Currently, the majority of high nature value Slovenian grasslands have an unfavourable conservation status. Based on the available data from habitat type mappings, the surface of high nature value ...grasslands (6210(*) – semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates, 6410 – Molinia meadows, and 6510 – lowland hay meadows) at Natura 2000 sites is decreasing. The existing agri-environment measures have been only partly effective in promoting grassland biodiversity. The main threats to biodiversity are driven by various anthropogenic activities, which result in a continuous change in landscape identity, habitat fragmentation, and ecosystem degradation. Therefore, biodiversity restoration became an urgent step in conservation of high nature value grasslands. Multiple pathways may lead to the ecological restoration of grasslands with an altered, uncharacteristic floristic composition, or grasslands with an unfavourable conservation status. In this paper, we present an overview of the methods used in the restoration of grasslands from different parts of Europe. In an adapted form, these methods could also be used for the restoration of Slovenian grasslands. Grasslands may be left to spontaneous succession, which is mainly suitable for small-scale areas, located in the proximity of grasslands with well-preserved biodiversity. However, to re-establish plant communities with specialist species, a more proactive approach is usually required, such as sowing of regional or commercial seed preservation mixtures, transfer of mature plant material, or topsoil transfer from donor sites with appropriate botanical composition. Grassland restoration methods should be carefully thought-out and carried out before the habitat or species is endangered. We conclude that optimally chosen post-restoration management may have an impact that is comparable or even greater than the impact of a suitable restoration method. Nevertheless, maintenance of well-preserved grasslands is still much more cost-effective than restoration of degraded grasslands.
V zadnjih letih pol-naravno travinje vedno bolj pridobiva večnamensko vlogo v prostoru. Poleg zagotavljanja voluminozne krme domačim živalim postajajo pomembne tudi številne druge funkcije ...pol-naravnega travinja, med katerimi se vse bolj izpostavlja tudi biotska pestrost ruše. S tega vidika so posebej cenjene ruše velike naravne vrednosti. Skozi zgodovino se je biotska pestrost ohranjala predvsem z ekstenzivno pašno rabo in košnjo rastlin v obdobju dozorevanja semena. Z intenzifikacijo gospodarjenja na travinju v dvajsetem stoletju in uporabo komercialnih semenskih mešanic se je na pol-naravnem travinju biotska pestrost ruše na splošno pričela zmanjševati. V zadnjem obdobju smo se začeli zavedati negativnih posledic upadanja biotske pestrosti in začeli razvijati ukrepe za zaustavitev tega procesa. Med temi ukrepi ima pomembno vlogo setev oz. obnova ruše velike naravne vrednosti. Vir semen za zasnovo take ruše je lahko le biotsko pestro pol-naravno travinje. V svetu so se v zadnjih letih razvile različne metode pridobivanja semena in načini setve, ki omogočajo uspešno vzpostavitev izvorne biotsko pestre ruše prilagojene lokalnim rastnim razmeram.
V prvem delu raziskave je bil namen ugotoviti sestavo zeli in njihovo neto energijsko vrednost za laktacijo (NEL) glede na staranje. Na trajnem nižinskem travinju v Blatni Brezovici in Murskih črncih ...smo zbrali vzorce sedmih vrst zeli: navadni rman (Achillea millefolium L.), ozkolistni trpotec (Plantago lanceolata L), navadna lakota (Gallium mollugo L.), plazeča zlatica (Ranunculus repens L.), gomoljasta zlatica (Ranunculus bulbosus L), navadni regrat (Taraxacum officinale F. Weber) in topolistna kislica (Rumex obtusifolus L.). Ugotovili smo, da pufrska sposobnost pri navadnem rmanu in ozkolistnem trpotcu narašča s staranjem rastlin ob vseh treh oziroma štirih košnjah. Vsebnost vodotopnih ogljikovih hidratov (VOH) se je ob prvi košnji najmanj spreminjala pri navadnem rmanu (+12 g VOH kg-1 suhe snovi (SS) dnevno v Murskih črncih) in ozkolistnem trpotcu (–0,11 g kg-1 SS dnevno v Murskih črncih). Največje zmanjševanje VOH s staranjem smo ugotovili pri topolistni kislici (–3,40 g VOH kg-1 SS dnevno). Vsebnost surovih maščob (SM) se je ob prvi košnji najhitreje zmanjševala pri navadnem regratu (–0,54 oziroma –0,75 g SM kg-1 SS dnevno). Najmanj surovih beljakovin (SB) smo ugotovili v rastlinah iz družine zlatičnic (88 do 162 g SB kg-1 SS). Surova vlaknina (SVl) je najhitreje naraščala pri gomoljasti zlatici (4,31 g SVl kg-1 SS dnevno), najpočasneje pa pri navadnem regratu (0,29 oziroma 0,50 g SVl kg-1 SS dnevno). Največjo vsebnost NEL ob prvi košnji smo določili v plazeči zlatici (6,73–7,38 MJ NEL kg-1 SS), najmanjšo maja pri navadnem rmanu (4,36–6,29 MJ NEL kg-1 SS) in topolistni kislici (4,50–5,41 MJ NEL kg-1 SS). Vsebnost NEL se je najhitreje zmanjševala pri navadnem rmanu in gomoljasti zlatici (–0,05 MJ NEL kg-1 SS dnevno), najpočasneje pa pri ozkolistnem trpotcu in plazeči zlatici (–0,01 MJ NEL kg-1 SS dnevno). V drugem delu raziskave nas je zanimala silirna sposobnost navadnega rmana in ozkolistnega trpotca v primerjavi z mnogocvetno ljuljko (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in travniško bilnico (Festuca pratensis L.), pa tudi vpliv 10 in 30 % deleža omenjenih zeli v mešanici na kakovost fermentacije omenjenih silaž. Hkrati smo proučevali vpliv venenja na kakovost fermentacije in na vsebnost β-karotena v silažah. S podaljševanjem časa venenja in omejeno fermentacijo se je pH-vrednost zelo uvelih silaž razen mnogocvetne ljuljke zmanjšala manj kakor pH-vrednost neuvelih ali uvelih silaž (p < 0,05). Neuvele in uvele silaže mnogocvetne ljuljke so bile slabše kakovosti od silaž travniške bilnice, navadnega rmana, ozkolistnega trpotca ali mešanice travniške bilnice z 10- ali 30-odstotnim deležem zeli. Povezave med vsebnostjo β-karotena in drugimi produkti fermentacije so razen povezave s pH-vrednostjo in BK šibke, vendar statistično značilne (p < 0,05). Ugotavljamo, da rastlinska vrsta in venenje (p < 0,001), pa tudi njun interakcija (p < 0,01) vplivajo na vsebnost β-karotena v silaži. Mnogocvetna ljuljka in travniška bilnica vsebujeta v sveži snovi in tudi v silažah več β-karotena v primerjavi z ozkolistnim trpotcem ali navadnim rmanom. Največje izgube β-karotena smo ugotovili v zelo uvelih silažah navadnega rmana (–56,7 %) in ozkolistnega trpotca (51,1 %), precej manjše pa v silaži mnogocvetne ljuljke (48,4 %) in travniške bilnice (37,0 %). Primerjava izgub β-karotena med venenjem in siliranjem trav in zeli kaže, da so izgube med venenjem večje kakor med siliranjem. Rezultati kažejo, da se, razen pri travniški bilnici, največ β-karotena izgubi v prvih 24 urah venenja.
This article describes the design of a smart steering wheel intended for use in unobtrusive health and drowsiness monitoring. The aging population, cardiovascular disease, personalized medicine, and ...driver fatigue were significant motivations for developing a monitoring platform in cars because people spent much time in cars. The purpose was to create a unique, comprehensive monitoring system for the driver. The crucial parameters in health or drowsiness monitoring, such as heart rate, heart rate variability, and blood oxygenation, are measured by an electrocardiograph and oximeter integrated into the steering wheel. In addition, an inertial unit was integrated into the steering wheel to record and analyze the movement patterns performed by the driver while driving. The developed steering wheel was tested under laboratory and real-life conditions. The measured signals were verified by commercial devices to confirm data correctness and accuracy. The resulting signals show the applicability of the developed platform in further detecting specific cardiovascular diseases (especially atrial fibrillation) and drowsiness.
To determine the presence of circulating autoantibodies to desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and Dsg 3 in patients with oral lichen planus.
Serum concentrations of circulating autoantibodies to Dsg 1 and Dsg 3 were ...determined by ELISA in 32 patients with erosive form and 25 patients with reticular form of oral lichen planus, 13 patients with acute recurrent aphthous ulcerations and 50 healthy controls. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis was also performed.
Concentrations of circulating autoantibodies to both Dsg 1 and Dsg 3 detected in the sera of patients with erosive form of oral lichen planus were significantly increased in comparison with those in healthy controls, patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration, and those with reticular oral lichen planus (P<0.001 for both anti-Dsg autoantibodies). Indirect immunofluorescence also revealed significantly more positive findings in patients with erosive oral lichen planus (18 positive of 22 tested) than in healthy controls (1 positive of 20 tested; P<0.001), patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration (1 positive of 10 tested; P<0.001), and those with reticular oral lichen planus (3 positive of 15 tested; P<0.001).
Humoral autoimmunity seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. The differences in the serum concentration of desmoglein autoantibodies suggested that pathological mechanisms in erosive and reticular forms of oral lichen planus might not be the same.
The association between certain human papilomaviruses (HPV) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is well documented, but still unknown among Croatian women. In 1995, women between the age of ...17 and 64 with cytomorphologically abnormal smears (CIN I-IV) were tested for the presence of HPV. Consensus and specific primers were used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the most common types: 6, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33, as well as the unknown-risk HPV types (HPV X). Out of 379 specimens, 163 (43%) contained one or more HPV types. Coinfection with different HPV types in the same sample was observed in 16 cases. Beside low-risk HPV 6/11 (25.8%) the most frequently observed types were high-risk HPV types 16 (20.2%) and 31 (17.8%). Globally, the HPV positivity rate declines with age. The presence of HPV DNA significantly increased from 35.5 to 61.1% along with the severity of the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN I-IV). HPV type 6/11 was strongly associated with CIN I (33.8%), HPV type 31 with CIN II (22.9%), and HPV type 16 with CIN III (50%).
Aim: To determine the presence of circulating autoantibodies to desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and Dsg 3 in patients with oral lichen planus.
Methods: Serum concentrations of circulating autoantibodies to Dsg 1 ...and Dsg 3 were determined by ELISA in 32 patients with erosive form and 25 patients with reticular form of oral lichen planus, 13 patients with acute recurrent aphthous ulcerations and 50 healthy controls. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis was also performed.
Results: Concentrations of circulating autoantibodies to both Dsg 1 and Dsg 3 detected in the sera of patients with erosive form of oral lichen planus were significantly increased in comparison with those in healthy controls, patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration, and those with reticular oral lichen planus (P<0.001 for both anti-Dsg autoantibodies). Indirect immunofluorescence also revealed significantly more positive findings in patients with erosive oral lichen planus (18 positive of 22 tested) than in healthy controls (1 positive of 20 tested; P<0.001), patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration (1 positive of 10 tested; P<0.001), and those with reticular oral lichen planus (3 positive of 15 tested; P<0.001).
Conclusion: Humoral autoimmunity seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. The differences in the serum concentration of desmoglein autoantibodies suggested that pathological mechanisms in erosive and reticular forms of oral lichen planus might not be the same.
REFERAT, KOREFERATI I DISKUSIJA O PREGLEDU ISTORIJE SKJ, VOĐENA NA SASTANKU 26. I 27. FEBRUARA 1964. GODINE U SARAJEVU U ORGANIZACIJI INSTITUTA ZA PROUČAVANJE ISTORIJE RADNIČKOG POKRETA I DRUŠTVA ...ISTORIČARA SRBIH
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