In this work, we present ball impact test (BIT) results conducted at an impact velocity of 500 mm/s on Sn-4Ag-0.5Cu, Sn-1Ag-0.5Cu, Sn-1Ag-0.5Cu-0.05Ni, Sn-1.2Ag-0.5Cu-0.05Ni, and Sn-1Ag-0.5Cu- 0.05Ge ...package-level solder joints, bonded on substrate pads of immersion tin (IT) and direct solder on pad (DSOP) surface finishes. Differences of BIT results with respect to multi-reflow are also reported.
We present a direct sampling full-band capture receiver for cable and digital TV applications. It consists of a 28nm CMOS ADC-based direct sampling receiver and a 0.18um BiCMOS LNA. It is capable of ...receiving 158 channels from 48MHz to 1000MHz simultaneously, achieving up to 10Gb/s data throughput, while exceeding DOCSIS requirements. The CMOS receiver occupies 1mm 2 area while consuming 300mW. The LNA consumes 130mW. The total power dissipation from the receiver is 2.7mW per 6MHz channel.
Applications on mobile devices are getting more complicated with the new wave of applications in the mobile devices. The computing power for embedded devices are increased with such trends, and ...embedded multi-core platform are in a position to help boost system performance. Software frameworks integrated the multi-core platforms are often needed to help boost the system performance and reduce programming complexity. In this paper, we present a software framework based on Android and multi-core embedded systems. In the framework, we integrate the compiler toolkit chain for multi-core programming environment which includes DSP C/C++ compilers, streaming RPC programming model, debugger, ESL simulator, and power management models. We also develop software framework for face detection, voice recognition, and mobile streaming management. Those frameworks are designed as multi-core programs and are used to illustrate the design flow for applications on embedded multi-core environments equipped with Android systems. We demonstrate our proposed mechanisms by implementing two applications, Face RMS and voice recognition. The proposed framework gives a case study to illustrate software framework and design flow for emerging RMS-based and voice recognition applications on embedded multi-core systems equipped with Android systems.
Eosinophilic granulocytes are important for the human immune system. Many cationic proteins with cytotoxic activities, such as eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin ...(EDN), are released from activated eosinophils. ECP, with low RNase activity, is widely used as a biomarker for asthma. ECP inhibits cell viability and induces apoptosis to cells. However, the specific pathway underlying the mechanisms of ECP-induced cytotoxicity remains unclear. This study investigated ECP-induced apoptosis in bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells and elucidated the specific pathway during apoptosis. To address the mechanisms involved in ECP-induced apoptosis in human BEAS-2B cells, investigation was carried out using chromatin condensation, cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), sub-G1 distribution in cell cycle, annexin V labeling, and general or specific caspase inhibitors. Caspase-8-dependent apoptosis was demonstrated by cleavage of caspase-8 after recombinant ECP treatment, accompanied with elevated level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Moreover, ECP-induced apoptosis was effectively inhibited in the presence of neutralizing anti-TNF-alpha antibody. In conclusion, our results have demonstrated that ECP increased TNF-alpha production in BEAS-2B cells and triggered apoptosis by caspase-8 activation through mitochondria-independent pathway.
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection is a relatively common associated anomaly in patients with atrial septal defect (ASD), particularly among those with the sinus venosus type. The incidence of ...partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is higher than 0.7% in the general population and 10% in patients with ASD. In this study, we present two cases with initial impression of ASD, the sinus venosus type in one and the secundum type in the other. The one with the sinus venosus type was found to have a PAPVC that drained into SVC, and the other was suspected of having the same problem because an abnormal shunt was found during cardiac catheterization. This speculation could not be proved, however, due to transesophageal echocardiogram failure. Because we feared the possibility of cardiac defects other than ASD, we performed a minimally invasive operation using a small midline incision instead of the submammary incision and did a full median sternotomy on the patient to look for other complicating coexistent cardiac defects. This patient and the former one were both proven intraoperatively to have a PAPVC that drained into SVC with sinus venosus ASD. The operation to correct an ASD is a rudimentary procedure, and it often becomes a common type of minimally invasive operation among young cardiac surgeons with limited experience. A submammary incision under the impression of simple ASD may meet with certain complications. Therefore, after our experience with the latter case, we do the minimally invasive operation using a small midline incision, which can be easily extended if need be.
A 4×4 multi-input multi-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modem with one-symbol-locked timing recovery, anti-I/Q mismatch frequency recovery, frequency-dependent I/Q ...mismatch estimation and adaptive equalization is implemented in 0.13-¿m CMOS library. This chip occupies 4.6×4.6 mm 2 and consumes 62.8 mW at 1.2 V.
![TNF-[alpha] mediates eosino...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/1471-2121/small "TNF-[alpha] mediates eosinophil cationic protein-induced apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells")
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