1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of heat stress on fearfulness, leucocyte components, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in two commercial broiler strains, Cobb (C) and Ross ...(R). 2. At 36 and 37 d of age birds were exposed to 38 ± 1°C for 3 h. Rectal temperatures, duration of tonic immobility (TI), haematocrit values, proportions of leucocyte components (heterophil, lymphocyte, basophil, eosinophil, monocyte), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, GPx) of all the birds were determined, before and after heat treatment. 3. Rectal temperatures increased and haematocrit values decreased in birds exposed to heat stress. Heat stress caused a significant increase in heterophil/lymphocyte and in basophil ratios. 4. Exposing birds to heat stress increased duration of TI, suggesting heat-stressed birds tended to be more fearful. 5. Heat stress resulted in a significant Genotype × Treatment interaction for MDA concentration. CAT, SOD and GPx activities; MDA concentrations in heat-stressed R strain birds were greater than in heat-stressed C strain birds.
1. This study was conducted to determine metabolic and physiological responses of 2 commercial broiler strains, Hubbard (H) and Cobb (C), exposed to an ambient temperature of 38°±1°C for 2 h at 14 ...and 15 d of age. 2. Exposure to high temperature at an early age resulted in weight loss in strain C, which was not compensated for by 35 d of age but there was no weight loss in strain H. 3. Exposure of broilers to heat stress (38°±1°C) at 35 d of age resulted in an increase in rectal temperature, regardless of previously high temperature experience but acid-base balance and haematocrit values were not affected by heat stress. 4. Malondialdehyde concentration was higher in unexposed birds than in previously exposed ones and did not significantly differ between strains.
The oxidative mechanisms of injury-induced damage of neurons within the spinal cord are not very well understood. We used a model of T8-T9 spinal cord injury (SCI) in the rat to induce neuronal ...degeneration. In this spinal cord injury model, unilateral avulsion of the spinal cord causes oxidative stress of neurons. We tested the hypothesis that apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (or redox effector factor-1, APE/Ref-1) regulates this neuronal oxidation mechanism in the spinal cord region caudal to the lesion, and that DNA damage is an early upstream signal. The embryonic neural stem cell therapy significantly decreased DNA-damage levels in both study groups - acutely (followed up to 7 days after SCI), and chronically (followed up to 28 days after SCI) injured animals. Meanwhile, mRNA levels of APE/Ref-1 significantly increased after embryonic neural stem cell therapy in acutely and chronically injured animals when compared to acute and chronic sham groups. Our data has demonstrated that an increase of APE/Ref-1 mRNA levels in the caudal region of spinal cord strongly correlated with DNA damage after traumatic spinal cord injury. We suggest that DNA damage can be observed both in lesional and caudal regions of the acutely and chronically injured groups, but DNA damage is reduced with embryonic neural stem cell therapy.
Embryonic neural stem cell (ENSC) transplantation is used experimentally for the improvement of spinal cord repair following spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the effects of such intervention on ...oxidative stress and cell death remain unknown. We used in vivo Comet assay in the acute and chronic SCI groups compared with the SCI+ENSC transplantation groups of experimental rats in order to evaluate DNA damage in the spinal cord. Chronic SCI resulted in the generation of oxidative DNA damage in the spinal cord brain and kidneys, as indicated by high Comet assay parameters, including the percentage of DNA in the tail (T%, or TD), tail moment (TM), and tail length (TL). The DNA damage levels significantly decreased after ENSC transplantation in the spinal cords of acute and chronic SCI groups within the lesion site and rostrally and caudally to the injury, and in the brains and kidneys of the chronic SCI group. Thus, ENSC transplantation is found to be an effective tool for limitation of DNA damage following spinal cord injury.
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the α.-tocopherol content and to investigate the antioxidant capacities of the extracts prepared from the leaves of Ficus carica. L. (Moraceae). ...The antioxidant capacities of the extracts were evaluated by the phosphomolibdenum spectrophotometric method. α.-Tocopherol content was determined by using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV method. Total flavonoid content was determined by using the aluminium chloride method. Total phenol content was estimated by a modified colorimetric method using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. The results clearly demonstrate that these extracts have antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant capacity results are consistent with total flavonoid and phenol contents. The α.-tocopherol content of the n.-hexane extract was found to be 3.2788%, whereas it was calculated as 0.0570% on the dry-weight basis of the leaves.
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a major component of the antimicrobial system of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The heme enzyme MPO catalyzes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide and chloride to hypochlorous ...acid. Hypochlorous acid is the major strong oxidant produced by neutrophils and may contribute to inflammatory tissue damage. It was reported that certain antiinflammatory drugs are capable of inhibiting MPO activity and this inhibition may account for their antiinflammatory effect.
Hypericum L. is a genus of about 400 species, widespread throughout the world. Some species of genus exhibit a significant antiinflammatory activity beside their several pharmacological properties such as antidepressant, diuretic, antihelmintic, and antibacterial. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effects of three
Hypericum species, which exhibit antiinflammatory activity, on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte MPO activity. We found that each extract of
Hypericum species reduced the peroxidative and chlorinating activity of human leukocyte MPO in concentration-dependent manner. The antiinflammatory activity of these species may be related with inhibition of MPO activity.
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the protective effects of essential oils, used in traditional Turkish food and medicine, prepared from two Ziziphora. subspecies against ...H2O2-induced oxidative damage in human erythrocytes. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and effects of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels of the essential oils on erythrocyte were assessed. The results indicated that both essential oils of Ziziphora. species were effective on antioxidant enzyme systems of erythrocytes when compared with H2O2 group. Ziziphora taurica. Bieb. subsp. taurica. was more effective than endemic Ziziphora taurica. Bieb. subsp. cleonioides. (Boiss) P. H. Davis on CAT, GPx, and SOD enzyme systems of erythrocytes. In this study, we established that the essential oils of Z. taurica. subsp.. taurica. contained caryophyllene oxide (26.16%), β.-caryophyllene (24.80%), and germacrene-D (7.92%), and Z. taurica. subsp.. cleonioides. contained (+)-pulegone (69.24%), piperitenone (6.47%), and limonene (3.59%). Results presented here may suggest that the essential oils possess antioxidant properties, and therefore they can be used in the nutraceutical or pharmaceutical industry.
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