For many years, researchers have been investigating how the creative process occurs and what factors influence it. The scope of these studies is essential in the school context to enable pupils to ...develop their creativity and thus address the needs of the 21st century society. Although very rich, these studies are generally not situated in a real teaching and learning context. The output of the present research will make it possible to model, to better understand, and to identify the creative process in pupils as they design and produce utility objects in an educational and training context with ecological validity (real context of training). In the context of teaching Creative and Manual Activities in education, in the French part of Switzerland, we are focusing on observations of the creative process in line with psychology, didactics, and pedagogy. During their class, 22 pupils were invited to create a water fountain and, in parallel, to complete a Creative process Report Diary about the stages they do and the multivariate factors (cognitive, conative, emotional, and environmental factors) they mobilize at each lesson. Results presented the main frequent stages and factors at each lesson and we proposed a model describing the transitions between the stages and how the multivariate factors are involved in each stage. They illustrate what pupils actually do in a creative learning context.
Lightning characteristics of Corsican storms with different charge structures are investigated in this study. Observations of an LMA network are used to document the total lightning activity. ...Complementary lightning observations of the lightning detection network Météorage are also used. A clustering algorithm is used to build a database of electrical cells from June to October 2018. A method is also applied to infer the vertical charge structure, as dominant dipoles, per 10‐min period for each electrical cell. As an example, one cell recorded in July 2018 is discussed. The cell database is then presented as well as the main electrical properties according to the dominant charge structures. For instance, the higher in altitude the dominant dipole, the higher the flash rate. Overall, dominant negative dipole are observed for 25% of the 10‐min periods and can be separated into two categories: (a) low altitude negative dipole class dominated by negative cloud‐to‐ground (CG) flashes with a main positive layer located between 2 and 4 km height and (b) high altitude negative dipole class, dominated by negative intracloud (IC) with a main positive layer at 5 km height. Dominant positive dipole can also be separated into two categories with (a) a dominant positive dipole located between 4.5 and 10 km high, −CG dominance, weak flash rate and (b) higher altitude dominant positive dipole, +IC dominance and a larger +CG fraction. The synergistic use of LMA and Météorage observations independently gives a rational type and polarity classification with regard to the vertical charge structure.
Plain Language Summary
Lightning characteristics of Corsican storms with different charge layers distributions are investigated in this study. Observations of the 3D lightning imager SAETTA, deployed in Corsica, are used to document the total lightning activity. Complementary lightning observations recorded by the French operational lightning detection network Météorage are also used. A algorithm is applied on the lightning data to build a database of electrical cells from June to October 2018. A method is also applied to infer the dominant dipole charge structure per 10‐min period for each electrical cell. The results show that the higher in altitude the dominant dipole, the higher the flash rate. Overall, dominant negative dipole are observed for 25% of the 10‐min periods and can be separated into two categories with low and high altitude of the dominant dipole that are associated with weak and strong flash rate. The synergistic use of the 3D lightning imager and the French operational lightning detection network gives a rational type and polarity classification to observed flashes with regard to the vertical charge structure.
Key Points
Vertical charge structures of Corsican thunderstorms and their lightning characteristics are documented based on VHF and LF observations
25% of storms 10 min‐periods showed negative dipole structures with some of them the highest flash rates recorded during the 5‐month period
Flash polarity provided by the LF lightning locating system is consistent with the inferred charge structure
We analyze lightning initiation process using magnetic field waveforms of preliminary breakdown (PB) pulses observed at time scales of a few tens of microseconds by a broad-band receiver. We compare ...these pulses with sources of narrow-band very high frequency (VHF) radiation at 60-66 MHz recorded by two separate Lightning Mapping Arrays (LMAs). We find that almost none of the observed PB pulses correspond to geo-located VHF radiation sources, in agreement with previous results and with the hypothesis that processes generating VHF radiation and PB pulses are only weakly related. However, our detailed analysis discovers that individual peaks of strong VHF radiation seen by separate LMA stations correspond surprisingly well to the PB pulses. This result shows that electromagnetic radiation generated during fast stepwise extension of developing lightning channels is spread over a large interval of frequencies. We also show that intense VHF radiation abruptly starts with the first PB pulse and that it is then continuously present during the entire PB phase of developing discharges.
With the increase of spatial resolution of weather forecast models to order O(1 km), the need for adequate observations for model validation becomes evident. Therefore, we designed and constructed ...the "KITcube", a mobile observation platform for convection studies of processes on the meso-? scale. The KITcube consists of in-situ and remote sensing systems which allow measuring the energy balance components of the Earth's surface at different sites; the mean atmospheric conditions by radiosondes, GPS station, and a microwave radiometer; the turbulent characteristics by a sodar and wind lidars; and cloud and precipitation properties by use of a cloud radar, a micro rain radar, disdrometers, rain gauges, and an X-band rain radar. The KITcube was deployed fully for the first time on the French island of Corsica during the HyMeX (Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean eXperiment) field campaign in 2012. In this article, the components of KITcube and its implementation on the island are described. Moreover, results from one of the HyMeX intensive observation periods are presented to show the capabilities of KITcube.
After a brief description of what the contemporary trans-humanism is, we analyze the use of a trans-humanist-like vocabulary made by Fr. Teilhard de Chardin. After exhibiting a contradiction in ...Teilhard’s vision of human evolution, we show how his thought contains also some interesting elements (ethics of fraternity, charity and reference to the human person and to an authentic transcendence) which could help us to correct some dangerous drifts of the recent trans-humanist philosophy.
The aim of this paper is to explain the contributions of G. Lemaître to Spinor Theory. At the end of the paper, we edited also, for the first time two short manuscripts: Spineurs et Quanta and Les ...spineurs et la physique quantique, written by Lemaître in December 1955 and in January 1956. This edition is a way of honouring Professor Michael Heller because he was the first, with Professor Odon Godart, who discovered, classified and published unedited manuscripts of G. Lemaître.
First we are describing some contemporary forms of scientific reductionism. Then we explain the arguments used by Maurice Blondel to criticize this reductionism and we show why these arguments are ...still relevant today. Finally, we study some limits of the Blondelian critics coming from his conventionalist philosophy of science (influenced by Duhem) and from his conception conception of the biological evolution.
We first show that new types of conflicts need new types of weapons, but also that new types of weapons induce new forms of conflicts. Then we study dangers coming from new military technologies: ...drones, SARMOs and LAWS as well as Cyber-weapons. Finally, we show how Christian anthropology is an appropriate frame enabling us to tackle the moral issues addressed by such new technologies.
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