Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a crucial role in epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Many of these regulatory lncRNAs, such as MALAT1, NEAT1, ...HOTAIR, etc., are associated with different neurodegenerative diseases in humans. The lncRNAs produced by the
gene are known to modulate neurotoxicity in polyQ and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease models of
. Elevated expression of hsrω lncRNAs exaggerates, while their genetic depletion through
or in an
-null mutant background suppresses, the disease pathogenicity. This review discusses the possible mechanistic details and implications of the functions of hsrω lncRNAs in the modulation of neurodegenerative diseases.
The electrodeposition of Ni–Co–Sn alloy were carried out at room temperature from the chlorine chloride (ChCl)–ethylene glycol (EG) deep eutectic solvent (DES). For comparison of properties, Ni–Sn ...and Co–Sn alloys were also deposited using the same solvent. Deposition mechanism, microstructure, and electrochemical properties of the deposits in 1 M KOH solution were investigated. The deposition of Ni, Co, Sn, Ni–Sn, Co–Sn and Ni–Co–Sn on platinum electrode were also studied using cyclic voltammetry. Interestingly, the electrochemical stability of DES is observed to be increased in the presence of Sn2+ ions. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed only Ni phases indicating that the other elements get incorporated inside the nickel matrix and the lattice constant have linear relation with Sn content in alloy. The morphologies of Ni–Sn and Ni–Co–Sn alloys were observed to be almost same with fine grains, the XRD studies confirm this. The potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed that the Ni–Co–Sn alloy exhibits the lowest corrosion current density (jcorr), noblest corrosion potential (Ecorr) and highest exchange current density (jc) value than the other two binary alloys, indicating that the ternary alloy is a good candidate for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER).
•The electrochemical stability DES is increased in presence of SnCl2.•The successfully synthesized Ni–Co–Sn alloy has smooth surface and have fine grains.•Ni–Co–Sn alloy acts as good catalyst for HER in 1 M KOH solution.•The Ni–Co–Sn alloy has better corrosion resistance than Ni–Sn and Co–Sn alloy.
In the present paper, an analysis has been performed to study the influence of induced magnetic field on the transient free convective flow of an electrically conducting and viscous incompressible ...fluid over a vertical cone. The coupled nonlinear partial differential equations governing the transient flow have been solved numerically by using the implicit finite difference method of Crank–Nicolson type. The influence of magnetic parameter, magnetic Prandtl number and semi-vertical angle of the cone on the velocity and induced magnetic field profiles has been illustrated graphically. Also, the local as well as average skin-friction and Nusselt number has been presented graphically. For result validation, we have done a comparative study and the present results are found to be in very good agreement with available results.
In adhesively bonded metallic structures, the oxide layer is a primary component of the micro-composite layer at the adhesive/adherend interface whose morphology plays a critical role in the strength ...and durability of the joint. The role of the oxide layer in detecting the level of adhesion in bonded aluminum joints is examined in the present work through the dispersion spectrum of ultrasonic true guided waves. The dispersion curves are calculated for an aluminum/epoxy/aluminum sample, where the adhesion between the epoxy and aluminum is modelled by a spring-mass model at both the interfaces. The variation in the ratio of the thickness of oxide to the primer layer is incorporated into the mass term of the model and its effect on the dispersion curves is studied. It is observed that adhesive-adherend interlayer thickness influences the higher-order symmetric modes at higher phase velocities and this influence is heavily dependent on the effective material properties of this interlayer.
Hydrogen sulfide (H
2
S) and associated sulfur species known as persulfide or sulfane sulfur are considered among the first responders to oxidative stress. However, tools that reliably generate these ...species without any potentially toxic byproducts are limited, and even fewer report the generation of a persulfide. Here, using a latent fluorophore embedded with
N
-acetylcysteine persulfide, we report a new tool that is cleaved by esterase to produce a persulfide as well as a fluorescence reporter without any electrophilic byproducts. The rate of formation of the fluorescence reporter is nearly identical to the rate of formation of the persulfide suggesting that the use of this probe eliminates the need for secondary assays that report persulfide formation. Symptomatic with persulfide generation, the newly developed donor was able to protect chondrocyte cells from oxidative stress.
Hydrogen sulfide (H
2
S) and associated sulfur species known as persulfide or sulfane sulfur are considered among the first responders to oxidative stress.
Mortality caused by septic shock may be determined by a systemic inflammatory response, independent of the inciting infection, but it may also be influenced by the anatomic source of infection.
To ...determine the association between the anatomic source of infection and hospital mortality in critically ill patients who have septic shock.
This was a retrospective, multicenter cohort study of 7,974 patients who had septic shock in 29 academic and community intensive care units in Canada, the United States, and Saudi Arabia from January 1989 to May 2008.
Subjects were assigned 1 of 20 anatomic sources of infection based on clinical diagnosis and/or isolation of pathogens. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. Overall crude hospital mortality was 52% (21-85% across sources of infection). Variation in mortality remained after adjusting for year of admission, geographic source of admission, age, sex, comorbidities, community- versus hospital-acquired infection, and organism type. The source of infection with the highest standardized hospital mortality was ischemic bowel (75%); the lowest was obstructive uropathy-associated urinary tract infection (26%). Residual variation in adjusted hospital mortality was not explained by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, number of Day 1 organ failures, bacteremia, appropriateness of empiric antimicrobials, or adjunct therapies. In patients who received appropriate antimicrobials after onset of hypotension, source of infection was associated with death after adjustment for both predisposing and downstream factors.
Anatomic source of infection should be considered in future trial designs and analyses, and in development of prognostic scoring systems.
Lanthanum based electrocatalytically active LaMO3 (M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) perovskites were synthesized using a single step solution combustion technique. The structural and morphological properties of ...the catalysts were studied using XRD, SEM, and TEM. The synthesis conditions are found to have a siginificant effect on the nature of the nanoparticles and it can be tuned to synthesize amorphous or crystalline materials. The perovskites showed exceptional performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline medium. LaMnO3 is found to be most active for ORR, whereas LaCoO3 for OER. The onset potential of LaMnO3 is −0.12V, and for other La-transition metals is nearly −0.2V. The Koutechy-Levich plot obtained from rotating disk electrode shows a higher number of electron transfer for LaMnO3 catalyst and the least for LaCrO3, whereas the stability results indicate the LaCoO3 to be more stable as compared to LaMnO3. Based on the experimental results and literature survey, it is suggested that the improved activity of Mn and Co based lanthanum perovskite catalyst could be due to the optimum stabilization of reaction intermediates involved in the rate-determining step (RDS) of ORR/OER.
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•Lanthanum based perovskites were synthesized using a single step solution combustion synthesis method.•Synthesis conditions can be tuned to synthesize amorphous or crystalline nanoparticles.•The ORR activity of the perovskites increased in order: LaCrO3<LaFeO3<LaNiO3<LaCoO3<LaMnO3.•LaMnO3 was most active for ORR whereas LaCoO3 was found to be most stable.
This research problem is an investigation of wave propagation in a rotating initially stressed monoclinic piezoelectric thermo-elastic medium under with the effect of a magnetic field.
A ...two-temperature generalized theory of thermo-elasticity in the context of Lord-Shulman’s theory is applied to study the waves under the magnetic field.
The governing equations of a rotating initially stressed monoclinic piezoelectric thermo-elastic medium with a magnetic field are formulated. This research problem is solved analytically, for a two-dimensional model of the piezo-electric monoclinic solid, and concluded that there must be four piezo-thermoelastic waves, three coupled quasi waves (qP (quasi-P), qT (quasi-thermal), and qSV (quasi-SV)) and one piezoelectric potential (PE) wave propagating at different speeds. It is found that at least one of these waves is evanescent (an evanescent wave is a non-propagating wave that exists) and that there are therefore no more than three bulk waves.
The speeds of different waves are calculated and the influence of the piezoelectric effect, two-temperature parameter, frequency, rotation, and magnetic field on phase velocity, attenuation coefficient, and specific loss is shown graphically.
This model may be used in various fields, e.g. wireless communications, signal processing, and military defense equipment are all pertinent to this study.
Preclinical cancer research would benefit from noninvasive imaging methods that allow tracking and visualization of early-stage metastasis in vivo. Although fluorescent proteins revolutionized ...intravital microscopy, two major challenges that still remain are tissue autofluorescence and hemoglobin absorption, which act to limit intravital optical techniques to large or subcutaneous tumors. Here, we use time-domain (TD) technology for the effective separation of tissue autofluorescence from extrinsic fluorophores, based on their distinct fluorescence lifetimes. In addition, we use cancer cells labeled with near infrared fluorescent proteins (iRFP) to allow deep-tissue imaging. Our results demonstrate that TD imaging allows the detection of metastasis in deep-seated organs of living mice with a more than 20-fold increase in sensitivity compared with conventional continuous wave techniques. Furthermore, the distinct fluorescence lifetimes of iRFPs enable lifetime multiplexing of three different tumors, each expressing unique iRFP labels in the same animal. Fluorescence tomographic reconstructions reveal three-dimensional distributions of iRFP720-expressing cancer cells in lungs and brain of live mice, allowing ready longitudinal monitoring of cancer cell fate with greater sensitivity than otherwise currently possible.
The narrow genetic base of tomato poses serious challenges in breeding. Hence, with the advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein9 (CRISPR/Cas9) ...genome editing, fast and efficient breeding has become possible in tomato breeding. Many traits have been edited and functionally characterized using CRISPR/Cas9 in tomato such as plant architecture and flower characters (e.g. leaf, stem, flower, male sterility, fruit, parthenocarpy), fruit ripening, quality and nutrition (e.g., lycopene, carotenoid, GABA, TSS, anthocyanin, shelf-life), disease resistance (e.g. TYLCV, powdery mildew, late blight), abiotic stress tolerance (e.g. heat, drought, salinity), C-N metabolism, and herbicide resistance. CRISPR/Cas9 has been proven in introgression of
domestication of elite traits from wild relatives to the cultivated tomato and vice versa. Innovations in CRISPR/Cas allow the use of online tools for single guide RNA design and multiplexing, cloning (e.g. Golden Gate cloning, GoldenBraid, and BioBrick technology), robust CRISPR/Cas constructs, efficient transformation protocols such as
, and DNA-free protoplast method for Cas9-gRNAs ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) complex, Cas9 variants like PAM-free Cas12a, and Cas9-NG/XNG-Cas9, homologous recombination (HR)-based gene knock-in (HKI) by geminivirus replicon, and base/prime editing (Target-AID technology). This mini-review highlights the current research advances in CRISPR/Cas for fast and efficient breeding of tomato.
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