Textured n-GaN/i-InGaN/p-GaN solar cells with interdigitated imbedded electrodes (IIEs) eliminating the electrode-shading loss have been investigated. In the absence of the electrode-shading effect, ...the optimized textured solar cell exhibits a conversion efficiency of 1.03%, which is 78% and 47% higher than those of the conventional structure and the structure with mirror coated on silicon substrate with electrode shading, respectively. The short-circuit current density of this textured HE device is about 0.65 mA/cm 2 , which is 71% and 44% higher than those of the two compared structures, respectively.
Patients with chronic coronary artery disease have double the mortality rate if the condition is combined with functional mitral regurgitation. An understanding based on geometric alterations of the ...mitral apparatus in functional mitral regurgitation is desirable.
Twenty-nine subjects were enrolled in the study, including 9 healthy volunteers (control group), 12 patients with chronic coronary artery disease without functional mitral regurgitation (CAD group), and 8 patients with chronic coronary artery disease with functional mitral regurgitation (CAD+FMR group). Cine magnetic resonance imaging was performed to acquire multiple short-axis cine images from base to apex. Left ventricular end-systolic volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, mitral area, and vertices of the mitral tetrahedron, defined by medial and lateral papillary muscle roots and anterior and posterior mitral annulus, were determined from reconstructed images at end-systole. Anterior-posterior annular distance, interpapillary distance, and annular-papillary distance (the distance from the anterior or posterior mitral annulus to the medial or lateral papillary muscle roots) were calculated.
Left ventricular end-systolic volume was inversely associated with left ventricular ejection fraction (
R
2
= 0.778). Left ventricular end-systolic volume was highly associated with distances related to ventricular geometry (
R
2
= 0.742 for interpapillary distance, 0.792 for the distance from the anterior mitral annulus to the medial papillary muscle root, and 0.769 for distance from the anterior mitral annulus to the lateral papillary muscle root) but was moderately associated with distances related to annular geometry (
R
2
= 0.458 for anterior-posterior annular distance and 0.594 for mitral area, respectively). Moreover, interpapillary distance of greater than 32 mm and distance from the anterior mitral annulus to the medial papillary muscle root of greater than 64 mm readily distinguished the CAD+FMR group from the other groups.
In patients with coronary artery disease, an increase in left ventricular end-systolic volume is associated with inadequate approximation of the mitral tetrahedron during systole, which consequently leads to functional mitral regurgitation. Our study suggests that interpapillary distance and distance from the anterior mitral annulus to the medial papillary muscle root are sensitive to the increase in left ventricular end-systolic volume and reliably indicate the presence of functional mitral regurgitation.
A new coumarin derivative with blue-violet light absorption was designed and synthesized. Its structure was characterized based on elemental analysis, MS, and 1 H-NMR spectra. The absorption ...properties and thermal stability of the coumarin derivative were discussed. A sample disk, which was made by a spin-coated coumarin derivative recording layer, showed good recording and readout characteristics with CNR of about 45 dB for 8T carrier signals. These results show that the coumarin derivative dye is a promising candidate for optical recording using the wavelength of 405 nm
The p-GaN/i-InxGa1−xN/n-GaN double-heterostructure photovoltaic (PV) cells have been fabricated and the theoretical photovoltaic properties were also calculated in this work. From theoretical ...simulation, higher efficiency can be obtained in GaN/InGaN double-heterostructure photovoltaic cells with higher In composition in i-InGaN intrinsic layer. GaN/InGaN double-heterostructure photovoltaic cells with In compositions of 10%, 12%, and 14% were fabricated and characterized for demonstrating with the simulated results. The corresponding photoelectrical conversion efficiency of fabricated GaN/InGaN photovoltaic cells with In compositions of 10%, 12%, and 14% is 0.51%, 0.53%, and 0.32% under standard AM 1.5G measurement condition, respectively. GaN/InGaN photovoltaic cells with In composition of 10% showed high open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 2.07 V and fill factor (F.F.) of 80.67%. The decrease of Voc and FF was observed as In composition increasing from 10% to 14%. For comparing with the fabricated GaN/InGaN photovoltaic cells, theoretical conversion efficiency of GaN/InGaN photovoltaic cells with In compositions of 10%, 12%, and 14%, is 1.80%, 2.04%, and 2.27%, respectively. The difference of GaN/InGaN photovoltaic properties between theoretical simulation and experimental measurement could be attributed to the inferior quality of InGaN epilayer and GaN/InGaN interface generated as the increase of In composition.
In this paper, we present several kinds of two-photon recordable fluorescent oligomers. It achieves high quantum yield (0.55) and high Stoke shift (100 nm). A square mark can be recorded in the ...fluorescent disk medium and read out by a confocal laser-scanning microscopy. The contrast of signal intensity for inside and outside of the recording mark can reach 64.6%. This fluorescent oligomer can be used for multilayer optical data storage media.
Volume and phase characteristics of the left ventricle (LV) and left atrium (LA) were assessed in 31 healthy Asian adults (19 males and 12 females) using cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and an ...automated boundary detection algorithm. Volume indexes of the LV and LA were smaller than published results obtained mostly from Westerners. Other than LV mass index and percent emptying of the LA, there was no gender difference in all LV LA indexes. In associating LV LA functions with the body size and heart rate (HR), we found that LV mass and the minimum LA volume correlated strongly with the body surface area, the maximum LA volume and the reservoir volume correlated strongly with the body weight, and the time to LV peak-filling rate (LVPFRt) and the time to LA peak-emptying rate (LAPERt) correlated strongly with the HR. In associating LV with LA functions, we found that LA conduit volume contributed more than 50% of the LV stroke volume, and correlated with both systolic and diastolic functions of the LV. Moreover, LVPFRt and LAPERt were virtually identical, indicating a mechanical coupling between LV and LA during diastole. In conclusion, using time-resolved, three-dimensional volume data obtained from cine MRI, we have established normative values of LV and LA functions and their functional relationships in healthy Asian adults. The imaging acquisition protocol, data analysis algorithms, and the established normative values provide the basis for the study of left heart function in patients.
This study employed large unilamillar vesicles composed of purchased stratum corneum lipids to investigate the binding/partition of amino acids/dipeptides to stratum corneum lipid vesicles. The ...partition coefficients of amino acids/dipeptides between the stratum corneum lipid vesicles and the acetate buffer were determined by HPLC. In addition, the binding/partition enthalpy of amino acids/dipeptides with the stratum corneum lipid vesicles was derived by directly measuring the binding/partition heat with isothermal titration calorimetry. According to the binding/partition Gibbs free energy and the binding/partition enthalpy, all the binding/partition of amino acids/dipeptides with the stratum corneum lipid vesicles is endothermic, implying an entropy-driven binding/partition. Also, the equilibrium binding/partition results demonstrate that the partition coefficients of amino acids/dipeptides do not correlate with the transdermal permeability. This finding suggests that either the interaction between the penetrants and the lipid bilayer between corneocytes may not be a determining step or that the paracellular path is not a dominant route of transdermal penetration.
The subwavelength structures formed by data tracks in an optical disc are applied to improve the light trapping effect for the solar cell applications. With the proposed configuration, the reflection ...and absorption efficiencies can be effectively decreased and enhanced, respectively.
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