Every new product introduction entails a branding decision: whether to name the product using a direct extension, a sub-brand, or a new brand. While previous research has focused on how consumers ...evaluate alternatives in lab settings, or, in studies based on secondary data, on the effectiveness of brand extensions in general, a comprehensive framework of the antecedents and consequences of new product branding decisions is lacking from the literature. The authors propose a theoretical framework that organizes product-, category-, and firm-level determinants of firms’ new product branding decisions, and empirically test the framework’s predictions using a large sample of new product introductions, documenting with real world data how managers choose among three branding alternatives. In addition, using both product-specific and firm-specific valuation metrics, the authors quantify the negative impact on firm value of misaligning the new product branding decisions with the conditions facing new products. Conceptually, the authors bridge the branding and new product performance literatures, and present findings that extend knowledge from behavioral research on brand extensions. Empirically, the authors provide evidence to managers on how to choose brand names for new products in a way that enhances the stock market value of firms.
The article substantiates the essence of the concept of “social capital” as a resource in terms of formed, permanent, established types of highly effective socio-economic interactions. In addition, ...the main directions of its manifestation and its structural elements are defined. It is stated that for quantitative measurement of social capital at the enterprise level, it is necessary to establish its precise framework, to determine its structure and key features. As an object of accounting, social capital should be regarded as an intangible asset. The expediency of using the Value explorer method for social capital estimation, which requires some necessary steps, has been substantiated as follows: the use of clearly established algorithm of actions in the implementation of rational selection for a new product; the use of internal and external innovations in the process of generating new ideas and production of innovations within the framework of the product realization strategy; identify areas of key competitive advantages related to social capital; determining the role of the sphere of competitive advantages in production and sales of products; gross profit distribution by key competitive advantages; calculation of the potential of the competitive advantages sphere; assessment of the durability and sustainability of the competitive advantages of the enterprise and calculation of the present value of all elements of social capital of the enterprise. Five main levels of social intangibles are identified and grounded. The study allows to form an appropriate matrix to analyze the effectiveness of their use in the enterprise.
Local self-government is the leading institution of every developed, democratic society. Local self-government is an expression of the legitimate will of the population of a particular administrative ...and legal unit. That is why the exercise of powers and competence by local self-government bodies and officials is in fact an expression of the will of the population. In times of war, local governments are the closest to the needs of the population. This entity should respond comprehensively, as quickly and effectively as possible to the needs of its constituents. In order to develop the hromada, local self-government bodies are authorized to develop and adopt short-term and long-term (strategies) for the socio-economic development of the hromada. The level and quality of life of the population in a certain territory depends entirely on its successful implementation. The issue of the effectiveness of socio-economic programs of local self-government will be particularly acute in the postwar period, when it will be necessary to rebuild postwar Ukraine and its hromadas. The participation, professionalism, and responsibility of local government executive bodies and their officials will play a crucial role in this process. The authors emphasizes the need for more detailed legislative regulation of the issue of legal liability of executive bodies of local self-government and their officials. Given the above, it seems necessary to provide for the liability of executive bodies of local self-government and their officials for failure to implement programs of socio-economic development of a hromada.
The objective of the research is to study the biology of the pathogen of the scab
Venturia pirina
Aderh depending on the agrometeorological conditions of the pear vegetation and to assess the ...collection cultivars for susceptibility to the disease. The biological features of the pear scab in the western foothill agro-climatic region of the Crimea are studied. The influence of climatic conditions on the occurrence of various epidemiological types of scab manifestations on pears is estimated. As a result of the research, highly resistant cultivars were found: Zhukovka, Zaporozhskaya, Triumph of Jodoin, Vodyanistaya, Dorodnaya, Bere Shibasso, Martin Sekl, which showed moderate levels of infection spread in all years of research, with the development of the disease in the range of 0.2-1.3%. Immune cultivars of pears with absolute resistance to the pathogen agent
V. pirina
, which was not affected by changes in weather conditions, were identified. These cultivars are the following: Zimovka, Trapezitsa, Chervona, Shara Bera, Seyanets Kolossa, Populyarnaya, Kurzemskaya Maslyanaya, Wonderful Italy, which can be used in breeding and ecologized protection systems when supplying with cuttings horticultural industries in the Crimea and the south of Russia.
The article reveals the essence of the informational and legal basis of the activity of pre-trial investigation bodies. The scientific conclusions regarding the informational and legal bases of the ...activities of the pretrial investigation bodies were analyzed. The main areas of research of scientists who, at various stages, were engaged in the study of problems related to the general characteristics of the information and legal foundations of pre-trial investigation bodies were studied. It is substantiated that the informational and legal bases of the activity of pre-trial investigation bodies are: informational and legal principles of the activity of pre-trial investigation bodies, some types of information, information systems, acts of pre-trial investigation bodies and other components. Considerable attention is paid to clarifying the content and classification of information used by pre-trial investigation bodies in their activities. The content of other components of the informational and legal basis of the activity of pre-trial investigation bodies is clarified. Arguments are given in favor of the fact that the most sustained in theory and the most suitable for the Ukrainian system of informational and legal bases of activities of pre-trial investigation bodies is the codification of norms that would regulate the informational and legal bases of activities of pre-trial investigation bodies into the relevant law or code.On the basis of the achievements of legal science, the norms of the current national legislation, the practice of its application, a theoretical generalization of the problems of the informational and legal basis of the activity of pre-trial investigation bodies was carried out, the conceptual bases were outlined and the modern idea of the concept, essence, signs, types of informational and legal acts of the bodies was clarified of pre-trial investigation, information systems, and other components of the informational and legal bases of the activity of pre-trial investigation bodies. The provision on the introduction of international standards of the informational and legal bases of the activity of pre-trial investigation bodies into the national model is argued.
У статті розкрито сутність інформаційно-правових основ діяльності органів досудового розслідування (ОДР). Проаналізовано наукові висновки щодо інформаційно-правових основ діяльності органів ...досудового розслідування. Розглянуто основні напрями досліджень учених, які на різних етапах вивчали проблеми, пов’язані із загальною характеристикою інформаційно-правових основ діяльності ОДР. Обґрунтовано, що інформаційно-правовими основами діяльності органів досудового розслідування є інформаційно-правові принципи діяльності органів досудового розслідування, деякі види інформації, інформаційні системи, акти органів досудового розслідування та інші компоненти. Значну увагу приділено з’ясуванню змісту і класифікації інформації, яку використовують у своїй діяльності ОДР. Уточнено зміст інших компонентів інформаційно-правових основ діяльності органів досудового розслідування. Наведено аргументи на користь того, що українська система інформаційно-правових основ діяльності органів досудового розслідування потребує кодифікації норм, які б урегульовували інформаційно-правові основи діяльності ОДР, у відповідному законі або кодексі.
The purpose of the article is to substantiate an alternative methodology for assessing the com-petitiveness of young people in the labor market, based on the categories of transit from training to ...decent employment in the context of transformational change. The article explores the School-to-Work Transition Survey (SWTS), which provides an opportunity to analyze the peculiarities of young people's transit to the labor market. The study was conducted within the framework of the “Work4Youth” project, which aimed to identify ways to obtain information concerning the labor market, namely its youth segment. The main purpose of the SWTS was to gather detailed information on the issues, attitudes and conditions in which young people aged 15–29 was entering and securing their jobs in the labor market. The competitiveness of young people in the labor market has been evaluated and the regions have been investigated according to the characteristics of the workplaces, where the state of completion of the transition from school to employment by the young person have been determined. In addition, clusters that are close in characteristics to the group of regions were distinguished.
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