U radu je dat prikaz Udruženja univerzitetski obrazovanih žena koje je postojalo i delovalo u međuratnom periodu četrnaest godina, od 1927. do 1941. Presudan značaj za istraživanje teme imala je ...arhivska građa, na kojoj se rad pretežno zasniva. Brojna dokumentacija brižljivo sakupljana godinama od članica Udruženja i njegovih brojnih ogranaka, uspela je da preživi Drugi svetski rat i postane značajan izvor informacija o ovoj organizaciji, koja je dala nesporan doprinos svojim radom i među prvima napustila okvire ženskih udruženja koja su pre svega imala humanitaran karakter. Pripadnice Udruženja su shvatile da same moraju uticati na promenu svog položaja, tako što će početi da rade na prosvećivanju i uključiti se u evropske modernizacijske procese. Njihovi ciljevi su se bazirali na odbrani profesionalnih interesa univerzitetski obrazovanih žena, njihovog obrazovanja, nezavisnog položaja i borbe za jednako zaposlenje. Pitanje mesta žene u društvu kroz sadržaje emancipatorskih politika počelo je u velikoj meri da okupira intelektualke, univerzitetski obrazovane, najbolje u svojoj struci, poreklom iz bogatih građanskih porodica. One su uvidele značaj obrazovanja i izdigle se iznad svog porekla i statusa, u želji da i drugi mogu dobiti ovo pravo, sa nastojanjem da daju pun doprinos i ostave nasleđe za potonje generacije žena koje će nastaviti njihovim stopama. Grupa intelektualki okupila se oko ovog Udruženja čiji je cilj bio da podrži žene, pre svega devojke, u njihovoj borbi za sticanje prava na obrazovanje, naučni rad i stručno usavršavanje, stvara među njima prijateljske veze, kako u zemlji tako i u inostranstvu, moralno i materijalno ih pomaže i širi opštu prosvećenost među njima.
Throughout history women have been disenfranchised and denied almost every right. Everything concerning political and social life was reserved only for men, while the position of women was almost ...negligible. Women were condemned to spend their whole lives subordinated to men, only because of their gender, which the patriarchy considered to be on a much lower social level and therefore simply should not have any rights. However, in the period between the two world wars, things started to change for the better for women and the Association of University Educated Women (1927–1941) greatly contributed to that. Initially only a few, surrounded by a society with deep-rooted patriarchal views, they managed to attract a growing number of women intellectuals with a university degree to their organization, but they also prepared students for future activities. Women began increasingly to enroll into colleges, even those that were not socially acceptable for women. The Association set itself the tall task of enabling women to work in science, which was the highest goal of their aspirations, believing that women as intellectuals should not remain confined in their profession, but be able to participate freely in all issues of national and international importance. They believed that the success of women would be achieved.
Biocrusts and adjacent sediments were collected from the so-called loess plateau of Northern Iran and the loess deposits on the foothills of Alborz Mountains. The mineralogical and granulometric ...analyses characterized sediments as quartz-rich clayey or sandy silts. Cyanobacterial diversity, colony morphology and grain stabilization were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy, which showed glue-like layers of cyanobacterial EPS and dense networks of filamentous cyanobacteria immobilizing finer and bigger grains, respectively. Amorphous, tuft and globular cyanobacterial colony structures were also detected. 15 cyanobacterial genera were identified in the biocrust samples including Microcoleus vaginatus as the common species in all samples, Aphanocapsa, Aphanothece, Calothrix, Chroococcus, Chroococcidiopsis, Cyanosarcina, Hassallia, Homeothrix, Nostoc, Oculatella, Schizothrix, Scytonema, Tolypothrix and Trichocoleus. Two biocrust samples showed traces of toxicity in a protein phosphatase inhibition assay targeting microcystins and similarly acting compounds. The Artemia salina assay revealed an elevated toxic response in one sample.
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