Display omitted
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) conjugated to trivalent GalNAc ligands show 10-fold enhanced potency for suppressing gene targets expressed in hepatocytes. Trivalent GalNAc is a ...high affinity ligand for the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGR)—a C-type lectin expressed almost exclusively on hepatocytes in the liver. In this communication, we show that conjugation of two and even one GalNAc sugar to single stranded chemically modified ASOs can enhance potency 5–10 fold in mice. Evaluation of the mono- and di-GalNAc ASO conjugates in an ASGR binding assay suggested that chemical features of the ASO enhance binding to the receptor and provide a rationale for the enhanced potency.
The ss-siRNA activity in vivo requires a metabolically stable 5'-phosphate analog. In this report we used crystal structure of the 5'-phosphate binding pocket of Ago-2 bound with guide strand to ...design and synthesize ss-siRNAs containing various 5'-phosphate analogs. Our results indicate that the electronic and spatial orientation of the 5'-phosphate analog was critical for ss-siRNA activity. Chemically modified ss-siRNA targeting human apoC III mRNA demonstrated good potency for inhibiting ApoC III mRNA and protein in transgenic mice. Moreover, ApoC III ss-siRNAs were able to reduce the triglyceride and LDL cholesterol in transgenic mice demonstrating pharmacological effect of ss-siRNA. Our study provides guidance to develop surrogate phosphate analog for ss-siRNA and demonstrates that ss-siRNA provides an alternative strategy for therapeutic gene silencing.
We have recently shown that combining the structural elements of 2′O-methoxyethyl (MOE) and locked nucleic acid (LNA) nucleosides yielded a series of nucleoside modifications (cMOE, 2′,4′-constrained ...MOE; cEt, 2′,4′-constrained ethyl) that display improved potency over MOE and an improved therapeutic index relative to that of LNA antisense oligonucleotides. In this report we present details regarding the synthesis of the cMOE and cEt nucleoside phosphoramidites and the biophysical evaluation of oligonucleotides containing these nucleoside modifications. The synthesis of the cMOE and cEt nucleoside phosphoramidites was efficiently accomplished starting from inexpensive commercially available diacetone allofuranose. The synthesis features the use of a seldom used 2-naphthylmethyl protecting group that provides crystalline intermediates during the synthesis and can be cleanly deprotected under mild conditions. The synthesis was greatly facilitated by the crystallinity of a key mono-TBDPS-protected diol intermediate. In the case of the cEt nucleosides, the introduction of the methyl group in either configuration was accomplished in a stereoselective manner. Ring closure of the 2′-hydroxyl group onto a secondary mesylate leaving group with clean inversion of stereochemistry was achieved under surprisingly mild conditions. For the S-cEt modification, the synthesis of all four (thymine, 5-methylcytosine, adenine, and guanine) nucleobase-modified phosphoramidites was accomplished on a multigram scale. Biophysical evaluation of the cMOE- and cEt-containing oligonucleotides revealed that they possess hybridization and mismatch discrimination attributes similar to those of LNA but greatly improved resistance to exonuclease digestion.
Display omitted
•GalNAc conjugation improved potency of 2′-O-methyl Gapmer ASO 10-fold.•Potency of FHNA Gapmer ASO improved 14-fold by GalNAc conjugation.•LNA and cEt BNA ASO GalNAc conjugates showed ...similar activity in mice liver.•GalNAc conjugation improved activity of ASOs designed to correct pre-mRNA splicing.
The potency of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drugs has significantly improved in the clinic after exploiting asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGR) mediated delivery to hepatocytes. To further this technology, we evaluated the structure–activity relationships of oligonucleotide chemistry on in vivo potency of GalNAc-conjugated Gapmer ASOs. GalNAc conjugation improved potency of ASOs containing 2′-O-methyl (2′-O-Me), 3′-fluoro hexitol nucleic acid (FHNA), locked nucleic acid (LNA), and constrained ethyl bicyclo nucleic acid (cEt BNA) 10–20-fold compared to unconjugated ASOs. We further demonstrate that GalNAc conjugation improves activity of 2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl) (2′-O-MOE) and Morpholino ASOs designed to correct splicing of survival motor neuron (SMN2) pre-mRNA in liver after subcutaneous administration. GalNAc modification thus represents a viable strategy for enhancing potency of ASO with diverse nucleic acid modifications and mechanisms of action for targets expressed in hepatocytes.
We recently reported that (
)-5'-vinylphosphonate (5'-VP) is a metabolically-stable phosphate mimic for siRNA and demonstrated that 5'-VP improves the potency of the fully modified siRNAs in vivo. ...Here, we report an alternative synthesis of 5'-VP modified guide strand using
-pivaloyl-2-thioethyl (
Bu-SATE) protecting group. The
Bu-SATE group is readily removed during the final cleavage of the oligonucleotide from the solid support and providing a more convenient route for the synthesis of siRNA guide strand carrying a 5'-vinylphosphonate.
Display omitted
A convenient solid-phase synthetic method was developed for assembling a triantennary N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) cluster on the 5′-end of antisense oligonucleotide using ...phosphoramidite chemistry. Conjugation of the 5′-triantennary GalNAc cluster improved potency of the 14 mer ASO 7-fold in mice and more than 50 fold in hepatocytes. The synthetic approach described in this Letter simplifies the synthesis of 5′-triantennary GalNAc cluster conjugated ASOs and helps understand the structure–activity relationship for targeting hepatocytes with oligonucleotide therapeutics.
Display omitted
A convenient method for the synthesis of several triantennary GalNAc clusters based on a nitromethanetrispropionic acid core was developed. The synthetic approach involves ...pentafluorophenolic ester intermediates which can be used in a one-pot, seven reaction procedure to quickly prepare a variety of triantennary GalNAc conjugated ASOs. The GalNAc clusters were conjugated to the 5′-end of an antisense oligonucleotide and evaluated for activity in primary mouse hepatocytes where they showed ∼10-fold improvement in activity.
Collagen Mimetic Dendrimers Kinberger, Garth A; Cai, Weibo; Goodman, Murray
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
12/2002, Letnik:
124, Številka:
51
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The synthesis of single-chain, scaffold (TRIS)- and dendrimer-assembled collagen mimetics (both Gly-Pro-Nleu and Gly-Nleu-Pro sequences) is reported. From the CD spectra and the thermal denaturation ...studies it can be readily seen that mimetics prepared from the Gly-Nleu-Pro sequence form more thermally stable triple helices than the Gly-Pro-Nleu sequence. Furthermore, the 162-residue collagen mimetic dendrimers exhibit enhanced triple helical stability compared to equivalent scaffold-terminated structures by a substantial increase in the melting temperature in H2O and 2:1 EG/H2O. The concentration dependence for the melting transition was measured which determined that the stabilization effect arises from the intramolecular clustering of the triple helical arrays about the core structure. This ensemble excludes solvent from the interior portion of the array which stabilizes the triple helical bundle.
The synthesis and characterization of a collagen mimetic dendrimer composed of the Gly-Pro-Nleu sequence is described. The dendrimer is built on a ‘first generation’ poly(amidoamine) core and is ...synthesized in 38% yield. This dendrimer exhibits a melting temperature of 25
°C, which is in between previously studied analogous molecules of identical sequence and length.
The synthesis and characterization of a collagen mimetic dendrimer composed of Gly-Pro-Nleu sequence is described. The dendrimer is built on a lsquofirst generationrsquo poly(amidoamine) core and is synthesized in 38% yield. This dendrimer exhibits a melting temperature of 25 degC, which is in between previously studied analogous molecules of identicalsequence and length.
Display omitted
PDF
