This paper presents a deep-learning-based classification model that aims to detect diverse pest infections in strawberry plants. The proposed model enables the timely identification of pest symptoms, ...allowing for prompt and effective pest management in smart farms. The present research employed an actual dataset of strawberry leaf images collected from a smart farm test bed. To expand the dataset, open data from sources such as Kaggle were utilized, while diseased leaf images were obtained through web crawling with the aid of the Python library. Subsequently, the expanded and added data were resized to a uniform size, and Pseudo-Labeling was implemented to ensure stable learning for both the training and test datasets. The RegNet and EfficientNet models were selected as the primary CNN-based image network models for repetitive learning, and ensemble learning was employed to enhance prediction accuracy. The proposed model is anticipated to facilitate the early identification and treatment of pests on strawberry leaves during the seedling period, a pivotal phase in smart farm development. Furthermore, it is expected to boost production in the agricultural industry and strengthen its competitive edge.
This study used a meta-analysis to gain a clearer understanding of the relationships between behavioral job search self-efficacy (JSSE) and its relevant variables. Study variables were selected based ...on the career self-management model of the social cognitive career theory, which comprehensively includes sources and outcomes of JSSE. In addition, moderators that reflect various sample characteristics and the studies' research designs were included to clarify the hitherto inconsistent results between JSSE and related variables. Based on the analysis on 80 independent samples from 74 articles, results showed that supports and proactive personality (—the antecedent variables) and emotional wellbeing (—the consequence variable) had consistently strong relations with JSSE. Moderator analyses showed that sample type (undergraduates, laidoff), cultural value (individualism, collectivism), length of unemployment (over 6 months, under 6 months), and research design (cross-sectional, longitudinal) moderated the links between JSSE and two consequence variables, job search action, and job-search-related outcome. These results indicate that it is important to consider the agents of job search, their job search contexts, and methodological issues in conducting future research and interventions. Implications of the results are discussed and future research and practice are considered.
•Meta-analyzed the job search self-efficacy based on the career self-management model•JSSE had notable relationships with proactive personality and contextual support.•JSSE had notable relationships with adaptive outcomes, anxiety, and life satisfaction.•Sample characteristics act as moderators between JSSE, search action, and employment.•Research design acts as a moderator between JSSE and job search action.
This paper presents a deep-learning-based system for classifying pig postures, aiming to improve the management of sustainable smart pigsties. The classification of pig postures is a crucial concern ...for researchers investigating pigsty environments and for on-site pigsty managers. To address this issue, we developed a comprehensive system framework for pig posture classification within a pigsty. We collected image datasets from an open data sharing site operated by a public organization and systematically conducted the following steps: object detection, data labeling, image preprocessing, model development, and training. These processes were carried out using the acquired datasets to ensure comprehensive and effective training for our pig posture classification system. Subsequently, we analyzed and discussed the classification results using techniques such as Grad-CAM. As a result of visual analysis through Grad-CAM, it is possible to identify image features when posture is correctly classified or misclassified in a pig image. By referring to these results, it is expected that the accuracy of pig posture classification can be further improved. Through this analysis and discussion, we can identify which features of pig postures in images need to be emphasized to improve the accuracy of pig posture classification. The findings of this study are anticipated to significantly improve the accuracy of pig posture classification. In practical applications, the proposed pig posture classification system holds the potential to promptly detect abnormal situations in pigsties, leading to prompt responses. Ultimately, this can greatly contribute to increased productivity in pigsty operations, fostering efficiency enhancements in pigsty management.
Grounded in Psychology of Working Theory (PWT), the current study investigated predictors of decent work among a sample of employed women (N = 528). A structural equation model was examined finding ...that women's experiences of marginalization, work volition, and career adaptability all directly predicted the attainment of decent work, and economic constraints and marginalization experiences indirectly predicted decent work via work volition. Additionally, workplace climate for women employees was examined as both a predictor and moderator variable to explore best positioning of this additive construct. Workplace climate did not significantly moderate any model paths; however, it was a unique predictor of work volition and decent work, suggesting that this construct may be better positioned as a predictor variable in understanding the work experiences of women. These results highlight the importance of further investigating the role of workplace climate in PWT as well as the need for refining our understanding of how marginalized employees achieve decent work. Implications of the present study's results are discussed.
Public Significance Statement
Experiences of marginalization and economic constraints impact women's ability to secure decent work. Workplace climate for women employees is also an important additive predictor of their sense of choice and attainment of decent work, emphasizing the need for further investigation into how workplace climate shapes the systemic oppression of women.
In physiological conditions, the intracellular chloride concentration is much lower than the extracellular. As GABAA channels are permeable to anions, the reversal potential of GABAA is very close to ...that of Cl−, which is the most abundant free anion in the intra- and extracellular spaces. Intracellular chloride is regulated by the activity ratio of NKCC1 and KCC2, two chloride-cation cotransporters that import and export Cl−, respectively. Due to the closeness between GABAA reversal potential and the value of the resting membrane potential in most neurons, small changes in intracellular chloride have a major functional impact, which makes GABAA a uniquely flexible signaling system. In most neurons of the adult brain, the GABAA reversal potential is slightly more negative than the resting membrane potential, which makes GABAA hyperpolarizing. Alterations in GABAA reversal potential are a common feature in numerous conditions as they are the consequence of an imbalance in the NKCC1-KCC2 activity ratio. In most conditions (including Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, and Down’s syndrome), GABAA becomes depolarizing, which causes network desynchronization and behavioral impairment. In other conditions (neonatal inflammation and neuropathic pain), however, GABAA reversal potential becomes hypernegative, which affects behavior through a potent circuit deactivation.
Recent trends in the labor market-marked by instability and insecurity-have further ignited a discourse on the significance of decent work in people's lives. Scholars have mostly studied the ...multidimensional decent work construct using the composite scores of the Decent Work Scale (DWS; Duffy et al., 2017). However, there may be different combinations of decent work beyond the simple continuum of composite scores. Thus, we employed latent profile analysis to identify profiles of decent work using the 5 subscales of the DWS as indicators. As a result, 5 different groups with distinct profiles emerged: (a) average, (b) low health care, (c) indecent work, (d) only health care, and (e) decent work. Subsequent analyses comparing each group on demographics (gender, employment, education), theoretical predictors (economic constraints, marginalization, work volition), and theoretical outcomes (job satisfaction, life satisfaction) revealed notable differences across the 5 groups. Implications, limitations, and future directions of the results are discussed.
Public Significance Statement
This study suggests that there are distinct subgroups of working adults in the United States concerning their attainment of decent work. Only 35% of the participants reported above-average scores on all five decent work components. Profile group membership was related to participants' demographics, psychological barriers and resources, and job and life satisfaction. The results highlight the importance of identifying subgroups from the larger population when studying decent work.
The goal of the current study was to examine longitudinal relations among predictors of decent work within Psychology of Working Theory (PWT). Data were collected from a large group of employed ...adults (N = 1540) at three-time points over six months. Multilevel modeling was used to test for the between and within-person effects of four predictor variables (economic constraints, marginalization experiences, work volition, career adaptability) on decent work. Significant between and within-person effects on decent work existed for all four predictor variables. However, within-person effects of economic constraints and marginalization on work volition and career adaptability were nonsignificant. These findings indicate that when considering sample level averages (between-person effects), theory consistent effects were found in connecting these variables across time. Work volition, in particular, was the most robust predictor of decent work and was the most robust mediator connecting economic constraints and marginalization experiences to decent work. When considering individual participant variability across time (within-person effects), it appears that changes from mean scores in structural and psychological factors both predict fluctuations in decent work. However, psychological factors do not mediate the effects of structural factors. Implications for research, practice, and theory are discussed.
This is the first known study to examine how specific variables may relate to the securement of decent work over time. Findings suggest that feeling a sense of choice in one's career is most predictive of viewing one's job as decent. However, changes in an individual's perception of economic constraints and marginalization may also affect perceptions of decent work.
•Examined longitudinal relations among predictors of decent work within Psychology of Working Theory (PWT)•Collected data from a large sample of working adults at three time points over a six-month period•Examined between and within effects on decent work using multilevel modeling•Theory consistent between person effects was confirmed, supporting the PWT model.•Within person effects were also significant, as change in predictor variables predicted change in decent work over time.
In the current study we gathered data from a large group of employed adults (N = 710) to examine the degree to which participants experienced their work as unique combinations of decent and ...meaningful. We applied latent profile analysis (LPA) to construct specific profiles according to how strongly participants endorsed five components of decent work and meaningful work. Seven different profiles emerged from our analyses which were labeled as a) Only healthcare, b) Unfulfilling, c) Highly meaningless, d) Adequate safety and rest, e) Adequate, f) Fulfilling, and g) Absent healthcare. We examined group differences amongst the profiles in terms of hypothesized predictor (economic constraints, marginalization experiences) and outcome (work-family conflict, intentions to quit) variables. Mixed support was found for the hypotheses, and profiles where participants did or did not have healthcare access at work were particularly unique in comparison to other profiles.
Drawing from a psychology of working perspective, the current study examined links between decent work and health among a sample (N = 497) of employed adults with an annual household income under ...$50,000. A theory driven mediation model was tested positioning decent work as a predictor of mental and physical health via need satisfaction at work. Decent work strongly predicted survival, social contribution, and self-determination need satisfaction. Regarding mental health, hypotheses were mainly supported as all three need satisfactions mediated the link of decent work to mental health. Regarding physical health, hypotheses were partially supported as only survival needs partially mediated this relation. Overall, findings suggest that securing decent work may promote increased mental health primarily because work is meeting individual needs and may promote physical health - in part - by helping meet survival needs. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
•Collected data diverse sample of employed adults (N = 497) with an annual household income under $50,000•Examined links between decent work, need satisfaction, and physical health grounded in Psychology of Working Theory•Decent work strongly predicted survival, social contribution, and self-determination need satisfaction.•All three need satisfactions fully mediated the link of decent work to mental health.•Survival needs satisfaction partially mediated the link between decent work and physical health.
Peptide and protein nanostructures with tunable structural features, multifunctionality, biocompatibility and biomolecular recognition capacity enable development of efficient targeted drug delivery ...tools for precision medicine applications. In this review article, we present various techniques employed for the synthesis and self‐assembly of peptides and proteins into nanostructures. We discuss design strategies utilized to enhance their stability, drug‐loading capacity, and controlled release properties, in addition to the mechanisms by which peptide nanostructures interact with target cells, including receptor‐mediated endocytosis and cell‐penetrating capabilities. We also explore the potential of peptide and protein nanostructures for precision medicine, focusing on applications in personalized therapies and disease‐specific targeting for diagnostics and therapeutics in diseases such as cancer.
Peptide nanostructures with tunable structural features, multifunctionality, biocompatibility and biomolecular recognition capacity enable development of targeted drug delivery tools for precision medicine applications. In this review article, we present various techniques employed for the synthesis and self‐assembly of peptides into nanostructures, design strategies utilized to enhance their stability, drug‐loading capacity, and controlled release, and applications in precision medicine.
