A series of novel compounds, namely 1-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-3-(4-ones-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-yl carboxylic esters, were designed on the basis of the diazafulvene intermediate of imidazole ...glycerol phosphate dehydratase (IGPD) and high-activity inhibitors of IGPD, and synthesized as inhibitors targeting IGPD in plants. Their structures were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 31P-NMR and HR-MS. The herbicidal evaluation performed by a Petri dish culture method showed that most compounds possessed moderate to good herbicidal activities. Six compounds were chosen for further herbicidal evaluation on barnyard grass by pot experiments. 1-(Diethoxyphosphoryl)-3-(4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-yl 2-(naphthalen-1-yl)acetate (5-A3) and ethyl 1-(2-acetoxy-3-(diethoxyphosphoryl)propyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate (5-B4) showed good herbicidal activities. Compared with the compounds with the best herbicidal activity ever reported, both compounds 5-A3 and 5-B4, which can inhibit the growth of barnyard grass at the concentration of 250g/hm2, efficiently gave rise to a nearly 4-fold increase of the herbicidal potency. However, their herbicidal activities were lower than that of acetochlor (62.5 g/hm2) in the pot experiments.
Future galaxy redshift surveys aim to measure cosmological quantities from the galaxy power spectrum. A prime example is the detection of baryonic acoustic oscillations, providing a standard ruler to ...measure the dark energy equation of state, w(z), to high precision. The strongest practical limitation for these experiments is how quickly accurate redshifts can be measured for sufficient galaxies to map the large-scale structure. A promising strategy is to target emission-line (i.e. star-forming) galaxies at high redshift (z∼ 0.5–2); not only is the space density of this population increasing out to z∼ 2, but also emission lines provide an efficient method of redshift determination. Motivated by the prospect of future dark energy surveys targeting Hα emitters at near-infrared wavelengths (i.e. z > 0.5), we use the latest empirical data to model the evolution of the Hα luminosity function out to z∼ 2 and thus provide predictions for the abundance of Hα emitters for practical limiting fluxes. We caution that the estimates presented in this work must be tempered by an efficiency factor, ε, giving the redshift success rate from these potential targets. For a range of practical efficiencies and limiting fluxes, we provide an estimate of , where is the 3D galaxy number density and P0.2 is the galaxy power spectrum evaluated at k= 0.2 h Mpc−1. Ideal surveys must provide in order to balance shot-noise and cosmic variance errors. We show that a realistic emission-line survey (ε= 0.5) could achieve out to z∼ 1.5 with a limiting flux of 10−16 erg s−1 cm−2. If the limiting flux is a factor of 5 brighter, then this goal can only be achieved out to z∼ 0.5, highlighting the importance of survey depth and efficiency in cosmological redshift surveys.
Trainees with disabilities are consistently underrepresented in professional psychology and face considerable barriers throughout training, especially in clinical settings and supervision. In this ...article, we review some common barriers faced by trainees with disabilities in clinical and supervision settings. We then discuss how clinical supervisors can take an active role as supervisor-advocates who actively advocate for trainees with disabilities and promote disability-affirmative training environments in order to minimize these barriers. Major points of discussion include barriers to disclosing disability; asking for, and receiving, reasonable accommodations; and addressing attitudinal barriers among supervisors and colleagues. We also discuss potential barriers to being a supervisor-advocate for trainees with disabilities and ways to promote disability-affirmative supervisor-advocate behavior among one's supervisees in order to build a generation of social-justice-oriented, disability-affirmative supervisors.
Public Significance Statement
People with disabilities are not well represented in professional (e.g., clinical, counseling, and school) psychology, and trainees with disabilities often face many barriers and biases in training, sometimes severe enough to push them to leave the field altogether. In this article, we argue that clinical supervisors can play an important role by acting as supervisor-advocates who actively advocate for trainees with disabilities and work to create accepting, disability-affirmative training environments in order to improve the inclusion of people with disabilities in professional psychology.
Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Psychological Services on Oct 05 2023 (see record 2024-14135-001). In the original article, in the article title and throughout ...the article, “Veterans Administration Healthcare System (VAHCS)” should have been “Veterans Health Administration (VHA).” These changes do not alter the conclusions of this article. The online version of this article has been corrected. Trainees with disabilities are chronically underrepresented in psychology and face many barriers throughout their training. Directors of Clinical Training and supervisors within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), one of the largest employers of trainees with disabilities, have a unique opportunity to address this area of critical need. However, they must first understand the barriers facing psychology trainees with disabilities in VHA settings, including discrimination in trainee selection, barriers to obtaining reasonable accommodations, and attitudinal and cultural barriers. In this article, we illustrate how those barriers may present in VHA settings specifically and provide suggestions and frameworks for how the VHA can create accessible, disability-affirmative training environments in which trainees can truly thrive. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
Dip-coating of sol−gel solutions is a complex dynamic process that is difficult to model because it is associated with time-dependent evaporation-induced concentration and viscosity gradients in the ...solution. It is, however, highly used in the coating technology because it is simple and provides excellent reproducibility. Existing fair models have been proposed some decades ago to describe this method, but they are based on Newtonian and nonevaporating liquids and require several important assumptions and simplifications. In this work, we present a simple experimental study of sol−gel film formation by dip-coating, through which we propose a general semiexperimental model to predict the final film thickness. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used as the main technique to obtain the film physical thickness and optical density for various dip-coating processing conditions (withdrawal speeds from 0.01 to 20 mm·s−1 and temperatures from 25 to 60 °C) and for several different chemical solutions (TiCl4, TEOS, and MTEOS, all in the presence, or not, of block PEO-b-PPO copolymer templates in EtOH/H2O, with concentrations from 10−1 to 10−3 mol·L−1). We show that phenomena that are difficult to assess during deposition, such as viscosity variation, evaporation cooling, chemical reaction, and thermal Marangoni flow, may not have to be taken into account. The influences of various experimental parameters are discussed together with the limitations and the full potentiality of the dip-coating technique. We show that two regimes of film formation independently exist at extreme withdrawal speeds, while they combine into a third regime at intermediate speeds. Although the first regime is well-known and is governed by gravity-induced viscous drag at higher speeds, the second one is barely used and is governed by interdependent evaporation and capillarity rise at lower speeds. We show that both regimes can be selected to build up films with a tunable thickness and that a minimum thickness exists for each given solution at a critical speed for which we believe that the capillarity rise effect perfectly counterbalances the viscous drag. We also show that the capillarity regime is well-suited when one needs to deposit thick films from highly diluted solutions.
Trainees with disabilities are chronically underrepresented in psychology and face many barriers throughout their training. Directors of Clinical Training and supervisors within the Veterans ...Administration Healthcare System (VAHCS), one of the largest employers of trainees with disabilities, have a unique opportunity to address this area of critical need. However, they must first understand the barriers facing psychology trainees with disabilities in VAHCS settings, including discrimination in trainee selection, barriers to obtaining reasonable accommodations, and attitudinal and cultural barriers. In this article, we illustrate how those barriers may present in VAHCS settings specifically and provide suggestions and frameworks for how the VAHCS can create accessible, disability-affirmative training environments in which trainees can truly thrive.
Impact Statement
Psychologists with disabilities are an important but chronically underrepresented and marginalized population within the field. The Veterans Administration Healthcare System (VAHCS) is popular among psychology trainees with disabilities, but the system can also present numerous barriers and difficulties for trainees with disabilities. It is critical that the supervisors and other training directors address these issues, and this article provides practical, evidence-based strategies for doing so.
This research was developed to understand supervisors' experiences, attitudes, and biases when working with psychology trainees with disabilities, in order to better educate and support supervisors. ...An anonymous online survey that included 36 questions was developed based on previous literature on supervision and disability. Questions examined supervisors' knowledge of their responsibility in providing disability accommodations, their own experiences, and one of two randomly assigned vignettes to simulate a live supervision scenario, with associated questions. In total, 143 current supervisors completed the survey across various specialty areas. Over half were female (66.4%) and largely Caucasian (85%), and the average number of years supervising was 5.1. Findings indicated that supervisors lacked formal training, sense of competence, knowledge of how to establish reasonable accommodations, and their role in this process. Supervisors with previous experience working with trainees with disability felt that supervising trainees with disabilities created more work, felt overwhelmed, and had concerns about trainees fulfilling expectations. However, working with trainees with disabilities increased opportunities for consultation, networking, and awareness, and many reported they were able to establish reasonable accommodations without difficulty. Findings indicated that supervisors lack awareness of disability issues in training. A definition and recommendations for building a disability-affirming environment are provided. These findings signal a call to action for supervisors to further their competence and awareness of disability in supervision and training.
Public Significance Statement
This study examines supervisors' knowledge, experience, and perspectives in working with students with disabilities and establishing reasonable accommodations. Most supervisors were unaware that their primary role is to advocate, coordinate, and establish accommodations for trainees with visible and invisible disabilities. We advance that training directors and psychology leaders seek opportunities to raise awareness about working with trainees with disabilities and the impact this has on training among all clinical supervisors.
Objective: Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) have a higher prevalence of being overweight than the general population, which is thought to be due to a variety of metabolic, physiologic and ...psychological changes. The quality improvement project described in this work was designed to help overweight persons with SCI lose bodyweight through nutrition, exercise, and behavioral management strategies.
Methods: Eighteen persons with SCI who were overweight were enrolled in a 12-week interdisciplinary weight management program. Participants were limited to persons at least one-year post-acute SCI with an established overweight status. Measurements, including a person's weight, body mass index, and waist circumference (WaC), were taken at the program's start, at its end, and six months post program.
Results: Seventeen out of 18 participants experienced weight loss, (WaC) decreased (P < 0.001), and the program was effective at reducing weight (P < 0.001). Six months following participation in the program participants did experience a significant change in weight or waist size six months post program, thus indicating that subjects did not regain weight after completion of the program.
Conclusion: This quality improvement project provided indications of the benefits of an SCI-specific interdisciplinary weight management program. Clinical research evaluating methods for helping persons with SCI achieve a healthy bodyweight is indicated.
The Hubble Legacy Archive (HLA) aims to create calibrated science data from the Hubble Space Telescope archive and make them accessible via user-friendly and Virtual Observatory (VO) compatible ...interfaces. It is a collaboration between the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre (CADC) and the Space Telescope – European Coordinating Facility (ST-ECF). Data produced by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) instruments with slitless spectroscopy modes are among the most difficult to extract and exploit. As part of the HLA project, the ST-ECF aims to provide calibrated spectra for objects observed with these HST slitless modes. In this paper, we present the HLA NICMOS G141 grism spectra. We describe in detail the calibration, data reduction and spectrum extraction methods used to produce the extracted spectra. The quality of the extracted spectra and associated direct images is demonstrated through comparison with near-IR imaging catalogues and existing near-IR spectroscopy. The output data products and their associated metadata are publicly available (http://hla.stecf.org/) through a web form, as well as a VO-compatible interface that enables flexible querying of the archive of the 2470 NICMOS G141 spectra. In total, spectra of 1923 unique targets are included.
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