Antibody therapy is a type of immunotherapy that uses monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to specifically bind to target cells to fight cancer. These mAbs have been conjugated with a number of nanocarriers ...to realize the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics. Previous data indicate that the conjugation of a mAb to a nanocarrier promoted the faster internalization (endocytosis) of the nanoconjugates. In this study, we report that the crosslinking of Rituxan, an anti-lymphoma mAb, with silver nanoparticles prevented Rituxan from entering cells and prolonged drug/cell interaction. This finding was confirmed by both imaging flow cytometric and laser scanning confocal microscopic analyses of the fluorescently labeled nanoconjugates and cells. Furthermore, nanoconjugated Rituxan resulted in the enhanced capping of CD20 molecules on the cell membrane. We were able to show that the prolonged drug/cell interaction and enhanced capping directly contributed towards improved therapeutic efficiency. This represents a significant finding indicating that the nanocarrier served not only as a simple platform for targeted delivery, but also markedly altered the antibody performance at the molecular level and mediated key biological functions. The nanoconjugates also served as a Raman probe to specifically detect single live lymphoma cells with high sensitivity via surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Via integrating the single-cell level detection sensitivity of SERS with targeted and enhanced depletion ability, this nanoconjugate can be applied as a promising tool in lymphoma theranostics.
Loin d'être sans leader, le mouvement des gilets jaunes est constamment traversé par des luttes de leadership. L'ethnographie d'un rond-point de mobilisation et des tensions qui traversent différents ...groupes lyonnais permettent de mieux comprendre l'inscription dans le temps de ce mouvement.
Digital Revolution in Laser Control Lang, Marion; Neuhaus, Rudolf; Stuhler, Jürgen
Optik & Photonik,
02/2015, Letnik:
10, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract
With a newly‐developed generation of control electronics for diode lasers, modern concepts such as intuitive multi‐touch operation or computersupported remote control are conquering laser ...laboratories worldwide. Simultaneously, the reduction of laser noise and drift has reached new records.
We report extent and rate of land use/land cover change in a forest-grassland mosaic of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during a recent period of increasing conflicts between native habitat protection and ...conversion. The area is part of the Atlantic rain forest biome, a Global Biodiversity Hotspot. Analyzing Landsat and Google Earth imagery, and calculating an effective conservation risk index () as ratio of converted to remnant area, we specifically compared the effectiveness of designated fully protected areas (-s) and Sustainable Use areas (-s) in preventing conversion of native forest and grassland habitats for agri- and silviculture, relative to areas outside. Grassland area decreased by 17%, corresponding to a net loss of 59,671 ha, in the entire area. Forest gains exceeded losses, and was zero inside Full Protection s. Non-native tree plantation area increased by 94% over the entire study area; cropland increased by 7%. Conversion for silviculture predominated outside the designated s and conversion for agriculture predominated inside the designated s. was generally higher for grassland than forest, and in -s, grassland was several times higher than in areas without any protection status. These developments are in stark contrast to the high standards of the Brazilian protected area system and corresponding International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources categories. They are due to protracted regularization of land conversion and establishment of designated protection areas. Furthermore, they reveal the dilemma of previously managed grasslands in strictly protected areas being eventually succeeded by forest, and the hazards of broad interpretation of the term "sustainable development".
4Pi Microscopy Schmidt, Roman; Engelhardt, Johann; Lang, Marion
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.),
2013, Letnik:
950
Journal Article
Optical microscopy has become a key technology in the life sciences today. Its noninvasive nature provides access to the interior of intact and even living cells, where specific molecules can be ...precisely localized by fluorescent tagging. However, the attainable 3D resolution of an optical microscope has long been hampered by a comparatively poor resolution along the optic axis. By coherent focusing through two objective lenses, 4Pi microscopy improves the axial resolution by three- to fivefold. This primer is intended as a starting point for the design and operation of a 4Pi microscope of type A.
Digital Revolution in Laser Control Lang, Marion; Neuhaus, Rudolf; Stuhler, Jürgen
Optik & Photonik,
February 2015, 20150201, Letnik:
10, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
With a newly‐developed generation of control electronics for diode lasers, modern concepts such as intuitive multi‐touch operation or computersupported remote control are conquering laser ...laboratories worldwide. Simultaneously, the reduction of laser noise and drift has reached new records.
Antibody therapy is a type of immunotherapy that uses monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to specifically bind to target cells to fight cancer. These mAbs have been conjugated with a number of nanocarriers ...to realize the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics. Previous data indicate that the conjugation of a mAb to a nanocarrier promoted the faster internalization (endocytosis) of the nanoconjugates. In this study, we report that the crosslinking of Rituxan, an anti-lymphoma mAb, with silver nanoparticles prevented Rituxan from entering cells and prolonged drug/cell interaction. This finding was confirmed by both imaging flow cytometric and laser scanning confocal microscopic analyses of the fluorescently labeled nanoconjugates and cells. Furthermore, nanoconjugated Rituxan resulted in the enhanced capping of CD20 molecules on the cell membrane. We were able to show that the prolonged drug/cell interaction and enhanced capping directly contributed towards improved therapeutic efficiency. This represents a significant finding indicating that the nanocarrier served not only as a simple platform for targeted delivery, but also markedly altered the antibody performance at the molecular level and mediated key biological functions. The nanoconjugates also served as a Raman probe to specifically detect single live lymphoma cells with high sensitivity
via
surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).
Via
integrating the single-cell level detection sensitivity of SERS with targeted and enhanced depletion ability, this nanoconjugate can be applied as a promising tool in lymphoma theranostics.
Rituxan nanoconjugation prolongs drug/cell interaction and enables simultaneous depletion and enhanced Raman detection of lymphoma cells.
We demonstrate that oil immersion lenses with a semi-aperture angle >/= 74 degrees enable 4Pi confocal fluorescence microscopy of type A with 1 photon excitation. The axial sidelobes amount to < 50 % ...of the main diffraction maximum, implying that lobe induced artifacts can be removed from the image data. The advancement reported herein enables a relative inexpensive implementation of 4Pi microscopy, providing axially superresolved 3D-imaging in transparent samples. As an example, we show dual-color 4Pi images of double stained Golgi stacks in a mammalian cell with 110 nm axial resolution. The resolution can be further enhanced to values slightly below 100 nm by image deconvolution.
Abstract
Aktiv‐kontrollierte Optiken in Reflexion oder Durchlicht: Was als militärische Vision in Zeiten des Kalten Krieges begann, findet heute Anwendungen an vielen Stellen, an denen Brechung die ...Lichtwege verzerrt, die Atmosphäre die Abbildung verschmiert, aber auch dort, wo eine aktive Fokuskontrolle gewünscht wird. Adaptive Optik wird daher nicht nur in der Astronomie zur Kompensation der Deformation stellarer Wellenfronten durch die turbulenten Luftschichten der Atmosphäre eingesetzt. Sie spielt auch eine zunehmend größere Rolle beim Laserschneiden, zur Diagnose von Augenerkrankungen oder in der Mikroskopie.
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