Type 2 diabetes is considered a worldwide public health problem due to its high prevalence and the important complications it causes.
To assess the influence of healthy habits, especially physical ...activity and diet, on the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Descriptive and cross-sectional study in 1457 Spanish workers in which the influence of different sociodemographic variables and lifestyle habits such as tobacco consumption, physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in relation to the risk of presenting type 2 diabetes assessed with the Finrisk and Leicester scales was evaluated.
The prevalence of moderate and high values of the Finrisk and Leicester scales decreased as the level of physical activity assessed with the IPAQ questionnaire increased and as adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased. In the multivariate analysis by binary logistic regression, high age, male sex, less favoured social class, low level of physical activity and low adherence to the Mediterranean diet influence the increase in the prevalence of high diabetes risk values, while tobacco consumption shows a protective effect.
Physical exercise and the Mediterranean diet have a beneficial effect on the risk of presenting type 2 diabetes with Finrisk and Leicester scales.
Insulin resistance is a pathological entity that can lead to alterations in lipid metabolism and can increase cardiovascular risk. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of ...different sociodemographic variables such as age, sex and social class and healthy habits such as smoking, physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet on the cardiometabolic profile of Spanish workers. Material and methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 1457 Spanish workers in an attempt to evaluate the effect of healthy habits (physical exercise determined with the IPAQ questionnaire, Mediterranean diet and tobacco consumption) and sociodemographic variables (age, sex and social class) on the values of different insulin resistance scales. Results. The progressive increase in the level of physical activity and high adherence to the Mediterranean diet achieved an improvement in the mean values and in the prevalence of elevated values in all the insulin resistance scales analyzed in this study. Age over 50 years and belonging to the least favored social classes (social classes II-III) were the variables that increased the risk of presenting insulin resistance. Male sex also increased the risk of presenting insulin resistance. Conclusions. The different healthy habits such as vigorous physical exercise and high adherence to the Mediterranean diet improve the values of the different scales that assess insulin resistance.
ObjectivesA non-invasive method for the early detection of metabolic syndrome (NIM-MetS) using only waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and blood pressure (BP) has recently been published, with fixed ...cut-off values for gender and age. The aim of this study was to validate this method in a large sample of Spanish workers.DesignA diagnostic test accuracy to assess the validity of the method was performed.SettingOccupational health services.ParticipantsThe studies were conducted in 2012–2016 on a sample of 60 799 workers from the Balearic Islands (Spain).InterventionsThe NCEP-ATP III criteria were used as the gold standard. NIM-MetS has been devised using classification trees (the χ2 automatic interaction detection method).Main outcome measuresAnthropometric and biochemical variables to diagnose MetS. Sensitivity, specificity, validity index and Youden Index were determined to analyse the accuracy of the diagnostic test (NIM-MetS).ResultsWith regard to the validation of the method, sensitivity was 54.7%, specificity 94.9% and the Validity Index 91.2%. The cut-off value for WHtR was 0.54, ranging from 0.51 (lower age group) to 0.56 (higher age group). Variables more closely associated with MetS were WHtR (area under the curve (AUC)=0.85; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.86) and systolic BP (AUC=0.79; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.80)). The final cut-off values for the non-invasive method were WHtR ≥0.56 and BP ≥128/80 mm Hg, which includes four levels of MetS risk (very low, low, moderate and high).ConclusionsThe analysed method has shown a high validity index (higher than 91%) for the early detection of MetS. It is a non-invasive method that is easy to apply and interpret in any healthcare setting. This method provides a scale of MetS risk which allows more accurate detection and more effective intervention.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and are related to harmful lifestyles and certain professions such as being a professional driver. The aim of this study was to ...determine cardiovascular risk in professional drivers and the factors that influence it, with the intention of recommending improvements in their lifestyle habits.
A retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out on 24784 professional drivers (cab drivers and bus drivers) of both sexes (23,560 men and 1227 women) in different Spanish regions. Several variables and scales related to cardiovascular risk were assessed. In order to see if this type of profession produces an increase in cardiovascular risk.
27.8% of drivers were obese, 34.7% were hypertensive, and 48.7% had a high waist to height ratio. 46.5% were considered non-metabolically healthy, in that 24.9% had metabolic syndrome with the NCEP-ATPIII criteria, 19.2% with the IDF criteria, and 37.3% with JIS criteria. 26.9% had moderate or high values on the REGICOR scale and 29.5% on the SCORE scale. 32.7% had a high risk of hepatic steatosis.
The cardiovascular risk of our drivers was high in men and moderate in women. Significant differences were found between men and women with regard to the habits of regular physical exercise and healthy eating, which could justify the lower cardiovascular risk in women.
•The overall cardiovascular risk level of the drivers included in our study can be considered high, especially in men.•27.8% of our drivers have obesity.•The prevalence of hypertension among the drivers was 34.7%.•High blood glucose values were present in 29.5% of our drivers.•The prevalence of metabolic syndrome using the NCEP ATP III model was 24.9%.
Background: Tension-type headache (TTH) is a disease with a great incidence on quality of life and with a significant socioeconomic impact. Objectives: The aim of this review is to determine the ...effectiveness of physical therapy by using manual therapy (MT) for the relief of TTH. Data sources: A review was done identifying randomized controlled trials through searches in MEDLINE, PEDro, Cochrane and CINAHL (January 2002 - April 2012). Study selection: English-language studies, with adult patients and number of subjects not under 11, diagnosed with episodic tension-type headache (ETTH) and chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) were included. Data extraction: Initial search was undertaken with the words Effectiveness, Tension-type headache, and Manual therapy (39 studies). In addition, a search which included terms related to treatments such as physiotherapy, physical therapy, spinal manipulation was performed (25 studies). Results: From the two searches 9 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analysed finding statistically significant results: 1) myofascial release, cervical traction, neck muscles trigger points in cervical thoracic muscles and stretching; 2) Superficial heat and massage, connective tissue manipulation and vertebral Cyriax mobilization; 3) cervical or thoracic spinal manipulation and cervical chin-occipital manual traction; 4) massage, progressive relaxation and gentle stretching, program of active exercises of shoulder, neck and pericranial muscles; 5) massage, passive rhythmic mobilization techniques, cervical, thoracic and lumbopelvic postural correction and cranio-cervical exercises; 6) progressive muscular relaxation combined with joint mobilization, functional, muscle energy, and strain/counterstrain techniques, and cranial osteopathic treatment; 7) massage focused on relieving myofascial trigger point activity; 8) pressure release and muscle energy in suboccipital muscles; 9) combination of mobilizations of the cervical and thoracic spine, exercises and postural correction. All studies used a combination of different techniques and none analyzed treatments separately, also all the studies have assessed aspects related to TTH beyond frequency and intensity of pain. Conclusions: The findings from these studies showed evidence that physiotherapy with articulatory MT, combined with cervical muscle stretching and massage are effective for this disease in different aspects related with TTH. No evidence was found of the effectiveness of the techniques applied separately.
Background: Obesity constitutes a public health problem worldwide and causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (MALFD), the leading cause of liver disease in developed countries, which progresses to ...liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. MAFLD is associated with obesity and can be evaluated by validated formulas to assess MAFLD risk using different parameters such as the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). However, these parameters do not accurately measure body fat. As MAFLD is strongly associated with obesity, we hypothesize that measuring body and visceral fat by electrical bioimpedance is an efficient method to predict the risk of MAFLD. The objective of our work was to demonstrate that electrical bioimpedance is a more efficient method than the BMI or WC to predict an elevated risk of MAFLD. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study involving 8590 Spanish workers in the Balearic Islands was carried out. The study’s sample of employees was drawn from those who underwent occupational medicine examinations between January 2019 and December 2020. Five MAFLD risk scales were determined for evaluating very high levels of body fat and visceral fat. The determination of body and visceral fat was performed using bioimpedanciometry. Student’s t-test was employed to ascertain the mean and standard deviation of quantitative data. The chi-square test was used to find prevalences for qualitative variables, while ROC curves were used to define the cut-off points for body and visceral fat. The calculations included the area under the curve (AUC), the cut-off points along with their Youden index, sensitivity, and specificity. Correlation and concordance between the various scales were determined using Pearson’s correlation index and Cohen’s kappa, respectively. Results: As both total body fat and visceral fat increase, the risk of MAFLD increases with a statistically significant result (p < 0.001), presenting a higher risk in men. The areas under the curve (AUC) of the five scales that assess overweight and obesity to determine the occurrence of high values of the different MAFLD risk scales were very high, most of them exceeding 0.9. These AUC values were higher for visceral and body fat than for the BMI or waist circumference. FLD-high presented the best results in men and women with the AUC at around 0.97, both for visceral fat and total body fat, with a high Youden index in all cases (women body fat = 0.830, visceral fat = 0.892; men body fat = 0.780, visceral fat = 0.881). Conclusions: In our study, all the overweight and obesity scales show a very good association with the scales assessing the risk of MAFLD. These values are higher for visceral and body fat than for waist circumference and the BMI. Both visceral fat and body fat are better associated than the BMI and waist circumference with MAFLD risk scales.
Early detection of people with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an important public health concern. Several predictive equations for T2D have been proposed but most of them have not been ...externally validated and their performance could be compromised when clinical data is used. Clinical practice guidelines increasingly incorporate T2D risk prediction models as they support clinical decision making. The aims of this study were to systematically review prediction scores for T2D and to analyze the agreement between these risk scores in a large cross-sectional study of white western European workers. A systematic review of the PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases and a cross-sectional study in 59,042 Spanish workers was performed. Agreement between scores classifying participants as high risk was evaluated using the kappa statistic. The systematic review of 26 predictive models highlights a great heterogeneity in the risk predictors; there is a poor level of reporting, and most of them have not been externally validated. Regarding the agreement between risk scores, the DETECT-2 risk score scale classified 14.1% of subjects as high-risk, FINDRISC score 20.8%, Cambridge score 19.8%, the AUSDRISK score 26.4%, the EGAD study 30.3%, the Hisayama study 30.9%, the ARIC score 6.3%, and the ITD score 3.1%. The lowest agreement was observed between the ITD and the NUDS study derived score (κ = 0.067). Differences in diabetes incidence, prevalence, and weight of risk factors seem to account for the agreement differences between scores. A better agreement between the multi-ethnic derivate score (DETECT-2) and European derivate scores was observed. Risk models should be designed using more easily identifiable and reproducible health data in clinical practice.
Objective
There is some controversy about the beneficial effects of occupational physical activity (OPA) on cardiovascular risk (CVR). The main aim of this study was to explore the effect of the ...combination of different frequencies of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and two types of OPA on CVR and body composition, and whether the association between physical activity (PA) and CVR was mediated by visceral adipose tissue (VAT).
Methods
This cross-sectional study included data from 2516 couriers living in Spain, delivering either by motorbike or foot, and practicing LTPA never, occasionally, or regularly. Couriers were classified into six categories according to LTPA and OPA; body composition was assessed by Bioelectrical Impedance, and CVR by the Framingham equation. General linear models were performed to explore the association between different categories with each outcome (CVR and body composition) and the possible role of VAT as a mediator between PA and CVR.
Results
Compared with the most sedentary group (motorbike couriers that never practice PA), walking couriers who practice regular PA presented the lowest CVR β −1.58 (95% CI −2.31; −0.85) and the lowest VAT β −2.86 (95% CI −3.74; −1.98) followed by the motorbike couriers who practiced regular PA β −0.51 (95% CI −1.00; −0.03) for CVR and β −2.33 (95% CI −2.91; −1.75) for VAT. The association between PA and CVR was partially mediated by VAT.
Conclusion
The present results indicated that both OPA and LTPA are protective factors for CVR and play an important role on VAT accumulation.
Key message
Arabidopsis med12
and
med13
mutants exhibit shoot and root phenotypes related to an altered auxin homeostasis. Sucrose supplementation reactivates both cell division and elongation in ...primary roots as well as auxin-responsive and stem cell niche gene expression in these mutants. An analysis of primary root growth of WT,
med12, aux1-7
and
med12 aux1
single and double mutants in response to sucrose and/or N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) placed MED12 upstream of auxin transport for the sugar modulation of root growth.
The MEDIATOR (MED) complex plays diverse functions in plant development, hormone signaling and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance through coordination of transcription. Here, we performed genetic, developmental, molecular and pharmacological analyses to characterize the role of MED12 and MED13 on the configuration of root architecture and its relationship with auxin and sugar responses.
Arabidopsi
s
med12
and
med13
single mutants exhibit shoot and root phenotypes consistent with altered auxin homeostasis including altered primary root growth, lateral root development, and root hair elongation. MED12 and MED13 were required for activation of cell division and elongation in primary roots, as well as auxin-responsive and stem cell niche gene expression. Remarkably, most of these mutant phenotypes were rescued by supplying sucrose to the growth medium. The growth response of primary roots of WT,
med12, aux1-7
and
med12 aux1
single and double mutants to sucrose and application of auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) revealed the correlation of
med12
phenotype with the activity of the auxin intake permease and suggests that
MED12
acts upstream of
AUX1
in the root growth response to sugar. These data provide compelling evidence that MEDIATOR links sugar sensing to auxin transport and distribution during root morphogenesis.
To evaluate different cardiovascular risk scales in construction workers.
A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 56,262 Spanish construction workers. Scales of obesity and fatty ...liver, metabolic syndrome, atherogenic indices, and cardiovascular risk scales, among others, were assessed.
In women, 19.6% were obese, 18.2% hypertensive, 12.6% had metabolic syndrome, 12% were at high risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and 4.3% were at moderate or high risk on the SCORE scale. In men, 20.1% were obese, 30.1% hypertensive, 17.5% had metabolic syndrome, and 27.6% had high or moderate risk on the SCORE scale.
Knowing the cardiovascular risk of a large number of construction workers by means of a large number of scales may be of great interest to occupational health professionals, as it may enable them to establish prevention strategies.
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