Characterization of the Hamamatsu R11780 12 in. photomultiplier tube Brack, J.; Delgado, B.; Dhooghe, J. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
06/2013, Letnik:
712, Številka:
C
Journal Article
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Future large water Cherenkov and scintillator detectors have been proposed for measurements of long baseline neutrino oscillations, proton decay, supernova and solar neutrinos. To ensure ...cost-effectiveness and optimize scientific reach, one of the critical requirements for such detectors are large-area, high performance photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). One candidate for such a device is the Hamamatsu R11780, a 12 in. PMT that is available in both standard and high quantum efficiency versions. Measurements of the single photoelectron response characteristics, relative efficiencies of the standard and high quantum efficiency versions, a preliminary measurement of the absolute quantum efficiency of the standard quantum efficiency version, and a two-dimensional scan of the relative efficiency across the photocathode surface are presented in this paper. All single photoelectron investigations were made using a Cherenkov light source at room temperature at a gain of 1×107. These results show that the R11780 PMT is an excellent candidate for such large optical detectors.
Background: Members of the trauma team often find themselves in a uniquely challenging position wherein their role on the care team may necessitate developing a working relationship with alleged or ...confirmed perpetrators of abuse. Case Presentation: A 9-week-old admitted to the hospital with hyponatremia and evaluation for suspected child physical abuse. Specific details of the case were a barrier to communication and interactions between the patient's mother and the trauma nurse. This report will provide a discussion of takeaway lessons to support communication with this patient population. Conclusion: Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations is utilized as a framework for engaging in therapeutic communication with a family that is part of a child protective services evaluation. The mnemonic, A-TEAM ( A ware, T ransparent, E mpathetic, A nonjudgmental approach, and M anaged by an interprofessional team), is introduced as a strategy for trauma nurses and other health care team members to engage in therapeutic communication with a family that is part of a child protective services evaluation during their admission.
This article aims at analyzing the linguistic aspect of ethnicity from the perspective of anthropological linguistics (Fedorak 2017). We interpret an ethnic stereotype as an idealized cognitive model ...(ICM) consisting of metonymic submodels containing properties stereotypically attributed to a given ethnic group. Each of the subset models can serve as a basis for creating an attributive ethnonym, i.e. an ethnic name that refers to a particular attribute assigned to the target group. Although contemporary attributive ethnonyms are mostly seen as dysphemisms, it is ultimately context—taking into account situational, social and cultural determinants—that determines their axiological charge.
We present a method to measure the relative spectral response of the Pierre Auger Observatory Fluorescence Detector. The calibration was done at wavelengths of 320, 337, 355, 380 and 405
nm using an ...end-to-end technique in which the response of all detector components are combined in a single measurement. A xenon flasher and notch-filters were used as the light source for the calibration device. The overall uncertainty is 5%.
•Changes of CAA matrix nodes density between 40 to 100mm does not influence accuracy of machine strongly.•LaserTracer can map standard CMMs almost two times faster than classical interferometer.•The ...resulting accuracy of machine correction is comparable for these two systems.•LaserTracer is insufficient to determine geometric errors of high accuracy CMMs.
Advances in modern manufacturing techniques increase production efficiency but, at the same time, present new tasks and challenges for coordinate metrology and the manufacturers of Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs). The main goal of current research efforts is improving measurement accuracy. Seeing as many of the possible solutions regarding CMM construction had already been explored, there seems to be little left for improvement in that field. Further efforts at accuracy improvement rely mostly on using sophisticated mathematical algorithms designed to correct relevant errors. Many types of errors could be compensated using this approach, including: probe head errors, machine dynamics errors and, most importantly, machine geometrical errors. Almost all coordinate measuring machines produced nowadays are equipped with geometrical errors compensation matrix known as the CAA matrix (Computer Aided Accuracy).
CAA matrices are based on a grid of reference points (nodes) in which certain values of the components of geometrical errors are determined experimentally. The error values between the nodes are estimated using simple interpolation methods. Theoretically, a higher density of reference points on the grid describing the CAA matrix should improve the accuracy of the machine utilizing the matrix. On the other hand, increasing the number of nodes simultaneously increases the amount of workload, time and money spent on constructing the CAA matrix. This paper presents a number of experiments aimed at creating CAA matrices with different number of matrix nodes using the LaserTracer system. The relations between maximum permissible errors obtained on a machine using matrices with different densities of nodes are also discussed. Additionally, the authors attempt to tackle the question of determining the most optimal density of nodes with regards to the ratio of time spent on matrix creation and the effect on accuracy.
The Auger Surface Detector consists of a large array of water Cherenkov detector tanks each with a volume of 12,000
l, for the detection of high energy cosmic rays. The accuracy in the measurement of ...the integrated signal amplitude of the detector unit has been studied using experimental air shower data. It can be described as a Poisson-like term with a normalization constant that depends on the zenith angle of the primary cosmic ray. This dependence reflects the increasing contribution to the signal of the muonic component of the shower, both due to the increasing muon/electromagnetic (
e
±
and
γ
) ratio and muon track length with zenith angle.
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