Inkjet-printed InGaZnO thin film transistor Kim, Gun Hee; Kim, Hyun Soo; Shin, Hyun Soo ...
Thin solid films,
05/2009, Letnik:
517, Številka:
14
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
We report inkjet-printed InGaZnO (IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs). IGZO ink was prepared by dissolving indium nitrate hydrate, gallium nitrate hydrate and zinc acetate dihydrate into ...2-methoxyethanol with additional stabilizers. The resulting films were inkjet-printed with a resolution of 300 dots per inch using droplets with a diameter of 40 µm, and a volume of 35 pl. The films exhibited high optical transparency in the visible range and had a polycrystalline phase of InGaO
3(ZnO)
2 after thermal annealing treatment. The chemical composition of this IGZO sample was also determined, and shown to have high stoichiometric characteristics of low oxygen deficiency. The TFTs with a conventional inverted staggered structure using inkjet-printed IGZO as an active channel layer had a field-effect mobility of ~
0.03 cm
2/Vs in saturation region and an on-to-off current ratio greater than ~
10
4.
In this research, we exploited the deep learning framework to differentiate the distinctive types of lesions and nodules in breast acquired with ultrasound imaging. A biopsy-proven benchmarking ...dataset was built from 5151 patients cases containing a total of 7408 ultrasound breast images, representative of semi-automatically segmented lesions associated with masses. The dataset comprised 4254 benign and 3154 malignant lesions. The developed method includes histogram equalization, image cropping and margin augmentation. The GoogLeNet convolutionary neural network was trained to the database to differentiate benign and malignant tumors. The networks were trained on the data with augmentation and the data without augmentation. Both of them showed an area under the curve of over 0.9. The networks showed an accuracy of about 0.9 (90%), a sensitivity of 0.86 and a specificity of 0.96. Although target regions of interest (ROIs) were selected by radiologists, meaning that radiologists still have to point out the location of the ROI, the classification of malignant lesions showed promising results. If this method is used by radiologists in clinical situations it can classify malignant lesions in a short time and support the diagnosis of radiologists in discriminating malignant lesions. Therefore, the proposed method can work in tandem with human radiologists to improve performance, which is a fundamental purpose of computer-aided diagnosis.
Recent tragedies around the world have shown how accidents in the cable-stayed bridges can wreak havoc on the society. To ensure the safety of the cable-stayed bridges, several studies have estimated ...the cable tension force using the vibration of cables. Most of these methods for estimating the tension of a cable start with measuring the displacement of the cable. Recent development of commercial cameras provide opportunity for more convenient and efficient method for measuring the displacement of cable. However, traditional vision-based displacement measurement methods require the assumption that the movement of the cable should be measured in parallel to the camera plane. This assumption limits the installation location of the camera when measuring the displacement of a cable. Therefore, this study introduces a new vision-based cable displacement measurement system that can measure the displacement of a cable in various locations even when the camera is installed in the side of the cable. The proposed method consists of three phases: (1) camera projection matrix estimation, (2) cable tracking in the image coordinate, and (3) cable displacement estimation in the world coordinate. To validate the performance of the proposed method, a simulation-based validation test, a lab-scale validation test, and an on-site validation test were conducted. The simulation-based validation test verified the performance of the proposed method in an ideal condition, and the lab-scale validation test showed the performance of the method in physical environment. Finally, the on-site validation test showed that the proposed method can measure the cable displacement with a side view camera.
To delineate longitudinal changes in the optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary structure during myopia progression in childhood using spectral-domain (SD) OCT and to explore the factors associated ...with myopic ONH and peripapillary changes.
Prospective cohort study.
Twenty-three healthy children with myopia (46 eyes).
The participants underwent fundus photography, SD OCT, and axial length (AXL) measurements every 6 months for 2 years. Based on the morphologic changes of the ONH and β-zone parapapillary atrophy (PPA), eyes were classified as group A (ONH unchanged without β-zone PPA; 11 eyes), group B (ONH changed without β-zone PPA at baseline; 10 eyes), group C (ONH changed with β-zone PPA at baseline; 15 eyes), and group D (ONH unchanged with β-zone PPA; 10 eyes). The configuration of the border tissue (BT) at the temporal margin of the ONH was assessed, and the ONH parameters, including Bruch's membrane opening distance (BMOD), border length (BL), and BT angle (BTA), were measured on horizontal SD OCT scans.
Changes in ONH parameters and associated factors.
Group B showed the greatest AXL increase per year (group B > group C > group A = group D; P < 0.001). During the follow-up periods, the BT configuration initially was changed from internally oblique to externally oblique (group B) and was stretched, resulting in optic disc ovality and γ-zone PPA development (group C). In group C, BL was increased significantly nasally and BTA was decreased significantly, whereas BMOD remained stable (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.100, respectively). In the multivariate analysis using the generalized linear mixed-effect model, the changes of BL and BTA were associated with axial elongation (P = 0.028 and P = 0.010, respectively).
Development of myopic optic disc and γ-zone PPA during myopia progression was delineated using SD OCT images. During the ONH and peripapillary changes, the BL was increased nasally and the BTA was decreased, whereas the BMOD remained relatively stable. The association of axial elongation with ONH and peripapillary tissue changes may facilitate understanding of the relationship between myopia and glaucoma.
Acute β-adrenergic stimulation contributes to heart failure. Here, we investigated the role of p53 in isoproterenol (ISO)-mediated metabolic and oxidative stress effects on cardiomyocytes and ...explored the direct protective effects offered by the antioxidant nutraceutical curcumin. Differentiated H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes treated with ISO were assayed for glucose uptake, lactate release, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Survival was assessed by sulforhodamine B assays. Cardiomyocytes showed significantly decreased glucose uptake and lactate release, as well as increased cellular toxicity by ISO treatment. This was accompanied by marked dose-dependent increases of mitochondria-derived ROS. Scavenging with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) effectively lowered ROS levels, which completely recovered glycolytic metabolism and survival suppressed by ISO. Mechanistically, ISO reduced extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, whereas it upregulated p53 expression in an ROS-dependent manner. Silencing of p53 with siRNA blocked the ability of ISO to stimulate mitochondrial ROS and suppress glucose uptake, and partially recovered cell survival. Finally, curcumin completely reversed the metabolic and ROS-stimulating effects of ISO. Furthermore, curcumin improved survival of cardiomyocytes exposed to ISO. Thus, ISO suppresses cardiomyocyte glycolytic metabolism and survival by stimulating mitochondrial ROS in a p53-dependent manner. Furthermore, curcumin can efficiently rescue cardiomyocytes from these adverse effects.
Summary
Cables are among the most important structural components of cable‐stayed bridges; however, their vibrations due to the wind and vehicles significantly affect the serviceability of bridges. ...To overcome the expensive and time‐ and effort‐intensive installation of sensors in measuring cable vibrations, computer‐vision‐based displacement methods have been introduced. Even with the improved accuracy and convenience of vision‐based displacement methods, there are two main issues in their application in measuring cable vibrations: the manual selection of the region of interest (ROI) and loss of feature points using traditional tracking algorithms. To address these, this paper proposes a new specialized method to measure the structural displacement of cables. The proposed method automatically selects the ROI using a convolutional neural network and tracks the feature points in the cable more robustly using a modified Kanade–Lucas–Tomasi (KLT) algorithm. The automatic cable ROI selection network (Cable‐ROI Net) predicted the cable with an intersection over union of 89.59%. Meanwhile, modified KLT (Uni‐KLT) successfully measured the cable displacement with a root mean square error of 1.077 pixels, the conventional KLT failed to track the feature points. The on‐site validation test at a cable‐stayed bridge in Korea demonstrated the ability of the proposed method to automatically select the ROI and successfully measure the cable vibration for the entire duration of 30 min, whereas the traditional method required manual ROI selection and lost all feature points four times throughout the test. Therefore, the proposed method is expected to improve the current methods for measuring cable vibrations.
Putrescine and cadaverine are important volatile indicators for the evaluation of food spoilage. In this study, a metal-organic framework (MOF)-coated surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) paper ...platform for the detection of putrescine and cadaverine is developed. Au@ zeolite imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) SERS paper is fabricated by the coating of ZIF-8 layer on a Au nanoparticle-impregnated paper that is prepared by dry plasma reduction. The Au@ZIF-8 SERS paper is characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and N2 sorption isotherm. The ZIF-8 layer enables the accumulation of gaseous molecules and also provides enhancement of SERS signals. The fluorescence, SERS, and simulation results prove the improved detection ability of the Au@ZIF-8 platform for the volatile molecules. For the selective detection of putrescine and cadaverine, the Au@ZIF-8 SERS paper is functionalized with 4-mercatobenzaldehyde (4-MBA). The 4-MBA molecule acts as a Raman reporter and also a specific receptor for the volatile amine molecules. Using the intensity ratiometric detection of 4-MBA-functionalized Au@ZIF-8 SERS paper, putrescine and cadaverine are quantitatively detected with detection limits of 76.99 and 115.88 parts per billion, respectively. Furthermore, the detection of volatile amine molecules released from spoiled salmon, chicken, beef, and pork samples is demonstrated. It is anticipated that the MOF-coated SERS paper platforms will be applicable not only in food safety but other applications including disease diagnosis and environmental monitoring.
•MOF-coated SERS-active platform enables the detection of volatile amines from foodstuffs.•Putrescine and cadaverine are detected with high sensitivity and selectivity using Au@ZIF-8 SERS paper.•Au@ZIF-8 SERS paper is applied to the determination of food freshness for the first time.
To investigate the positional change of central retinal vasculature and vascular trunk to deduce the change in the lamina cribrosa (LC) during axial elongation.
Prospective cohort study.
Twenty-three ...healthy myopic children (46 eyes).
Participants had undergone a full ophthalmologic examination and axial length measurement every 6 months for 2 years. Using spectral-domain OCT, circle scans centered around the optic disc in the glaucoma progression analysis mode, which enabled capturing of the same positions throughout the entire study period, and enhanced depth imaging of the deep optic nerve head complex were performed. Infrared imaging of the circle scans was used to measure the changes in the angles between the first and final visits. The angle between the major superior and inferior retinal arteries was measured along the circle scan twice: from the center of the circle scan and from the central retinal vascular trunk, respectively. The positional change of the retinal vascular trunk also was measured.
Change in vascular angle and position of vascular trunk with axial elongation and associated factors.
The vascular angle measured from the center of the circle scan did not change (P = 0.247), whereas the angle measured from the central retinal arterial trunk decreased with axial elongation (P < 0.001). A generalized estimating equation analysis revealed that the factors associated with angle decrease were axial elongation (P = 0.004) and vascular trunk dragging (P < 0.001). The extent of vascular trunk dragging was associated with axial elongation (P < 0.001) and increased border length with marginal significance (P = 0.053), but the extent of dragging could not be explained fully by their combination. The major directionality of dragging was mostly to the nasal side of the optic disc, with large variations among participants.
During axial elongation, the retinal vasculature at the posterior pole was unchanged, whereas the position of the central vascular trunk was dragged nasally. Because the central retinal vascular trunk is embedded in the LC, its dragging indicates nasal shifting of the LC, which could explain the vulnerability of myopic eyes to glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
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