With the miniaturization of personal wearable electronics, considerable effort has been expended to develop high‐performance flexible/stretchable energy storage devices for powering integrated active ...devices. Supercapacitors can fulfill this role owing to their simple structures, high power density, and cyclic stability. Moreover, a high electrochemical performance can be achieved with flexible/stretchable supercapacitors, whose applications can be expanded through the introduction of additional novel functionalities. Here, recent advances in and future prospects for flexible/stretchable supercapacitors with innate functionalities are covered, including biodegradability, self‐healing, shape memory, energy harvesting, and electrochromic and temperature tolerance, which can contribute to reducing e‐waste, ensuring device integrity and performance, enabling device self‐charging following exposure to surrounding stimuli, displaying the charge status, and maintaining the performance under a wide range of temperatures. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of high‐performance all‐in‐one wearable systems with integrated functional supercapacitors for future practical application are discussed.
Flexible/stretchable supercapacitors can be the next energy storage device for wearable electronics with the introduction of additional functionalities including biodegradability, self‐healing, shape memory, energy harvesting, electrochromism, and temperature tolerance. These features can contribute to reducing e‐waste, ensuring device integrity and performance, enabling the device to self‐charge, displaying the charge status, and maintaining the performance under a wide range of temperatures.
This study reports on the fabrication of pressure/temperature/strain sensors and all‐solid‐state flexible supercapacitors using only polydimethylsiloxane coated microporous polypyrrole/graphene foam ...composite (PDMS/PPy/GF) as a common material. A dual‐mode sensor is designed with PDMS/PPy/GF, which measures pressure and temperature with the changes of current and voltage, respectively, without interference to each other. The fabricated dual‐mode sensor shows high sensitivity, fast response/recovery, and high durability during 10 000 cycles of pressure loading. The pressure is estimated using the thermoelectric voltage induced by simultaneous increase in temperature caused by a finger touch on the sensor. Additionally, a resistor‐type strain sensor fabricated using the same PDMS/PPy/GF could detect the strain up to 50%. Flexible, high performance supercapacitor used as a power supply is fabricated with electrodes of PPy/GF for its high surface area and pseudocapacitance. Furthermore, an integrated system of such fabricated multifunctional sensors and a supercapacitor on a skin‐attachable flexible substrate using liquid–metal interconnections operates well, whereas sensors are driven by the power of the supercapacitor. This study clearly demonstrates that the appropriate choice of a single functional material enables fabrication of active multifunctional sensors for pressure, temperature, and strain, as well as the supercapacitor, that could be used in wirelessly powered wearable devices.
High‐performance solid‐state supercapacitors and multifunctional sensors sensitive to pressure, temperature, and strain are fabricated using a single common active material of microporous polydimethylsiloxane coated microporous polypyrrole/graphene foam composite. Furthermore, these sensors could be wirelessly driven with the integrated supercapacitors on a single flexible and skin‐attachable substrate.
The issues over increases in energy demand and environmental pollution attributed to excessive use of fossil fuel have been the driving forces of the exploration for eco-friendly resource. ...Lignocellulosic biomass consisting of carbohydrates and lignin can be a renewable feedstock for replacing fossil fuels in the future because it is a plentiful and carbon neutral material. Especially, lignin, cross-linked phenolic polymers, is a topic of interest owing to its abundant production from pulp/paper industries as well as lignocellulose based biorefinery. The large potential of platform chemicals and biofuels from lignin has opened up an extensive range of opportunities to develop thermal and catalytic conversion technology. Over a few decades, several lignin conversion processes including catalytic pyrolysis, catalytic depolymerization, and catalytic oxidation have been developed to improve target products yields and to suppress side reactions. More recently, lignin-first approaches which maintain carbohydrates intact by selective extraction of lignin as valuable phenolics from whole biomass has been suggested. This review introduces recent ten years progress on thermal and catalytic conversion technology in terms of process type, catalyst development, and target products. This review is expected to offer an influential information for future research into the thermal and catalytic conversion of lignin as well as lignocellulosic feedstock.
•Recent discoveries in thermal and catalytic lignin conversion are introduced.•A proper conversion process should be considered depending on the lignin type.•Catalyst plays a decisive role in product distribution and selectivity in process.•The challenges and future perspective of each process is discussed.
Biomarkers of chondrosarcoma Jeong, Wonju; Kim, Ha-Jeong
Journal of clinical pathology,
07/2018, Letnik:
71, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Clinical outcome prediction is major concern to patients with cancer. Various molecular markers in various carcinomas have been identified in the past few decades. However, accurate predictors in ...chondrosarcoma have not been developed, even though chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary bone tumour. Chondrosarcoma is the cartilage-forming malignancy and shows a wide spectrum of clinicopathological behaviours. The majority of chondrosarcoma grows slowly and rarely metastasises, and adequate surgery leads to a good prognosis. However, wide surgical excision is acquired in high-grade chondrosarcoma, because this tumour is highly resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. To decide best therapy, accurate diagnostic markers are also necessary in chondrosarcoma. It is reported that angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis increase by chondrosarcoma staging, and they are promoted by leptin and adiponectin. Several microRNAs to regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and VEGF-C are also reported. Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase and periostin are proposed as new biomarkers for differential diagnosis of enchondroma and chondrosarcoma. This review summarises that chondrosarcoma diagnostic markers are currently reported.
The facile fabrication of thin and foldable self‐healing electronics on a poly(vinyl alcohol)/cellulose nanocrystal (PVA/CNC) composite film is reported. The self‐healing property of the PVA/CNC ...nanocomposite film can be activated by spraying water on the film surface, via dynamic formation of hydrogen bonding. The self‐healing efficiency of PVA/CNC is influenced by the content of CNC in the film, pH of the spraying solution, and the temperature. Via vacuum filtration and pattern transfer techniques, both a supercapacitor and a temperature sensor are fabricated on the same PVA/CNC film using gold nanosheet (AuNS) and polyaniline/multiwalled nanotube (PANI/MWCNT) electrodes. The fabricated supercapacitor with a gel‐type electrolyte exhibits a high electrochemical performance, and the thermoresistive temperature sensor shows a linear sensitivity with a fast response. Both devices exhibit superior mechanical stability and self‐healing property over 100 repetitive folding and five repetitive healing cycles, respectively, retaining the device performance owing to the percolated network of the conductive materials. This work demonstrates that our paper‐like thin PVA/CNC film‐based self‐healable devices can serve as highly durable and deformable electronics with longevity.
A paper‐like, thin, foldable, and self‐healable electronic based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/cellulose nanocrystal (PVA/CNC) nanocomposite film shows a water‐stimulated self‐healing property due to dynamic hydrogen bonding formation. A high‐performance planar supercapacitor and thermoresistive temperature sensor fabricated on the PVA/CNC substrate exhibits a high electrical self‐healing property after complete bisection as well as high mechanical stability under repetitive folding deformation.
A complete hydrodeoxygenation(HDO) of vanillin to yield cycloalkanes was performed using bifunctional Ru loaded HZSM-5 catalysts with different metal loadings (0.1, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 wt%) and Si/Al2 ...ratios (Si/Al2 = 23,300) in n-octane/water biphasic system. Both the reaction pathway and product distribution were influenced by the metal/acid balance of the catalysts. Higher metal/acid ratio promoted Caryl-C cleavage reaction, resulting in the increased yield of cyclohexane. Synergetic effect of metal and acid sites was observed in the bifunctional catalyst, attaining as high as 40-fold increase of metal efficiency in the ring hydrogenation reaction, compared to lone metal site catalyst. The effect of solvent composition was evaluated, revealing that the presence of water promoted the overall HDO reaction. By balancing metal/acid and introducing appropriate solvent system, efficient catalytic system that minimized carbon loss and improved metal efficiency for vanillin HDO was obtained.
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•HDO of vanillin as a model reaction of upgrading biowaste-derived bio-oil.•Reaction pathway of the complete HDO of vanillin to cycloalkane elucidated.•Metal acid balance within Ru/HZSM-5 catalyst determined the reaction pathway.•Synergetic effect of metal and acid was observed in the bifunctional catalyst.•Presence of water promoted the overall HDO reaction.
The acetylcholinesterase inhibitors donepezil and rivastigmine have been used as therapeutic drugs for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but their effects on LPS- and Aβ-induced neuroinflammatory responses ...and the underlying molecular pathways have not been studied in detail in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we found that 10 or 50 μM donepezil significantly decreased the LPS-induced increases in the mRNA levels of a number of proinflammatory cytokines in BV2 microglial cells, whereas 50 μM rivastigmine significantly diminished only LPS-stimulated IL-6 mRNA levels. In subsequent experiments in primary astrocytes, donepezil suppressed only LPS-stimulated iNOS mRNA levels. To identify the molecular mechanisms by which donepezil regulates LPS-induced neuroinflammation, we examined whether donepezil alters LPS-stimulated proinflammatory responses by modulating LPS-induced downstream signaling and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Importantly, we found that donepezil suppressed LPS-induced AKT/MAPK signaling, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and transcription factor NF-kB/STAT3 phosphorylation to reduce neuroinflammatory responses. In LPS-treated wild-type mice, a model of neuroinflammatory disease, donepezil significantly attenuated LPS-induced microglial activation, microglial density/morphology, and proinflammatory cytokine COX-2 and IL-6 levels. In a mouse model of AD (5xFAD mice), donepezil significantly reduced Aβ-induced microglial and astrocytic activation, density, and morphology. Taken together, our findings indicate that donepezil significantly downregulates LPS- and Aβ-evoked neuroinflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo and may be a therapeutic agent for neuroinflammation-associated diseases such as AD.
We report on the fabrication of all-solid-state flexible micro-supercapacitor (MSC) arrays with electrodes consisting of patterned multilayer graphene (MG) and functionalized multi-walled carbon ...nanotubes (MWNTs), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–H3PO4 gel electrolyte. The fabricated MSC exhibited areal capacitance of 2.54mF/cm2 at a scan rate of 10mV/s, which is ∼150 times higher than that of MSC with MG electrode. The areal energy and power density were also dramatically improved via using MG/MWNT electrodes. In addition, there was no deterioration of the electrical performance over repetitive convex and concave bending with a bending radius of 2.3mm. Furthermore, both the output voltage and the total capacitance of the MSC could be controlled via the serial or parallel connection of multiple planar-type MSCs to operate high-voltage light-emitting diodes.
Natural hazards such as earthquakes and typhoons pose a considerable threat to the power transmission grid. In regions prone to both hazards, the overhead transmission infrastructure may experience ...multi‐hazard effects where two consecutive hazards can occur within an interval shorter than the time that would be needed to repair the system for damages occurred in the first event. This consequently increases the susceptibility to damage during the subsequent hazard. In this context, this paper presents the first set of multi‐hazard fragility models for typhoons and earthquakes. The computational cost of numerical simulations for multi‐hazard analyses is high due to the complex nonlinear behavior of transmission towers, numerous sources of material and geometric uncertainty, and the multifaceted effects of multi‐hazard events. To tackle this challenge, we introduce a novel active learning approach for the probabilistic classification of physics‐based collapse data. An initial pool of labeled collapse data is generated by performing a limited number of nonlinear time history analyses on random realizations of a high‐fidelity finite element model of a common double circuit tower. A machine learning‐based extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) classification model is trained via the query by committee (QBC) for the task of predicting the probability of belonging to the class of collapse (i.e., probability of collapse). Active learning is established by leveraging the disagreement information between the learners and the query points are sequentially labeled and added to the initial pool of collapse/survival data. Using this approach, multi‐hazard typhoon and earthquake collapse fragility surfaces of transmission towers in different directions and sequences of hazards are developed. Results point to the significance of multi‐hazard effects on the fragility of transmission structures. They also reveal the efficacy of the introduced active learning approach in reducing the computational complexity of multi‐hazard fragility assessments. The fragility models developed in this study constitute a key step toward multi‐hazard resilience assessment and optimal management of the power transmission grid.
Purpose To compare the clinical and radiologic results of partial meniscectomy with those of refixation in patients with medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) at a minimum 5-year follow-up. ...Methods Between 2005 and 2009, patients with MMPRTs who had been followed up for at least 5 years after a partial meniscectomy (group M, n = 20) or pullout repair (group R, n = 37) were recruited. The mean follow-up duration was 67.5 months in group M and 72.0 months in group R. Clinical assessments, including the Lysholm score and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form score, and radiographic assessments, including the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade and medial joint space width, were evaluated preoperatively and at final follow-up. We compared the preoperative results with the final results in each group, and we compared the final results of groups M and R. Five-year survival rates were also evaluated. Results The mean Lysholm score ( P = .039) and IKDC score ( P = .037) improved significantly. However, the width of the medial joint space ( P < .001) and K-L grade ( P < .001) worsened significantly in both groups. When we compared the final results, group R had significantly better Lysholm scores ( P = .002) and IKDC scores ( P < .001) than group M. Group R showed less K-L grade progression ( P = .005) and less medial joint space narrowing ( P < .001) than group M. The rate of conversion to total knee arthroplasty was 35% in group M, whereas there was no conversion to total knee arthroplasty in group R. The 5-year survival rates in groups M and R were 75% and 100%, respectively ( P < .001). Conclusions For MMPRTs, refixation was more effective than partial meniscectomy in terms of the clinical and radiologic outcomes and survival for at least 5 years' follow-up. Refixation slowed the progression of arthritic changes compared with partial meniscectomy, although it did not prevent the progression of arthrosis completely. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative study.
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