Background
Novel picosecond lasers using a diffractive optical element (P‐DOE) have been available for skin resurfacing with distinct mechanisms. However, there are limited data directly comparing ...P‐DOE and conventional fractional lasers for the treatment of atrophic acne scarring.
Objectives
We sought to compare the efficacy and safety of a 1064‐nm neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet P‐DOE and a non‐ablative fractional laser (NAFL) in the treatment of acne scarring.
Methods
A prospective, randomized, split‐face, controlled trial was performed. One randomly assigned half‐side of each patient’s face (n = 25) was treated with four consecutive sessions of P‐DOE at 3‐week intervals and the other side with NAFL, with subsequent follow‐up for 8 weeks after the final sessions. The efficacy and safety of the two lasers were determined by the Echelle d'Evaluation Clinique des Cicatrices d'acné (Scale of Clinical Evaluation of Acne Scars; ECCA) grading scale, Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) score and patients’ reports at the final visit. Histologic analysis was also performed.
Results
The P‐DOE‐treated side achieved a significantly better improvement in acne appearance (ECCA per cent reduction: 55% vs. 42%) with less severe pain (4.3 vs. 5.6) (P < 0.05). The IGA score and subjective satisfaction were consistent with ECCA score results. Occurrences of treatment‐related side‐effects were also lower in the group treated with P‐DOE (P < 0.05). Histologic analysis revealed elongation and increased density of neocollagen fibres, elastic fibres and mucin throughout the dermis from both sides.
Conclusions
Compared with NAFL, P‐DOE afforded better clinical outcomes and fewer side‐effects in the treatment of acne scarring in Asian patients.
Linked Commentary: M. Lepidoth. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34: 2687–2688. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16984.
Summary The aim of this study was to determine whether resonance frequency analysis can be integrated into the routine clinical evaluation of the initial healing of dental implants. In addition, ...this study was designed to verify whether there was a correlation between implant stability quotient (ISQ) values, maximum insertion torque values, angular momentum and energy, and to evaluate the importance of different clinical factors in the determination of ISQ values and maximum insertion torque values at implant insertion. Two different implant designs of 81 dental implants in 41 patients were evaluated using ISQ values. Maximum insertion torque values were obtained during the placement procedure. Two new methods were used to calculate the angular momentum developed due to implant installation as well as the energy absorbed by the bone. A linear correlation between ISQ values and maximum insertion torque values at the initial implant surgery was found (P < 0·01). There was a correlation between ISQ values and angular momentum (P < 0·05), although ISQ values and energy did not show a significant linear correlation at the initial surgery (P > 0·05). There was a correlation between maximum insertion torque values, each part’s angular momentum, and their energies during installation (P < 0·01). The sequence of the variables that influenced ISQ values was implant location, design, diameter, and gender of the patient. The results of this experiment suggest that both ISQ values and new methods to calculate angular momentum and energy can help to predict implant stability.
We present a measurement of R_{K^{*}}, the branching fraction ratio B(B→K^{*}μ^{+}μ^{-})/B(B→K^{*}e^{+}e^{-}), for both charged and neutral B mesons. The ratio for the charged case R_{K^{*+}} is the ...first measurement ever performed. In addition, we report absolute branching fractions for the individual modes in bins of the squared dilepton invariant mass q^{2}. The analysis is based on a data sample of 711 fb^{-1}, containing 772×10^{6} BBover ¯ events, recorded at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^{+}e^{-} collider. The obtained results are consistent with standard model expectations.
•Low power consumption and high selectivity for carbon dioxide sensor is proposed.•The sensing mechanism is electrochemical reaction based on solid electrolyte.•All fabrication processes are based on ...CMOS-compatible MEMS processes, which are feasible for mass production.
Micro carbon dioxide gas sensor with low power consumption and high selectivity was fabricated based on micro-heater and electrochemical operation method. Li3PO4 thick film for solid electrolyte and Li2CO3 thick film for sensing material were deposited successively using screen printing technique on Si substrate in the form of slurry. In structure of micro-heater, the resistances of the two semi-circled Pt heaters are connected to the spreader for thermal uniformity. Based on the above design, a low power consumption carbon dioxide gas sensor was fabricated using a CMOS compatible MEMS process. Bridge type micro-heater based on Si substrate was fabricated by surface micromachining technique. Micro gas sensor showed a value of about 50.5mV/decade for air based carbon dioxide gas with 59mW power consumption.
Summary
Background Blue and red light have been reported to have beneficial effects on acne. However, there has been no double‐blind, randomized study of acne treatment for combined blue and red ...light‐emitting diode (LED) devices, and the associated molecular mechanisms have rarely been investigated.
Objectives To evaluate the efficacy, safety and histological changes of combined blue and red LED phototherapy for acne vulgaris.
Methods Thirty‐five patients with mild‐to‐moderate acne were randomly assigned to either a home‐use irradiation group using an LED device, or a control group using a sham device. The treatment group was instructed to serially irradiate their forehead and cheeks with 420‐nm blue light and 660‐nm red light for 2·5 min twice daily for 4 weeks.
Results At the final visit at 12 weeks, both inflammatory and noninflammatory acne lesions had decreased significantly, by 77% and 54%, respectively, in the treatment group. No significant difference was observed in the control group. In the treatment group, sebum output reduction, attenuated inflammatory cell infiltrations and a decreased size of the sebaceous gland were found. The immunostaining intensities for interleukin (IL)‐8, IL‐1α, matrix metalloproteinase‐9, toll‐like receptor‐2, nuclear factor‐κB, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor and sterol response element binding protein (SREBP)‐1 were reduced concomitantly. Messenger RNA expression of SREBP‐1c was also decreased. No severe adverse reactions were reported.
Conclusions This LED phototherapy was safe and effective for treating not only inflammatory but also noninflammatory acne lesions, with good compliance. The experimental results correlated well with clinical results, partly elucidating the related molecular mechanisms.
What’s already known about this topic?
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Standard acne treatments have demonstrated modest efficacy, but they may cause various side‐effects and discomforts.
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It has been reported that the beneficial effects of blue and red light on acne result from different, distinct mechanisms. However, there has been no double‐blind, randomized study for phototherapy with a combination of blue and red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs).
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Previous clinical research has rarely elucidated the molecular interactions between visible light and active acne lesions.
What does this study add?
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A 12‐week, double‐blind, randomized sham‐device‐controlled study demonstrated that home‐use combination phototherapy with blue and red LEDs was quite effective for safely treating not only inflammatory, but also noninflammatory acne lesions.
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Sebum output and the average size of the sebaceous gland decreased, and the histopathological findings correlated well with clinical results, partly elucidating the associated molecular mechanisms.
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This novel phototherapy appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of acne.
Presently, co-culture of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) with BV2 microglia under amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) exposure induced a reduction of Aβ42 in the medium as well as an ...overexpression of the Aβ-degrading enzyme neprilysin (NEP) in microglia. Cytokine array examinations of co-cultured media revealed elevated release of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) from hUCB-MSCs. Administration of human recombinant ICAM-1 in BV2 cells and wild-type mice brains induced NEP expression in time- and dose-dependent manners. In co-culturing with BV2 cells under Aβ42 exposure, knockdown of ICAM-1 expression on hUCB-MSCs by small interfering RNA (siRNA) abolished the induction of NEP in BV2 cells as well as reduction of added Aβ42 in the co-cultured media. By contrast, siRNA-mediated inhibition of the sICAM-1 receptor, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), on BV2 cells reduced NEP expression by ICAM-1 exposure. When hUCB-MSCs were transplanted into the hippocampus of a 10-month-old transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease for 10, 20, or 40 days, NEP expression was increased in the mice brains. Moreover, Aβ42 plaques in the hippocampus and other regions were decreased by active migration of hUCB-MSCs toward Aβ deposits. These data suggest that hUCB-MSC-derived sICAM-1 decreases Aβ plaques by inducing NEP expression in microglia through the sICAM-1/LFA-1 signaling pathway.
Background and Objective
Epitope spreading is one of valid mechanisms operating in immunopathological processes of infection‐induced autoimmune diseases. We hypothesized that the peptide 19 from ...Porphyromonas gingivalis heat shock protein (HSP) 60 (Pep19) may be the dominant epitope from which epitope‐specific immune response to subdominant epitopes may diversify sequentially into autoimmune responses directed at human neoepitopes in P. gingivalis‐induced periodontitis and autoimmune diseases. However, the exact feature and mechanism on how Pep19 may drive epitope spreading into human autoantigens in chronic periodontitis or P. gingivalis‐induced experimental periodontitis has not been clarified. The present study was performed with the following specific aims: (i) to delineate retrospectively the features of epitope spreading by human cross‐sectional analysis; (ii) to demonstrate prospectively the epitope spreading into new antigenic determinants in an ordered, predictable and sequential manner in experimental periodontitis; and (iii) to clarify the mechanism on how immunization with Pep19 may mobilize helper T cells or elicit B‐cell responses to human autoantigens and neoantigen.
Material and Methods
The study was devised for two independent investigations – a cross‐sectional analysis on clinical subjects and a prospective analysis on experimental periodontitis – each being subdivided further into two additional independent observations. Cross‐sectional dot immunoblot pattern against a panel of peptides of P. gingivalis HSP60 and human HSP60 was performed among age‐dependent healthy subjects and between healthy subjects, patients with chronic periodontitis and patients with autoimmune disease, to identify epitope spreading. A peptide‐specific T‐cell line was established for phenotype analysis and for proliferation assay to an array of identical peptides. An identical prospective analysis was performed in P. gingivalis‐induced experimental periodontitis or in Pep19‐immunized mice. Cross‐reactivity of anti‐Pep19 monoclonal antibody was also investigated.
Results
A dominant immune response exclusively to Pep19 prevailed in healthy human subjects (before the age of 40) and mice that persisted in chronic periodontitis and autoimmune diseases without being replaced further by subsequent subdominant epitopes. A sequential epitope spreading provoked by Pep19 to subdominant autoantigen peptide 19 from human HSP60 (Hu19) in most healthy human subjects and mice, and to autoantigen peptide 9 from human HSP60 (Hu9) and neoantigen oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) in P. gingivalis‐induced chronic periodontitis and autoimmune diseases could be demonstrated in a reproducible and predictable manner. T‐cell proliferative activity to multiple autoantigens Hu19, Hu9 and ox‐LDL, and cross‐reactivity of anti‐Pep19 monoclonal antibody to these epitopes may be proposed as cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the phenomenon. Moreover, the predictive value of Pep19 for Hu9 increased remarkably in the disease group when compared with that of the healthy group.
Conclusion
Taken together, epitope spreading to Hu19, Hu9 and ox‐LDL provoked by Pep19 could be proposed as a solid phenomenon observed in P. gingivalis‐induced chronic periodontitis and infection‐induced autoimmune diseases in a reproducible and predictable manner. T‐cell proliferative activity to these peptides and cross‐reactivity of anti‐Pep19 antibodies to multiple human autoantigens could be proposed as cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon.
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