The detection of neutrinos from core-collapse supernovae may reveal important process features as well as neutrino properties. The detection of supernova neutrinos is one of the main science drivers ...for future kiloton-scale neutrino detectors based on liquid argon. Here we show that for such detectors the intrinsically 3D readout in Q-Pix offers numerous advantages relative to a wire-based readout, such as higher reconstruction efficiency, lower energy threshold, considerably lower data rates, and potential pointing information.
Within the widely used EvtGen framework, we have added a new event generator model for \(B\to K^* \ell^+ \ell^-\) with improved standard model (SM) decay amplitudes and possible BSM physics ...contributions, which are implemented in the operator product expansion in terms of Wilson coefficients. This event generator can then be used to investigate the experimental sensitivity to the most general BSM signal resulting from dimension-six operators. We describe the advantages and potential of the newly developed `Sibidanov Physics Generator' in improving experimental sensitivity of searches for lepton non-universal BSM physics and clarifying signatures. The new generator can properly simulate BSM scenarios, interference between SM and BSM amplitudes, and correlations between different BSM observables as well as acceptance bias. We show that exploiting such correlations substantially improves experimental sensitivity. As a demonstration of the utility of the MC generator, we examine the prospects for improved measurements of lepton non-universality in angular distributions for \(B \to K^* \ell \ell\) decays from the expected 50 ab\(^{-1}\) data set of the Belle II experiment, using a four-dimensional unbinned maximum likelihood fit. We describe promising experimental signatures and correlations between observables. The use of lepton-universality violating \(\Delta\)-observables significantly reduce uncertainties in the SM expectations due to QCD and resonance effects, are ideally suited for Belle II with the large data sets expected in the next decade. Our simulation studies also show that Belle II should have excellent sensitivity to BSM physics in the Wilson coefficients \(C_7\) and \(C_7'\), which appears at low \(q^2\) in the di-electron channel.
Upgrading the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider with polarized electron beams opens a new program of precision physics at a center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV. This white paper describes the ...physics potential of this `Chiral Belle' program. It includes projections for precision measurements of \(\sin^2\theta_W\) that can be obtained from independent left-right asymmetry measurements of \(e^+e^-\) transitions to pairs of electrons, muons, taus, charm and b-quarks. The \(\sin^2\theta_W\) precision obtainable at SuperKEKB will match that of the LEP/SLC world average, but at the centre-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV. Measurements of the couplings for muons, charm, and \(b\)-quarks will be substantially improved and the existing \(3\sigma\) discrepancy between the SLC \(A_{LR}\) and LEP \(A_{FB}^b\) measurements will be addressed. Precision measurements of neutral current universality will be more than an order of magnitude more precise than currently available. As the energy scale is well away from the \(Z^0\)-pole, the precision measurements will have sensitivity to the presence of a parity-violating dark sector gauge boson, \(Z_{\rm dark}\). The program also enables the measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment \(g-2\) form factor of the \(\tau\) to be made at an unprecedented level of precision. A precision of \(10^{-5}\) level is accessible with 40~ab\(^{-1}\) and with more data it would start to approach the \(10^{-6}\) level. This technique would provide the most precise information from the third generation about potential new physics explanations of the muon \(g-2\) \(4\sigma\) anomaly. Additional \(\tau\) and QCD physics programs enabled or enhanced with having polarized electron beams are also discussed in this White Paper. This paper includes a summary of the path forward in R&D and next steps required to implement this upgrade and access its exciting discovery potential.
Belle II Executive Summary Asner, D M; Atmacan, H; Banerjee, Sw ...
arXiv (Cornell University),
03/2022
Paper, Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Belle II is a Super \(B\) Factory experiment, expected to record 50 ab\(^{-1}\) of \(e^+e^-\) collisions at the SuperKEKB accelerator over the next decade. The large samples of \(B\) mesons, charm ...hadrons, and tau leptons produced in the clean experimental environment of \(e^+e^-\) collisions will provide the basis of a broad and unique flavor-physics program. Belle II will pursue physics beyond the Standard Model in many ways, for example: improving the precision of weak interaction parameters, particularly Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix elements and phases, and thus more rigorously test the CKM paradigm, measuring lepton-flavor-violating parameters, and performing unique searches for missing-mass dark matter events. Many key measurements will be made with world-leading precision.
Eur. Phys. J. C 82, 283 (2022) We report on new flavor tagging algorithms developed to determine the
quark-flavor content of bottom ($B$) mesons at Belle II. The algorithms provide
essential inputs ...for measurements of quark-flavor mixing and charge-parity
violation. We validate and evaluate the performance of the algorithms using
hadronic $B$ decays with flavor-specific final states reconstructed in a data
set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $62.8$ fb$^{-1}$, collected at
the $\Upsilon$(4$S$) resonance with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB
collider. We measure the total effective tagging efficiency to be
$\varepsilon_{\rm eff} = \big(30.0 \pm 1.2(\text{stat}) \pm
0.4(\text{syst})\big)\%$ for a category-based algorithm and $\varepsilon_{\rm
eff} = \big(28.8 \pm 1.2(\text{stat}) \pm 0.4(\text{syst})\big)\%$ for a
deep-learning-based algorithm.
We report on new flavor tagging algorithms developed to determine the quark-flavor content of bottom (\(B\)) mesons at Belle II. The algorithms provide essential inputs for measurements of ...quark-flavor mixing and charge-parity violation. We validate and evaluate the performance of the algorithms using hadronic \(B\) decays with flavor-specific final states reconstructed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of \(62.8\) fb\(^{-1}\), collected at the \(\Upsilon\)(4\(S\)) resonance with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB collider. We measure the total effective tagging efficiency to be \(\varepsilon_{\rm eff} = \big(30.0 \pm 1.2(\text{stat}) \pm 0.4(\text{syst})\big)\%\) for a category-based algorithm and \(\varepsilon_{\rm eff} = \big(28.8 \pm 1.2(\text{stat}) \pm 0.4(\text{syst})\big)\%\) for a deep-learning-based algorithm.
The production of cement generates vast quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2). The environmental significance of using waste materials in concrete and mortar mixtures has lately gained the attention of ...researchers. The use of Feldspar as a replacement for cement has been investigated in prior studies. However, in this study, Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) has been added to Feldspar in an effort to increase the mechanical properties and durability of mortars and decrease their environmental impacts as a novel approach. To assess their effects on the various properties of mortars, two series of 20 mix designs with varying water to cement ratios of 0.40 and 0.35 were evaluated. The impacts of substituting cement with Feldspar and GGBS on the mechanical properties of mortars are studied by compressive strength test at 7, 28, and 90 days, the flexural strength test at 28 and 90 days, and the direct tensile strength test at 28 days of curing and each mixture was evaluated for water absorption and electrical resistance. To investigate the thermal durability of mortars, residual compressive strength after exposure at 100◦C, 200◦C, 400◦C, and 600◦C was tested. Images from Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were also utilized to evaluate the microstructure of samples. In addition, the global warming potential (GWP) was examined for CO2 emissions. Results indicated that increasing the ratio of GGBS and Feldspar lowered the mechanical characteristics of binary mixes, whereas ternary mixtures exhibited more divergent patterns. Substituting additives for cement remarkably increased the residual compressive strength after 200◦C in most mixes compared to the control samples. Also, Increasing the ratio of additives in mixtures significantly reduced their total CO2 emissions in both water to cement, particularly in ternary mixtures including 10% Feldspar and 30% GGBS with roughly 33% decrease.
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•Feldspar and GGBS are used as cement replacements as a novel method.•Effects of two water to cement ratios of 0.40 and 0.35 are investigated in this study.•Mixes containing 30% GGBS and 10% Feldspar show remarkable mechanical properties.•Mixes containing 30% GGBS and 10% Feldspar show remarkable results when expose to high temperatures.•Replacing Feldspar and GGBS in mixtures lowers their total CO2 emissions considerably.
•The effects of Mica and Feldspar as partial cement replacement in SCMs are investigated.•Rheological and mechanical properties, thermal durability, and microstructure were assessed.•Replacing the ...cement by Mica and Feldspar decreased the sorptivity coefficient of SCMs.•The thermal durability was significantly improved by using Mica and Feldspar.
In this experimental study, the impacts of replacing cement by Mica and Feldspar on rheological, mechanical and thermal durability of self-compacting mortars (SCMs) are investigated. The cement was partially replaced by Mica and Feldspar at the substitution rates of 10%, 20% and 30%. In general, 14 mix designs of SCMs were considered in two series with w/b ratios of 0.4 and 0.3. For assessment of rheological properties, mini-cone slump flow test and mini V-funnel tests were performed. The compressive strengths after 3, 7, 28 and 90 days of curing, and the 28-day flexural strength were obtained. All mixes were subjected to water absorption and sorptivity tests. For investigating the thermal durability, residual compressive strength after high-temperature exposure at 600 °C were investigated. Also, the microstructure of specimens was assessed by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images. The results indicated that all the SCM mixes containing Mica and feldspar with different w/b ratios had acceptable rheological properties considering EFNARC criteria. Mechanical properties were slightly decreased by Mica and Feldspar replacement, and the mixes containing Feldspar showed higher mechanical properties in comparison with mixes containing Mica. Replacing the cement by Mica and Feldspar decreased the sorptivity coefficient of SCMs and remarkably improved the thermal durability. Mix designs contained 20% of Mica showed the maximum residual compressive strengths after high temperature exposure in both w/b ratios.
The eco-friendly advantages of using glass powder and feldspar emphasize the benefits of utilizing these materials in the concrete industry. The current study aims to investigate the mechanical ...properties, thermal durability, and chloride penetration resistance of Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBFS) based geopolymer mortars containing Glass Powder (GP), feldspar, and Metakaolin (MK) under both standard and accelerated curing conditions. The GP, feldspar, and MK were utilized individually and in combination as replacements for GGBFS at the substitution rates of 10–25%. Twelve mix designs were generally considered in two series: without MK and with MK. The specimens were cured under two different conditions and then subjected to compressive strength tests at 7 and 28 days and flexural strength tests at 28 days. Each mixture was assessed for electrical resistivity and water absorption. For thermal durability, residual compressive strength was investigated after exposure to temperatures ranging from 100 to 600°C. Microstructure evaluation was also conducted using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images. The results indicated that, by substituting GGBFS with the optimal proportion of feldspar and GP, a notable enhancement in thermal durability and chloride penetration resistance is attainable.
•The effects of Glass powder, Feldspar, and Metakaolin as partial substitutes in geopolymer mortars are investigated.•The influences of curing conditions on geopolymer mortars are assessed.•The optimum GP, Feldspar, and MK content for thermal durability and chloride penetration resistance was proposed.•Accelerated curing generally improved the mechanical properties and thermal durability of mixes.•Microstructural analysis in geopolymer mortars before and after exposure to elevated temperature was investigated.
In the current research, for the first time, Nano-scale finger gate vacuum channel field emission transistor (FGVFET) scaling down and its limitations considering electrical characteristics are ...studied. The FGVFET with different cathode electrode materials, channel dimensions, and finger widths is considered and the impacts of these structural and physical changes on the key indicators of the device are assessed to achieve a comprehensive design guideline. The sensitivity analysis reveals that the channel height modification by changing gate-anode oxide and cathode-gate oxide thicknesses can be assumed as the most significant design factor in the determination of ON-OFF-state currents. The results indicate that the gate leakage current as a salient parameter in device performance is dependent on the cathode material, channel depth, and height. Furthermore, investigating cutoff frequency as the prominent factor in high-speed applications indicates that cathode-gate oxide thickness may fundamentally modify this factor.
