using the 420 nm monochromatic light. In addition, CdS/NiSe NRs showed significant higher H
evolution rate than that of 1.0 wt% loaded CdS/Pt NRs proving NiSe as highly efficient cocatalyst. Photoluminescence spectra and the photocurrent response were used to confirm the efficient charge transfer at the interface of NiSe and CdS nanorods. The work presented here demonstrates the successful use of an inexpensive, non-noble-metal cocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production.
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Cocatalysts play a critical role in the activity and stability of photocatalytic systems. Currently, efficient cocatalysts mainly comprise of expensive noble metals. Herein we report ...a composite photocatalyst consisting of CdS nanorods (NRs) and noble-metal-free cocatalyst NiSe, which efficiently enhances the hydrogen production activity of CdS NRs under visible light. NiSe was synthesized through a facile aqueous solution method and CdS/NiSe NRs composites were prepared by in situ deposition of NiSe on CdS NRs. This provides increased contact between cocatalyst and photosensitizer leading to enhanced electron transfer at the interface of NiSe and CdS. The current photocatalytic system gave the highest hydrogen evolution rate of 340 µmol h−1 under optimal conditions. The enhanced stability of the system was observed for 30 h of irradiation resulting in 14 mmol of hydrogen evolution. The highest AQY of 12% was observed using the 420 nm monochromatic light. In addition, CdS/NiSe NRs showed significant higher H2 evolution rate than that of 1.0 wt% loaded CdS/Pt NRs proving NiSe as highly efficient cocatalyst. Photoluminescence spectra and the photocurrent response were used to confirm the efficient charge transfer at the interface of NiSe and CdS nanorods. The work presented here demonstrates the successful use of an inexpensive, non-noble-metal cocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Self-cleaning materials have attracted immense commercial and academic interests in recent years. A major challenge is the scalable and cost-effective fabrication of three-dimensional bulk materials ...with remarkable self-cleaning and a desirable combination of tailored porosity, robust superhydrophobicity, excellent mechanical strength, heat insulation, and sound absorption ability. Here, self-cleaning concrete was achieved in one step through the combination of the liquid template pore formation and in situ bulk hydrophobic modification. The concrete exhibited superhydrophobicity with a high water contact angle of 166° both on the surface and inside of the sample, which qualified the sample with remarkable stain repellency and long-term stability. The water contact angle remained unchanged under continuous mechanical grinding and harsh environments, such as high temperature (450 °C in air and 650 °C in Ar) and chemical erosion. The concrete with a controllable porosity from 56.3 to 77.4% and homogeneous small pore size (∼15 μm) exhibited high compressive strength and low thermal conductivity. Furthermore, high sound absorption capacity (97%, 500 Hz) at a vibration frequency from 400 to 600 Hz was realized. With these excellent performances and characteristics and easy scalable fabrication, the concrete prepared in this work possessed a wide application prospect.
•Efficient use of phosphors in non-contact optical thermometry applications.•The approach of fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of two thermally coupled excited states.•The temperature sensing ...ability of ScVO4:2% Eu3+ phosphor for optical thermometry.•The highest value of the relative sensitivity reached 7.19% K-1 at 113 K which is higher than previously reported materials.
Lanthanides doped vanadate luminescence materials have gained a lot of attention for their use in non-contact optical thermometry, because of the advantages of non-intrusive and real-time temperature detection. The approach of fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of two thermally coupled excited states is the most promising approach but their performance in a lower temperature range is limited due to thermal decoupling among the two emitting levels with a wide energy gap. Thus, in this work, the temperature sensing ability of ScVO4:2% Eu3+ phosphor synthesized successfully through a high-temperature solid-state reaction has been explored by employing the ground state thermal coupling approach. Various experimental and theoretical approaches were used to check the structure and compositional stability of the synthesized ScVO4:2%Eu3+ phosphors host lattice. The temperature-dependent emission intensity of 5D0→7F4 has been measured under 616.3 nm excitation corresponding to 5D0→7F2 absorption, which shows the remarkable increasing behavior with rising of temperature ranging from 113 K to 323 K. The highest value of the relative sensitivity reached 7.19% K−1 at 113 K which is higher than previously reported materials. The obtained results reveal that ScVO4:2% Eu3+ phosphor is a promising candidate for non-contact optical thermometry.
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•TiO2@rGO nanohybrid was synthesized by a rapid microwave-assisted method.•Amino functionalized TiO2@rGO was successfully incorporated in TFN membrane.•Solvent channelization and ...super hydrophilicity of TiO2@rGO have improved nanofiltration performance.•Antifouling properties were improved with TiO2@rGO incorporation.
In this paper, graphene oxide based nanohybrids decorated with TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2@rGO) were synthesized and incorporated into the thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane for efficient organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) with antifouling properties. In order to improve the compatibility of TiO2@rGO in the polyamide active layer, the nanohybrids were amino-functionalized before their incorporation in the interfacial polymerization process. TiO2@rGO incorporated TFN membranes showed intense permeability increment and antifouling characteristics in comparison with the controlled composite membrane and graphene oxide (GO) incorporated TFN membrane. The GO nanosheets structure favors solvent channeling and TiO2 provides super hydrophilic characteristics, both resulted in a super permeable-hydrophilic OSN membrane with high structural stability and premium antifouling properties.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the factors for desiring the traditional bone setters in our community & their complications. METHODOLOGY: This retrospective study was conducted at Department of Orthopaedic ...Surgery & Traumatology, LUMHS Jamshoro from February 2018 to March 2020. Total 87 cases presented at Orthopaedic outpatient clinic after appearing Traditional Bone Setters. Age group from 06 to 81 years through musculoskeletal trauma existing with complications secondary to bonesetter’s treatment were included. Data was collected on predesigned proforma through record of department after approval from ERC. All the patients received traditional bone setter’s handling. The data was obtained & analyzed on SPSS version 21. RESULTS: Total 87 patients, 58(64.36%) were male & 29(33.33%) female M:F ratio 2:1. minimum age 6 years to maximum of 81 years. The mean age was 16.48±32 and 11 patients were under the age of 12 years. Regarding the level of education, 23(26.5%) were illiterate, 23(26.5%) had primary & 17(19.5%) secondary education, 24(27.5%) were graduate or with higher education. Common mode of injury was road traffic accidents reported in 69(79%), 17(19.5%) had history of falls and assaults in 3 (3.5%). Among them, 13(15%) farmers, 12(14%) businessmen, 11(12.6%) were students, 10(11.5%) Government employee, 9(10%) laborers, 8(9%) teachers, 7(8%) unemployed, 6(6.89%) housewives, 4(4.6%) doctors, 3(3.5%) female nurses, 2(2.3%) drivers, 2(2.3%) patients were male nurses. Regarding contact to bonesetter, patients went by themselves were 7(8%), 80(92%) patients were referred by different sources. CONCLUSION: It has been found that traditional bone setters in our community increase the rate of complications like mal-union, nonunion, and bone infections. Still people are being attracted to bone setters despite of all complications.
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