This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to sum up evidence of the associations between different aspects of night shift work and female breast cancer using a dose–response meta-analysis ...approach.
We systematicly searched all cohort and case–control studies published in English on MEDLINE, Embase, PSYCInfo, APC Journal Club and Global Health, from January 1971 to May 2013. We extracted effect measures (relative risk, RR; odd ratio, OR; or hazard ratio, HR) from individual studies to generate pooled results using meta-analysis approaches. A log-linear dose–response regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between various indicators of exposure to night shift work and breast cancer risk. Downs and Black scale was applied to assess the methodological quality of included studies.
Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. A pooled adjusted relative risk for the association between ‘ever exposed to night shift work’ and breast cancer was 1.19 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.35. Further meta-analyses on dose–response relationship showed that every 5-year increase of exposure to night shift work would correspondingly enhance the risk of breast cancer of the female by 3% (pooled RR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05; Pheterogeneity < 0.001). Our meta-analysis also suggested that an increase in 500-night shifts would result in a 13% (RR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.07–1.21; Pheterogeneity = 0.06) increase in breast cancer risk.
This systematic review updated the evidence that a positive dose–response relationship is likely to present for breast cancer with increasing years of employment and cumulative shifts involved in the work.
Fully understanding the complicated interplays among various chemical species and organelles is greatly important to unravel the mystery of life. However, fluorescent probes capable of visualizing ...multiple targets discriminatively are severely deficient, which extremely limit the investigation on intracellular interplays among various species. Towards this end and in consideration of the unique advantages of aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens), here we rationally designed and presented a single AIEgen, named TVQE, bearing lipophilic, cationic and hydrolyzable moieties, and this AIEgen was capable of illuminating mitochondria and lipid droplets with red and blue emission, respectively. In addition, TVQE was successfully used for evaluating cell viability due to its distinct two-color emission changes tuned by esterase-mediated hydrolysis. Of particular importance is that TVQE can selectively differentiate live, early apoptotic, late apoptotic, and dead cells by confocal microscopy and quantify cell viability statistically by flow cytometry.
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Abstract Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a commonly used medical polymer due to its biological stability and other attractive properties such as high hardness and wear resistance. However, the low ...surface energy and lack of functional groups to interact with the cellular environment have severely limited its applications in bone or cartilage replacements. Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) is a proven effective surface modification technique. However, when conducted on polymeric substrates, conventional PIII experiments typically employ a low pulsing frequency and short pulse duration in order to avoid sample overheating, charging, and plasma sheath extension. In this paper, a long pulse, high frequency O2 PIII process is described to modify PTFE substrates by implementing a shielded grid in the PIII equipment without these aforementioned adverse effects. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle measurements are carried out to reveal the surface effects of PTFE after long pulse, high frequency O2 PIII and the results are compared to those obtained from conventional short pulse, low frequency O2 PIII, O2 plasma immersion, and the untreated control samples. Our results show that less oxygen-containing, rougher, and more hydrophobic surfaces are produced on PTFE after long pulse, high frequency O2 PIII compared to the other 2 treatments. Cell viability assay, ALP activity test, and real-time PCR analysis are also performed to investigate the osteoblast behavior. It is clear that all 3 surface modification techniques promote osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on the PTFE substrates. Improvements on the ALP, OPN, and ON expression of the seeded osteoblasts are also obvious. However, among these treatments, only long pulse, high frequency O2 PIII can promote the OCN expression of osteoblasts when the incubation time is 12 days. Our data unequivocally disclose that the long pulse, high frequency O2 PIII technique is better than the other two types of traditional plasma treatment in the development of PTFE for bone or cartilage repair.
The structural flexibility of RNA underlies fundamental biological processes, but there are no methods for exploring the multiple conformations adopted by RNAs in vivo. We developed cross-linking of ...matched RNAs and deep sequencing (COMRADES) for in-depth RNA conformation capture, and a pipeline for the retrieval of RNA structural ensembles. Using COMRADES, we determined the architecture of the Zika virus RNA genome inside cells, and identified multiple site-specific interactions with human noncoding RNAs.
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