Lightly n-type β-Ga2O3 grown by Halide Vapor Phase Epitaxy (HVPE) on heavily n-type doped β-Ga2O3 substrate was implanted with 1 MeV O ions to a fluence of 1016 cm−2. The film remained β-polymorph ...and showed no broadening of the x-ray rocking curve width after irradiation even though the calculated number of primary defects was very high. The implanted region was characterized by a strong compensation, likely due to the presence of a high density of split Ga vacancy acceptors. Treatment of the irradiated film in dense hydrogen plasma at 330 °C for 0.5 h led to the formation of a conducting surface layer about 0.5 µm-thick with carrier density 1017 cm−3, a suppression of the signal due to Fe acceptors in Deep Level transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) and a strong enhancement of DLTS peak caused by centers at Ec-0.74 eV (so called E2 * traps). The mechanism appears to be that hydrogen plasma treatment leads to creation of a high number of donor states due complexing of hydrogen with Ga vacancies and to passivation of Fe acceptors with hydrogen donors.
•The monoclinic polytype of Ga2O3 transforms under some irradiation conditions. Choice of irradiation conditions prevents emergence of competing polytypes.•Hydrogenation produces stable n-type conductivity to tthe range of the implanted O ions.•The data was interpreted by a mechanism involving formation of Gav-H donor complexes and passivation of compensating Fe acceptor impurities.•Observations could form basis for Ga2O3 power devices in radiation environments.
Fear is an ancient natural reaction of a human being to a threat and it is also an adaptive feature. Obsessive fear can transfer into phobias, which lead to a clinical problem. In spite of many ...studies done on fear, many questions are yet not clarified. In the former Soviet Union, research on human behaviour traits was mostly tabooed. The current research will fill some gaps on the 'behavioural map' of Ukraine in relationship to fear distributions in two successive generations of residents of Ukraine.
Eight hundred and sixty-seven residents of Ukraine, predominantly residents of Kharkov and Kharkov region participated in the study. All participants were distributed into groups of younger and older generations. Twenty-four emotional states of fear have been studied by Ivleva-Shcherbatyh questionnaire, developed and validated in Slavs samples.
The population analysis of 24 types of fear has shown that sex differences were found mostly among members of the younger generation. The average value of sex differences from the amplitude trait of variation made up approximately 20%. More significant differences between members of different generations have been found in females. The age dynamics of fears within each generation has been detected.
The population analysis of fears in Ukraine has demonstrated that the strongest fears independently of the generation were related to diseases of relatives and to problems in the case of diseases of relatives.
Beam characteristics of a terahertz/subterahertz radiation obtained by collimation of coherent diffraction radiation (DR) emitted by ultrarelativistic electrons are considered. To achieve the maximum ...intensity on the beam axis of such radiation, it is proposed to use a semi-parabolic target with a focal length equal to the distance between the target and the collimator aperture. It is shown that for the proposed geometry, the DR distribution on the aperture plane has a maximum along the beam axis, in contrast to the previously used coherent transition radiation mechanism, which is characterized by a “funnel-shaped” structure with a minimum along the beam axis.
Options for using ordered 3D arrays of photonic crystals for the generation of gigahertz, optical, and neutron radiation upon interaction with a beam of high-energy electrons are considered. The ...optical emission spectra of photonic crystals produced in the interaction with a beam of relativistic electrons are presented. Experiments were carried out to obtain 2D images of objects in gamma and neutron fluxes generated in the interaction of an electron beam with a photonic crystal material. Various neutron generating targets are considered, for which the corresponding neutron yields were calculated. The characteristics of electromagnetic and neutron fields obtained in the experiment are also presented.
Results of experimental and theoretical investigation of coherent transition radiation from a finite-size target in the prewave zone are presented. The measurements were conducted in sub-terahertz ...frequency range on the 100-MeV electron beam extracted from LINAC-200 (JINR). A formula for the spectral-angular density of coherent transition radiation is obtained. Results of the simulation of experimental conditions and experimental data are jointly analyzed. Estimation of the bunch length based on experimental data and obtained theoretical model deviates from the expected value.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a cause of high mortality in burn, immunocompromised, and surgery patients. High incidence of antibiotic resistance in this pathogen makes the existent therapy inefficient. ...Type three secretion system (T3SS) is a leading virulence system of P. aeruginosa that actively suppresses host resistance and enhances the severity of infection. Innovative therapeutic strategies aiming at inhibition of type three secretion system of P. aeruginosa are highly attractive, as they may reduce the severity of clinical manifestations and improve antibacterial immune responses. They may also represent an attractive therapy for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Recently our laboratory developed a new small molecule inhibitor belonging to a class 2,4-disubstituted-4H-1,3,4-thiadiazine-5-ones, Fluorothiazinon (FT), that effectively suppressed T3SS in chlamydia and salmonella in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we evaluate the activity of FT towards antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa expressing T3SS effectors ExoU and ExoS in an airway infection model. We found that FT reduced mortality and bacterial loads and decrease lung pathology and systemic inflammation. In addition, we show that FT inhibits the secretion of ExoT and ExoY, reduced bacteria cytotoxicity, and increased bacteria internalization in vitro. Overall, FT shows a strong potential as an antibacterial therapy of antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa infection.
Prescription and administration of drugs are still carried out without taking into consideration the individual’s needs of a particular patient on the post-Soviet territory. A pharmacist may play a ...crucial role in the field of pharmacogenetics development in any country, nevertheless his/her role is uncertain even in the countries where pharmacogenetics is intensively developed. The aim of the present work is to analyze students’ awareness about pharmacogenetics in the National University of Pharmacy (NUPh) since its development is delayed in Ukraine.
Field investigations have been used in this work. The material analysis based on questioning 637 students of the 1st–4th year majoring in pharmacy has been carried out.
The analysis of the future pharmacists’ awareness in the field of genetics and pharmacogenetics, as well as the study of the sex specificity of this awareness, has been carried out for the first time in Ukraine. It has been stated that more than 70% of the students questioned got the information about pharmacogenetics in University for the first time. However, only more than one-third of respondents (37.7% of males and 43.9% of females) correctly understand the idea of this discipline. About half of the students questioned thought that pharmacocorrection of hereditary diseases was impossible. It has been shown that on the whole females were more informed about pharmacogenetics than males. So, they can become more active persons of pharmaceutical market in future.
The awareness about pharmacogenetics and its role in personalized medicine is not satisfactory both in Ukraine and other countries. Thus, it is necessary to pay more attention to the aspects of pharmacogenetics when training competent up to date specialists in the field of pharmacy. Effective development of the appropriate infrastructure in pharmacogenetics testing and its introduction among the population of Ukraine are also necessary.
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