An experimental study has been performed on the interrelationship between visual appearance, surface topography and light scattering on AA6063-T6 aluminium extrusions etched to a depth of up to ...700μm. The topography was characterized by use of White Light Interferometry (WLI), and light scattering was measured by use of a glossmeter and photogoniometer. The main parameters for the visual appearance evaluation were gloss, directionality, streakiness and homogeneity. This combined approach of visual assessment and measurements provides valuable insight into how measurable quantities relate to the perceived visual appearance for industrially relevant aluminium surfaces.
We present a rest-UV selected sample of 32 lensed galaxies at \(z\sim 2\) observed with joint Keck/LRIS rest-UV and Keck/MOSFIRE rest-optical spectra behind the clusters Abell 1689, MACS J0717, and ...MACS J1149. The sample pushes towards the faintest UV luminosities observed (\(-19 \le {\rm M_{\rm UV}} \le -17\)) at this redshift. The fraction of dwarf galaxies identified as Ly\(\alpha\) emitters (\(\rm EW \ge 20\ \overset{\lower.5em\circ}{\mathrm{A}}\)) is \({\rm X_{\rm LAE}}=25^{+15}_{-10}\%\). We use the Balmer lines and UV continuum to estimate the intrinsic EW allowing us to distinguish the effects of the ionizing spectra and Ly\(\alpha\) escape fraction on the observed EW distribution. Fainter galaxies (\(\rm M_{\rm UV} > -19\)) show larger intrinsic EWs and escape fractions than brighter galaxies. Only galaxies with intrinsic EWs greater than 40\(\ \overset{\lower.5em\circ}{\mathrm{A}}\) have escape fractions larger than 0.05. We find an anti-correlation between the escape fraction and \(\rm A_V\) as well as UV spectral slope. The volumetric escape fraction of our sample is \(f_{\rm esc}^{\rm Ly\alpha} = 4.59^{+2.0}_{-1.4}\%\) in agreement with measurements found elsewhere in the literature. About half of the total integrated Ly\(\alpha\) luminosity density comes from galaxies with \({\rm EW}_{\rm obs}>20\ \overset{\lower.5em\circ}{\mathrm{A}}\).
The biological response to DNA double-strand breaks acts to preserve genome integrity. Individuals bearing inactivating mutations in components of this response exhibit a range of clinical phenotypes ...that include cellular radiosensitivity, immunodeficiency, infertility, progressive neurological dysfunction and cancer predisposition. The archetype for such disorders is ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) caused by biallelic mutation in ATM, a central component of the DNA damage response. Here, we report that the E3 ubiquitin ligase RIDDLIN is mutated in a recently described immunodeficiency and radiosensitivity disorder called RIDDLE syndrome. RIDDLIN acts downstream of RNF8 to orchestrate the accumulation of 53BP1 and BRCA1 at sites of DNA damage. RIDDLIN is itself recruited to the chromatin that surrounds DNA lesions by binding to RNF8-dependent conjugated ubiquitin. Therefore, RIDDLIN and RNF8 define a protein ubiquitination cascade at sites of DNA damage that is important for the overall DNA damage response.
An effective ontology architecture using the semantic Web enables the development of a semantic geospatial system that forges multiple geospatial data sources and services into a powerful ...cross-discipline knowledge tool. This paper outlines five interrelated ontologies that support a complete semantic geospatial system. The ontologies contribute to a working example that illustrates the advantages of semantic technologies in addressing geospatial challenges. The outlined advantages include complex query decomposition, seamless integration of non-semantic services, and dynamic customization to a specific domain of interest. We encourage the development of these ontologies into useful standards for further exploiting geospatial data and services
Background. We wanted to study a possible association between smoking during pregnancy and preterm birth.
Methods. A population based prospective study was performed among 7,236 consecutive ...pregnancies over seven years delivered at one birth clinic. Smoking habits were obtained at a routine ultrasound examination around 18 gestational weeks, and preterm birth was defined as delivery of a child between 24 and 37 gestational weeks. We estimated relative risk (odds ratio) between smoking, possible confounding variables and preterm birth using multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results. Overall, 1,769 (25%) women said that they smoked every day during their pregnancy. The smoking women had an increased risk of preterm delivery compared with non‐smokers (odds ratio 1.53, 95% confidence interval 1.24, 1.89). However, this association was only demonstrated among the multiparous women (odds ratio 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.39, 2.54). The association was statistically significant after adjusting for maternal age, diabetes, cervical conization, preeclampsia, placental abruption and placenta previa in a multivariate analysis, and we observed a dose‐response effect of maternal smoking on preterm birth among multiparous women.
Conclusion. For multiparous women smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of preterm delivery, and there seems to be a dose‐response effect of smoking.
Acoustic super-resolution (SR) has the potential to visualize microvasculature by localizing individual microbubble (MB) signals. Currently, all detected signals are processed and localized ...identically. However, the MB point spread function (PSF) is not independent of its surroundings. Despite accuracy on the order of microns being required, it is currently not possible to quantify error that may be introduced due to variation in the MB responses. This work combines high frame rate plane wave ultrasound acquisition with a coincident optical microscope visualizing the SR imaging of a 200 µm cellulose tube. An adjustable aperture has been introduced into the optical microscope to extend the optical depth of field over the phantom. The results showed that the introduction of the aperture enabled modest extension of the depth of field over 50 µm about the optical focus. Modelling and experimental verification found that, at a flow rate of 15 µl/min, MBs could only be detected over the top 70 µm of the tube phantom - further reducing the required depth of field. The simultaneous optical and acoustic data suggested that many fewer MBs acoustically contribute to the SR image than can be observed in the optical FOV. Investigations incorporating a ground truth, like this one, will allow sources of error to be identified, quantified and limited.
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