Protective archaeological research was carried out in 2007. at the location Preradovićeva 14 in Varaždin, where the extension of the the First Gymnasium - high school was planed. They covered the ...part of the buried eastern ditch that was part of the defense system of Varaždin City from the mid. 15th to the early 19th century. Archaeological research has largely confirmed the available historical data on the town’s ditches system, and its backfilling at the beginning of the 19th century, as well as the results of earlier research on similar locations in the City of Varaždin. Interestingly, the level of ground in this location was about 170 cm lower than today’s up to the 1970s, and was relatively late aligned with the streets and surrounding plots. The reason we can find in the fact that this plot was enclosed by a stone wall and used as a gymnasium garden, and obviously earlier there was no need for aligning it. The most interesting archaeological layer was the eastern ditch itself, where a large amount of archaeological finds were found. The fragments of ceramic vessels are certainly the most numerous finds found during these researches, and most of them belong to ceramic vessels used for everyday use, but we also have waxed and painted fragments also.
This article primarily examines the state and the potential of fortification architecture perceived through three examples in Varaždin County. The first is fort Pusta Bela, where to this day no ...archaeological excavations or building restorations were done. Due to the inaccessibility of a fort, and lack of additional contents with which it could be linked, it is not likely that any time soon any work will start there. Another example is the fort Paka, which is one of the few examples of this type of architecture that is completely archaeologically researched, conserved and presented, but after research its systematic maintenance was largely neglected, and that could lead to new degradations of its structures. The third fort is Grebegrad, which actually stands somewhere in between the first two examples, because building repairs of its structures started, but due to the volume of work, and extremely high financial investment that they require before building could be even safe for conducting archaeological research, it will take some time until the moment when this fort could be considered as completely explored, repaired and presented like fort Paka. This segment of heritage has great potential for conservation, presentation and popularization of the area where it is located, but at this stage, these resources are still largely neglected and substantially untapped. However, in recent years there is a growing interest for fortification architecture, which will certainly stimulate new research, restoration and revitalization of this type of cultural heritage, and result in their preservation in the future, and that is the primary goal.
Samostan Blažene Djevice Marije i svih svetih, odnosno sv. Jelene u Šenkovcu kraj Čakovca, bio je mjesto ukopa članova obitelji Zrinski u 16. i 17. stoljeću kada ta obitelj posjeduje veći dio ...Međimurja. Zrinski su odigrali veliku ulogu na povijesnoj sceni u vrijeme osmanskih osvajanja te su dali značajan doprinos obrani Međimurja, ali i šire regije. U članku se opisuju tadašnje povijesne prilike i donose podatci koji ocrtavaju vezu čakovečkog pavlinskog samostana i obitelji Zrinski u periodu od 1546. do 1691.godine te se daje prikaz relativno skromnih
očuvanih materijalnih ostataka koji o tome svjedoče.
Monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary and All Saints, together with monastery of St. Helen in Senkovec near Cakovec, was burial place of many members of Zrinski family during the sixteenth and ...seventeenth centuries, and this was the period when this family ruled region of Medimurje. Zrinski family played major role in defense system against Ottomans' raids, and thus their contribution regarding protection of Medimurje and its broader region was crucial. Author of this article, on the basis of a few preserved material sources, describes contemporary historical circumstances and relations between Pauline monastery in Cakovec and Zrinski family in the period between 1546 and 1691. KEY WORDS: Senkovec, Cakovec, Zrinski family, Pauline monastery, archeological excavations, renaissance. Samostan Blazene Djevice Marije i svih svetih, odnosno sv. Jelene u Senkovcu kraj Cakovca, bio je mjesto ukopa clanova obitelji Zrinski u 16. i 17. stoljecu kada ta obitelj posjeduje veci dio Medimurja. Zrinski su odigrali veliku ulogu na povijesnoj sceni u vrijeme osmanskih osvajanja te su dali znacajan doprinos obrani Medimurja, ali i sire regije. U clanku se opisuju tadasnje povijesne prilike i donose podatci koji ocrtavaju vezu cakoveckog pavlinskog samostana i obitelji Zrinski u periodu od 1546. do 1691.godine te se daje prikaz relativno skromnih ocuvanih materijalnih ostataka koji o tome svjedoce. KLJUCNE RIJECI: Senkovec, Cakovec, Zrinski, pavlinski samostan, arheoloska istrazivanja, renesansa.
Monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary and All Saints, or Saint Helen in Šenkovec near Čakovec was originally built in late 14th Century. Over time the monastery complex was largely rebuilt and ...transformed, and today it is mostly preserved in the archeological layer. A few preserved historical images are important to get a better idea about its appearance. This images can’t be basis for presentation of the site, but they give us an insight to a better understanding of spatial correlations and volumes within this valuable monastery complex.
Pavlinski samostan sprva posve.en Blazeni Devici Mariji in Vsem Svetim v Senkovcu, kasneje pa sv. Heleni, deluje v Medimurju od leta 1376 do leta 1786. Ustanovljen je na lokaciji Varhel v blizini ...Cakovca in je skozi zgodovino vsestransko in mocno povezan s Cakovcem in z njegovimi lastniki, kaj je i razlog da se imenuje cakoveckim samostanom. Samostan je bil torej zgrajen na nenaseljenem obmocju, ampak je med sirjenjem naselja Senkovec v zadnjih desetletjih integriran v sestavo naselja.
Pauline monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary and All Saints in Šenkovec near Čakovecakovec, later dedicated to Saint Helen, existed in Međimurje Region from 1376 to 1786. The monastery was founded by ...members of Lacković family, and later donators of the monastery were family Celjski, Fridrik Lamberg and Zrinski family. The period when the Zrinski family was in the possession of Međimurje was marked with numerous conflicts with Pauline monastery, which were certainly encouraged with religious reasons, because Zrinski turned to Protestantism, but in this context we should not ignore economic component and interests. This, among other things, can be read from the fact that the dispute with the monastery lasted long after the Zrinski family formally ceased to be Protestant, and similar relationship, intertwined with conflicts and disputes, monastery had with Althan family, which owned Međimurje during the 18th century. Over time monastery increased its estates, so it came into possession of the church of St. Jerome in Štrigova, numerous vineyards, forests and meadows. Monastery enjoyed various privileges, and among them were the one for the Sunday market in front of the monastery, privilege of fair on the feast of St. Helen, and the right to a wine shop. It also had the right to judge and condemn the guilty, and in this monastery there are 12 documented processes. The monastery was abolished by decree of Emperor Joseph II. in the year 1786. Monastery valuables were shipped to Buda, while the other movable property was sold at auction. Monastery buildings were taken over by the Royal Chamber, which inadequately managed them, that lead to their deterioration. The original monastery was built in the Gothic period, and in the Renaissance times was expanded with a side chapel. In the Baroque period the entire complex was completely renovated, and after the abolition of the monastery, it was converted into a private castle of baron Vinko Knežević at the beginning if the 19th century. By the end of the century this complex was almost completely destroyed, and from it were left standing only the chapel of St. Helen (former monastery church sanctuary) and one auxiliary building. This property has been recognized as extremely valuable, so in the year 1924 the first known archaeological excavation were conducted here. The work was then stopped, and continued much later in the year 1990. That was the year that research and reconstruction of the chapel began. Valuable Gothic murals dated to the end of the 14th century were found and presented inside the chapel. Archaeological excavations that lasted from 1990 to 2002, revealed the central part of the monastery complex. In the discovered archaeological structures we can define these functional units: the sanctuary of the monastery church (the chapel of St. Helen), the nave, side chapel of hexagonal plan (called the Zrinski family mausoleum), east wing of the monastery, the sacristy, the west wing of the monastery, the bell tower (?), the southern corridor of the monastery, cloister, and partly north wing of the monastery, while the auxiliary buildings and the wall surrounding the complex have not been explored. In spite of the fact that the central part of this complex has been archaeologically excavated, its presentation is somewhat difficult, do to the incomplete documentation from archaeological research, bad state of preserved archaeological structures, numerous building phases, and today's inappropriate immediate environment. In order to get a clearer picture of this complex and its construction phases, two campaigns of revision archaeological excavation were done (in the year 2011 and 2012). It is necessary to continue this type of excavation in the future, to make the correct and science-based final presentation in situ. Given the previously established historical and heritage value of the complex, in all segments of its presentation only the high quality solutions must be applied.
U ovom radu govori se o sudbini čakovečkog pavlinskog kompleksa nakon ukinuća pavlinskog reda na području Habsburške Monarhije 1786. godine. U prvo vrijeme brigu o bivšim samostanskim građevinama ...preuzima Ugarska dvorska komora, a početkom 19. stoljeća njihov vlasnik postaje barun Vinko Knežević, koji cijeli nekadašnji samostanski sklop pretvara u svoju privatnu rezidenciju. Govoreći o samostanskom kompleksu, možemo utvrditi da je to njegova posljednja građevinska faza, izuzev kasnijeg stilskog ujednačavanja vanjštine crkvenog svetišta. Nakon Kneževića slijedi degradacija i u konačnici rušenje samostanskih zgrada, najvjerojatnije potkraj 19. stoljeća. Od čitavog kompleksa danas se u cijelosti očuvalo samo svetište nekadašnje samostanske crkve pretvoreno u kapelu sv. Jelene, dok je ostatak u arheološkom sloju. Analizom pronađenih temelja zidova te dostupne literature i dokumentacije, izdvojene su arheološke strukture koje se mogu pripisati toj građevinskoj fazi, ali se ne isključuje mogućnost da one u velikoj mjeri nastaju još u baroknoj pregradnji samostanskog sklopa.
U središtu današnjeg grada Preloga, neposredno uz župnu crkvu sv. Jakoba, nalaze se parterno prezentirani ostatci građevine kružnog tlocrta zidani od kamena, pronađeni i istraženi u arheološkim ...istraživanjima provedenima tijekom 1997. i 1998. godine. U izvješću koje donosi detaljan opis postupka i rezultata provedenih istraživanja, te u kasnijoj dokumentaciji i literaturi, zabilježeno je da se radi o ostatcima nekadašnje kule, odnosno o ostatcima fortifikacijskog objekta. Međutim, kako je to znatno ranije pretpostavila Anđela Horvat, vjerojatnije je da je građevina izvorno građena kao grobljanska kapela s kosturnicom, odnosno karner, a ne kula. U ovom radu donosi se kratki povijesni pregled i analiza rezultata provedenih arheoloških istraživanja, te se iznose činjenice koje potvrđuju i objašnjavaju tvrdnju Anđele Horvat da se zaista radi o ostatcima temelja sakralnog objekta centralnog tlocrta, odnosno o karneru.
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