A driving method of pixel circuit using amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) is proposed to improve the image quality of active matrix light-emitting diode ...displays. The proposed pixel circuit employs a diode-connected structure to compensate for variation in threshold voltage (Vth) of the a-IGZO TFT. In addition, the proposed driving method adopts negative bias annealing to suppress the Vth shift. The annealing time is optimized based on the experimental observation of the minimum Vth shift. After a stress time of 30000 s, the measurement results show that the Vth shift is reduced by 29.6%, using an optimized annealing time of 5% of one frame time. In addition, the maximum deviation in the emission current using the proposed driving method was measured to be less than 4.32% after a stress time of 30 000 s.
Abstract Limited information is available regarding the association between preoperative lung function and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients with esophageal cancer who undergo ...esophagectomy. This is a retrospective cohort study. Patients were classified into low and high lung function groups by the cutoff of the lowest fifth quintile of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) %predicted (%pred) and diffusing capacity of the carbon monoxide (DLco) %pred. The PPCs compromised of atelectasis requiring bronchoscopic intervention, pneumonia, and acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. Modified multivariable-adjusted Poisson regression model using robust error variances and inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) were used to assess the relative risk (RR) for the PPCs. A joint effect model considered FEV 1 %pred and DLco %pred together for the estimation of RR for the PPCs. Of 810 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy, 159 (19.6%) developed PPCs. The adjusted RR for PPCs in the low FEV 1 group relative to high FEV 1 group was 1.48 (95% confidence interval CI = 1.09–2.00) and 1.98 (95% CI = 1.46–2.68) in the low DLco group relative to the high DLco group. A joint effect model showed adjusted RR of PPCs was highest in patients with low DLco and low FEV 1 followed by low DLco and high FEV 1 , high DLco and low FEV 1 , and high DLco and high FEV 1 (Reference). Results were consistent with the IPTW. Reduced preoperative lung function (FEV 1 and DLco) is associated with post-esophagectomy PPCs. The risk was further strengthened when both values decreased together.
Objectives
To define the roles of noncontrast magnetic resonance lymphangiography (MRL) in the management of postoperative chylothorax or cervical chylous leakage.
Methods
A total of 50 consecutive ...patients underwent noncontrast MRL, intranodal lymphangiography, and thoracic duct embolization between May 2016 and April 2020. Their mean age was 62.6 years ± 10.3 (SD) years, and 35 of the participants were men. Conventional lymphangiographic images were sufficient in quality as a reference for the evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of leakage and location in 35 patients (70%) and for evaluation of anatomic details of the thoracic duct and jugulovenous junction in 34 patients (68%).
Results
MRL showed that the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for leakage detection were 100%, 97.1%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, and the concordance rate was 97.14% (95% confidence interval CI, 85.08–99.93%;
p
<
.
001). Leakage location was concordant between MRL and conventional lymphangiography in 27 patients (77.1%, 27/35). Regarding anatomical details of the thoracic duct, variation of the thoracic duct was missed in 11.7% of patients (4/34). The jugulovenous junction was observed in 91.1% (31/34), and its opening into the central vein was depicted in 76.4% (26/34). The concordance rate was between 76.47 and 91.18.
Conclusions
Noncontrast MRL has a high sensitivity for the detection of postoperative thoracic and cervical chylous leakage but is suboptimal for the localization of the leak and depiction of anatomical details of the thoracic duct. This method is worthy of consideration as either a decision-making or planning tool for subsequent interventions.
Key Points
• Noncontrast MRL provides limited resolution images of CLS but has a high sensitivity for the detection of postoperative chylous leakage in the thoracic and neck regions.
• Noncontrast MRL is suboptimal for depicting anatomic details in the thoracic duct and jugulovenous junction but can play a role as a decision-making and a planning tool for subsequent lymphatic interventions.
Background
In esophageal cancer surgery, it is difficult to perform thorough dissection of lymph nodes along the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN-LN). However, there are limited data regarding the ...necessity of RLN-LN dissection in surgery for superficial esophageal squamous carcinoma (focused on T1b tumor) and its role in locoregional control and accurate nodal staging.
Methods
Between 2001 and 2016, 567 patients with pT1N0 and 927 patients with cT1N0 squamous cell carcinoma were identified in a prospectively maintained, single institution esophagectomy registry. Sufficient or insufficient RLN-LN assessment group was defined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the number of RLN-LN harvested. To mitigate bias, inverse probability weighting adjustment and several sensitivity analyses were performed.
Results
In the pT1N0 cohort, patients with sufficient (≥ 4) harvested RLN-LNs showed significantly superior 5-year recurrence-free survival (89.1% versus 74.8%, log-rank
P
< 0.001). Patients with insufficient RLN-LN dissection mainly developed locoregional failure at the upper mediastinal or cervical area (87% of total recurred cases). The survival impact of sufficient RLN-LN dissection was more prominent in subsets of upper-middle thoracic tumors or with deep submucosal invasion. In the analysis on cT1N0 cohort, sufficient RLN-LN assessment conferred a 1.5-fold increase in the discovery of positive-nodal disease (19.4% versus 27.8%,
P
= 0.008).
Conclusions
Adequate RLN-LN dissection during surgery may help reduce the risk of recurrence and enhance the accuracy of nodal staging in early-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, meticulous surgical evaluation for this region should not be underrated, particularly in the high-risk subset with lymph node metastasis.
Graphic Abstract
Visual Abstract
Graphical summary of key study findings. T wo cohorts (pT1 and cT1 ; both mainly comprised T1b ) were analyzed for separate purposes; the former controlled for pathologic stage was primarily analyzed in terms of survival and recurrence hazard, whereas the latter (controlled for clinical was used for stage migration ( and intention to treat analysis. Th e results show the significance of adequate bilateral RLN LN in the surgery for early stage ESCC (particularly those with T1b)T1b), in terms of accurate nodal staging, effective nodal clearance, and reduced regional.
Abstract Objective The utility of18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) scanning and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a staging workup for lung ...adenocarcinoma manifesting as pure ground glass opacity (GGO) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of these 2 tests for preoperative staging of pure GGO nodular lung adenocarcinoma. Methods The study included 164 patients (male:female, 73:91; mean age, 62 years) with pure GGO nodular lung adenocarcinoma who underwent PET/CT (in 136 patients) and/or brain MRI (in 109 patients) before surgery. Pathologic N staging and dedicated standard imaging or follow-up imaging findings for M staging were used as reference standards. The median follow-up time was 47.9 months. Results On PET/CT scan, abnormal FDG uptake of lymph nodes was found in 2 of 136 patients (1.5%); both were negative on final pathology. Abnormal FDG uptake of the liver was detected in 1 patient, which was also confirmed to be negative by dedicated abdominal CT. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of PET/CT in detecting metastases were not applicable, 98% (95% confidence interval CI, 94%-100%), 0% (95% CI, 0%-71%), 100% (95% CI, 97%-100%), and 98% (95% CI, 94%-100%), respectively. No brain metastasis was found in preoperative brain MRI of 109 patients. Of 109 patients, 1 (0.9%) developed brain metastasis 30 months after surgical resection. Conclusions PET/CT and brain MRI is not necessary in the staging of pure GGO nodular lung adenocarcinoma.
Dengue fever has been endemic in Paraguay since 2009 and is a major cause of public-health-management-related burdens. However, Paraguay still lacks information on the association between climate ...factors and dengue fever. We aimed to investigate the association between climatic factors and dengue fever in Asuncion. Cumulative dengue cases from January 2014 to December 2020 were extracted weekly, and new cases and incidence rates of dengue fever were calculated. Climate factor data were aggregated weekly, associations between dengue cases and climate factors were analyzed, and variables were selected to construct our model. A generalized additive model was used, and the best model was selected based on Akaike information criteria. Piecewise regression analyses were performed for non-linear climate factors. Wind and relative humidity were negatively associated with dengue cases, and minimum temperature was positively associated with dengue cases when the temperature was less than 21.3 °C and negatively associated with dengue when greater than 21.3 °C. Additional studies on dengue fever in Asuncion and other cities are needed to better understand dengue fever.
The roles of miRNAs in lung cancer have not yet been explored systematically at the genome scale despite their important regulatory functions. Here, we report an integrative analysis of miRNA and ...mRNA sequencing data for matched tumor–normal samples from 109 Korean female patients with non‐small‐cell lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We produced miRNA sequencing (miRNA‐Seq) and RNA‐Seq data for 48 patients and RNA‐Seq data for 61 additional patients. Subsequent differential expression analysis with stringent criteria yielded 44 miRNAs and 2322 genes. Integrative gene set analysis of the differentially expressed miRNAs and genes using miRNA–target information revealed several regulatory processes related to the cell cycle that were targeted by tumor suppressor miRNAs (TSmiR). We performed colony formation assays in A549 and NCI‐H460 cell lines to test the tumor‐suppressive activity of downregulated miRNAs in cancer and identified 7 novel TSmiRs (miR‐144‐5p, miR‐218‐1‐3p, miR‐223‐3p, miR‐27a‐5p, miR‐30a‐3p, miR‐30c‐2‐3p, miR‐338‐5p). Two miRNAs, miR‐30a‐3p and miR‐30c‐2‐3p, showed differential survival characteristics in the Tumor Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) LUAD patient cohort indicating their prognostic value. Finally, we identified a network cluster of miRNAs and target genes that could be responsible for cell cycle regulation. Our study not only provides a dataset of miRNA as well as mRNA sequencing from the matched tumor–normal samples, but also reports several novel TSmiRs that could potentially be developed into prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic RNA drugs.
Both miRNA and mRNA were sequenced for matched tumor–normal samples from 48 lung adenocarcinoma patients. Differential and miRNA target analyses followed by functional assays identified seven novel tumor suppressor miRNAs. We further propose a network module of cell cycle regulation underlying lung tumorigenesis and several candidate genes of prognostic value.
Global varicella vaccination programs Lee, Young Hwa; Choe, Young June; Lee, Jia ...
Clinical and experimental pediatrics,
12/2022, Letnik:
65, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Varicella (chickenpox) is an infectious disease caused by the highly contagious varicella zoster virus with a secondary attack rate greater than 90%. From this perspective, we aimed to establish the ...basis for a national varicella vaccine policy by reviewing vaccination programs and policies of countries that have introduced universal varicella vaccinations. As a result of the spread of varicella, an increasing number of countries are providing 2-dose vaccinations and universally expanding their use. In practice, the efficacy and effectiveness of vaccination differ among vaccines and vaccination programs. Optimized vaccination strategies based on each country's local epidemiology and health resources are required. Accordingly, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of varicella vaccines in different settings. Given the short-term and fragmented vaccine effectiveness evaluation in Korea, it is necessary to evaluate its effectiveness at the national level and determine its schedule based on the evidence generated through these studies.
Blockade of programmed death-1 (PD-1) reinvigorates exhausted CD8
T cells, resulting in tumor regression in cancer patients. Recently, reinvigoration of exhausted CD8
T cells following PD-1 blockade ...was shown to be CD28-dependent in mouse models. Herein, we examined the role of CD28 in anti-PD-1 antibody-induced human T cell reinvigoration using tumor-infiltrating CD8
T cells (CD8
TILs) obtained from non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Single-cell analysis demonstrated a distinct expression pattern of CD28 between mouse and human CD8
TILs. Furthermore, we found that human CD28
CD8
but not CD28
CD8
TILs responded to PD-1 blockade irrespective of B7/CD28 blockade, indicating that CD28 costimulation in human CD8
TILs is dispensable for PD-1 blockade-induced reinvigoration and that loss of CD28 expression serves as a marker of anti-PD-1 antibody-unresponsive CD8
TILs. Transcriptionally and phenotypically, PD-1 blockade-unresponsive human CD28
PD-1
CD8
TILs exhibited characteristics of terminally exhausted CD8
T cells with low TCF1 expression. Notably, CD28
PD-1
CD8
TILs had preserved machinery to respond to IL-15, and IL-15 treatment enhanced the proliferation of CD28
PD-1
CD8
TILs as well as CD28
PD-1
CD8
TILs. Taken together, these results show that loss of CD28 expression is a marker of PD-1 blockade-unresponsive human CD8
TILs with a TCF1
signature and provide mechanistic insights into combining IL-15 with anti-PD-1 antibodies.
Objectives To investigate the factors related to the successful computed tomography–guided nodule localization for subsequent nodule excision. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records ...for 181 patients who had undergone computed tomography–guided nodule localization using hook wire and subsequent video-assisted thoracic surgery resection for lung nodules. The demographic factors, nodule factors, and technical factors were reviewed to determine what affects effective nodule localization for video-assisted thoracic surgery resection using both univariate and multivariate models. Results A total of 174 patients were included in our study. Successful localization was accomplished in 166 patients (95%). Univariate analysis implicated patient age, nodule solidity, zonal location, and a sufficient distance between the hook wire tip and pleural surface as significant factors for successful localization. Multivariate analysis focused on the distance between the wire tip and pleural surface as the sole independent factor for successful localization ( P = .012). Conclusions The distance between the hook wire tip and pleural surface was the major significant factor for successful computed tomography–guided nodule localization for subsequent video-assisted thoracic surgery resection. Thus, the localization of a hook wire adjacent to a target nodule with sufficient depth from the pleural surface is crucial to the success of the procedure.
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