V prispevku so predstavljene naselbinske ostaline iz bronaste dobe, ki so jih odkrili na najdišču Slivnica 1B pred izgradnjo avtoceste A1 pri Mariboru v letih 1996 in 1997. Na podlagi analize najdb ...iz naselbinskih jam ugotavljam, da je bila ravnica ob vznožju Pohorja po koncu srednje bakrene dobe poseljena v prehodnem horizontu Somogyvár-Vinkovci, intenzivneje pa od horizonta Kisapostág (stopnja Bd A1) naprej. Poselitev se je nadaljevala v horizontu pramenaste keramike (Bd A2, A2/B1, morda tudi B1), kamor lahko datiramo večje število jam in tudi jam za stojke, nato pa v (manjšem obsegu) v srednji bronasti dobi in v zgodnjem žarnogrobiščnem obdobju (Bd C–Bd D; morda tudi Bd B). Hiše, grajene s stojkami, so stale v osrednjem delu najdišča, medtem ko so bile severno in južno od njih odkrite večje jame nepravilnih oblik. Rezultati datiranja 14C po postopku AMS kažejo, da je jama kulture Kisapostág iz druge polovice 3. tisočletja pr. n. št., jami iz horizonta pramenaste keramike sta okvirno iz prve tretjine 2. tisočletja pr. n. št., edina datirana jama iz horizonta Oloris-Podsmreka pa iz 15. ali 14. st. pr. n. št.
V članku so celovito predstavljeni sledovi poselitve iz zgodnje bakrene dobe, odkriti v letih 1988 in 1989 ob gra- dnji orglarske delavnice v Spodnjih Hočah. Raziskave so med drugim razkrile pet ...naselbinskih jam, jame za stojke ter lončenino in kamnita orodja iz tega časa. Keramično gradivo kaže tehnološke, oblikovne in ornamentalne značilnosti lasinjske kulture in ne odstopa od gradiva, ki ga poznamo iz sočasnih bližnjih naselij v Podravju in Dravinjskih goricah. Povezave se kažejo predvsem s sočasnimi naselji na Dolenjskem, Gorenjskem in Štajerskem, v nekoliko manjši meri z naselji v Prekmurju in na zahodnem Madžarskem.
V prispevku predstavljamo sledove eneolitske poselitve in najdbe, ki jih je leta 1956 pri izkopavanju gomile iz srednje bronaste dobe na območju Podgraškove domačije v Brezju pod Brinjevo goro odkril ...Stanko Pahič. Gre za keramične fragmente in kamnita orodja. Lončenino lahko večinoma opredelimo v lasinjsko kulturo zgodnjega eneolitika oz. bakrene dobe.
This paper discusses the use of ceramic objects in daily life in the Early Eneolithic period, based on ceramic assemblages from the settlement at Zgornje Radvanje in Maribor. The possible function of ...individual pottery types was studied through typological analysis, pottery production methods, traces of secondary burning and carbonized residues, and ethnographic parallels. The function of different types of settlement structure is discussed on the basis of statistical comparisons of the composition of ceramic assemblages.
V članku so predstavljeni rezultati interdisciplinarnih raziskav naselbine v Stopercah, ki je bila raziskana leta 2009 ob gradnji vzporednega plinovoda v Halozah. V pozni neolitik je opredeljena ...jama (SE 128) s keramičnim inventarjem savske skupine lengyelske kulture, večina mlajših ostalin pa pripada naselju lasinjske kulture iz zgodnje bakrene dobe. Naselje je obsegalo v raziskanem delu vsaj štiri hiše, grajene s stojkami, zemljanko z ognjiščem in šest manjših lesenih objektov. Analiza najdb in rezultati datiranja z metodo radioaktivnega ogljika 14C po postopku AMS kažejo, da je poznoneolitska jama iz sredine 5. tisočletja pr. n. št., naselje lasinjske kulture pa iz konca 5. ali začetka 4. tisočletja pr. n. št. Arheobotanične analize kažejo, da so v zgodnji bakreni dobi za gradnjo uporabljali pretežno les venčasto poroznih listavcev, analize semen pa na gojenje vsaj dveh vrst pšenic (Triticum monococcum in T. dicoccum). Maloštevilni živalski ostanki pripadajo prašiču (Sus sp.).
This paper discusses the settlements at Andrenci, Stoperce, Ptuj-Šolski center, Zgornje Radvanje and Hoče-Orglarska delavnica, all located in north-eastern Slovenia. The settlements are dated on the ...basis of the results of radiocarbon analyses. The characteristics of the material and cultu- ral-chronological site structures were studied through analyses of pottery (pottery production, form, decoration) and comparative analyses.
Many hollows defined as pit houses are known from the Neo-Eneolithic period. Similar pits were also detected at the Neo-Eneolithic settlement of Zgornje Radvanje. The cluster of pits presented in ...this paper shows a stratigraphic sequence. One of the phases yielded a structure. Pottery forms, production and decoration are presented for each individual phase. A comparison of pottery forms and decoration with other sites indicates that the earliest pottery assemblages originate from the late Neolithic period.
Radiocarbon dates, analysis of ceramic finds, animal bones, fruits/seeds and wood (charcoal) from settlement features of the Sava group of the Lengyel Culture at the site of Dolsko – Spodnje Škovce ...in central Slovenia are presented and discussed in this paper. The aim of the study was to place the excavated material culture in its regional and supra-regional context in order to improve the understanding of Late Neolithic settlement features, chronology, pottery style(s) and subsistence strategies in settlements throughout the area of distribution of the Sava group. This is the first synthesis of archaeobotanical and archaeozoological data from the 5th millennium cal BC sites in Slovenia, including the evaluation and comparison of plant macro-remains and animal bones, and the first synthesis of data on technological and typological aspects of pottery production in the settlements obtained using the same analytical approach. Uncertainties regarding the chronology of different variations of a pottery style and subsistence strategies are emphasized.
V prispevku so predstavljeni in obravnavani radiokarbonski datumi, analiza keramičnih najdb, živalskih kosti, plodov/semen in lesa (oglja) iz naselbinskih struktur savske skupine lengyelske kulture na najdišču Dolsko – Spodnje Škovce v osrednji Sloveniji. Namen študije je umestiti materialno kulturo v njen regionalni in nadregionalni kontekst, da bi izboljšali naše poznavanje poznoneolitskih naselbinskih struktur, kronologije, keramičnega stila in strategij preživljanja na naselbinah na območju celotne razprostranjenosti savske skupine. Gre za prvo sintezo arheobotaničnih in arheozooloških podatkov z najdišč iz 5. tisočletja pr. n. št. v Sloveniji, v katero je vključeno vrednotenje in primerjava rastlinskih makroostankov in živalskih kosti, ter prvo sintezo podatkov o tehnoloških in tipoloških vidikih poznoneolitskega lončarstva na naselbinah, ki so bili pridobljeni z uporabo enakega analitičnega pristopa. Izpostavljene so negotovosti glede kronologije različnih variacij keramičnega stila in glede strategij preživljanja.
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•First scientific study that tests the content of miniature ceramic bottles.•Content analysis revealed the presence of cerrusite, beeswax and an animal fat.•Miniature bottles may have ...been used to store lead-based cosmetic/medicinal products.•This study is pushing back the date for such practices to the 5th millennium BC.
Miniature ceramic bottles with perforated handles entered the pottery repertoire of different Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic communities across the south-eastern Prealps, south-western Transdanubia and the Balkans in the 5th millennium BC. It is hypothesised that these small bottles were personal items that could be hung around the neck or waist, possibly to contain cosmetics or for cultic purposes. The aim of this study was to understand the function of 14 of these miniature bottles recovered from sites attributed to the Lasinja Culture in the south-eastern Prealps and the Vinča Culture in the Central Balkans, by analysing the remains of their contents. A multi-method approach was applied using local high-resolution X-ray micro-diffraction (μ-XRD2) and micro-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) to analyse visible residues in eight bottles, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) to test the absorbed lipid content in nine of them. The analysis showed that cerussite (lead carbonate) was the main component of the white material found in the bottle from Zgornje Radvanje, Slovenia. In the visible residues found in the bottles from Turnišče and Popava 1, the lead minerals plumbogummite and pyromorphite were identified as crystalline components. The identification of lead-containing minerals in this study coincides with the earliest use of lead in south-eastern Europe (ca. 4400–4300 BCE), as described in Hansen et al. (2019). Lipid analysis identified beeswax as the content of three of the vessels, which, together with the detection of lead minerals found in the same vessels, suggests its use as an organic binder, perhaps to form pigments as previously hypothesised, for cosmetic and/or medicinal purposes. This study represents the first application of multidisciplinary scientific methods on miniature bottles from the Lasinja and Vinča cultures in the south-eastern Prealps and Central Balkans. Significantly, this study pushes back the date for the use of lead-based cosmetic/medicinal products in North Africa and the Near East by more than a millennium, and in Europe by more than two millennia.
V prispevku je predstavljen keramični predmet ovalne oblike iz hiše z območja zgodnjeeneolitske naselbine Zgornje Radvanje (Podravje). Hiša pripada delu naselbine, ki je bil glede na datiranje z ...radioaktivnim ogljikom (z metodo 14C AMS, akceleratorsko masno spektroskopijo) najverjetneje naseljen največ 146 let (s 95,4-odstotno stopnjo zaupanja) v času okoli 4300 pr. n. št. Na podlagi oblike keramičnega predmeta, sledov ožganosti in zoglenelih organskih ostankov na površini domnevamo, da so ga uporabljali kot svetilko. Hipotezo smo testirali z infrardečo spektroskopijo (ATR IR), masno spektrometrijo (MS) in eksperimentom, izvedenim s pomočjo replike. Rezultati rentgenske fluorescenčne spektrometrije (XRF) pa nakazujejo, da je bil predmet najverjetneje narejen iz lokalne gline. Na istem najdišču je bil najden še en odlomek verjetno enakega predmeta. Delno primerljive najdbe so znane z nekaterih neolitskih, eneolitskih in bronastodobnih najdišč v osrednji in jugovzhodni Evropi.
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