High entropy alloys (HEAs) have gained significant attention due to their unique combinations of properties and extensive compositional space. However, designing HEAs with specific properties has ...become increasingly complex and challenging. To address this issue, a Deep Interpretable Scheme for Material Attribution Analysis (DISMAA) was developed to systematically uncover the composition-structure-property (CSP) relationships of HEAs and generate novel compositions. The approach combines a deep generative model, trained with limited data, to create a continuous composition space of AlCoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloys, and additional deep learning models, trained with more data, to predict the corresponding phase and properties. Attribution and sensitivity analysis techniques are used to analyze the contribution of each element to different materials properties and phases. The distributions of composition, phase, mechanical property, and contribution of elements are visualized in the latent space, providing a novel and intuitive approach to analyze CSP relationships using deep learning. The efficacy of the method was validated, demonstrating the interpretability and rationality of the deep neural network model for material inverse design applications. This approach can be applied to tailor multiple properties and manufacturing parameters in various materials systems, providing scientists with a comprehensive context for designing HEAs.
•A new systematic framework: Deep Interpretable Scheme for Material Attribution Analysis (DISMAA) to design alloys.•Quantitively analyze elemental attribution and sensitivity to high entropy alloys (HEAs).•Inverse design new materials with a variant model of variational autoencoders (vVAE).•Visualization of high dimensional composition, structure and property space.
An effective strategy to strengthen a superalloy processed by selective laser melting (SLM) is proposed. The aim is to increase the yield strength of Inconel 718 fabricated by SLM to beyond 1400 MPa, ...which has never been achieved before. In this study, various NbC additions (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 5.0% by weight) were added in the powder bed of Inconel 718, and two types of post-SLM heat treatments were investigated, i.e., solution heat treated plus aging (STA) and direct aging (DA). With NbC addition, smaller depth of melt pool and finer dendritic cells were obtained. Both STA and DA promoted the precipitations of γ′ and γ″. STA eliminated the cellular dendrites and induced grain growth while DA retained the as-built cellular dendrites, grain size, and nano-carbide from NbC addition, rendering a significant 326.2 MPa increase in yield strength. In this work, 0.5% NbC addition exhibited a record-high yield strength of 1461 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of 1575 MPa for Inconel 718 processed by laser manufacturing process according to literature data to-date.
Performance improvement on Ge nFinFET, pFinFET and CMOS inverter can be achieved by using a novel low temperature damage-free supercritical phase fluid (SCF) treatment. Thanks to effective reduction ...of unstable oxidation states, oxygen vacancies and interface traps, higher on-off current ratios (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{8}\times {10}^{{5}} </tex-math></inline-formula> for pFinFET and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{3.3}\times {10}^{{5}} </tex-math></inline-formula> for nFinFET), lower S.S. (72 mV/dec), higher on current (>45% improvement) and better reliability in Ge FinFETs are achieved with a SCF treatment as compared with a remote plasma post-oxidation (PPO) one. Besides, a higher voltage gain (88 V/V) of Ge FinFET CMOS inverter is obtained with a SCF treatment in comparison with a remote PPO one.
This study investigated the electrical properties of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with varied recess depths under the gate electrode. We demonstrated a recess depth of ...approximately 6 nm, which was achieved through neutral beam etching (NBE) technique with a low etch rate of 1.8 nm/min, resulting in device enhancement-mode (E-mode) behavior with threshold voltage (V th ) of 0.49 V. The effects of post-metallization annealing (PMA) on the device performance were also examined. The results revealed that PMA treatment improves the DC characteristics of the devices, including maximum drain current (I DMAX ), transconductance (g m ), subthreshold swing (SS), on-off ratio, and off-state leakage current, with maximum enhancement percentage of 18.3% for I DMAX , 3758% for on-off ratio, and 54.3% for SS. Moreover, this study compared the recess depths of metal-insulator-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) with the SiN dielectric layer. The results showed that MIS-HEMTs exhibit more negative V th values, which can be attributed to the controlled surface states achieved through passivation.
In this article, heterogeneous complementary field-effect-transistor (CFET) constructed by vertically stacking amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) n-channel on poly-Si p-channel with their ...own dielectric layer and work function metal gate inverters were demonstrated. Meanwhile, high-frequency IGZO radio frequency (RF) devices with poly-Si as guard ring material simultaneously were fabricated in the same process. High <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{f}_{\text {T}} </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{f}_{\text {max}} </tex-math></inline-formula> IGZO Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFICs) with the excellent on-off ratio need to be promoted by introducing fluorine-based gas. For the IGZO device in CFET, its threshold voltage can be tuned by the adjusted gate for ideal inverter operation at different supply voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{V}_{\text {DD}} </tex-math></inline-formula>). Moreover, the swing of the IGZO transistor and the gain extracted from voltage transfer characteristic (VTC) curves can also be improved when the controlled gate and adjusted gate are connected as an input terminal, but the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{V}_{\text {TH}} </tex-math></inline-formula> tunability for the inverter is satisfied in the meantime. We also simulated 6T-SRAM circuit by SPICE model to further investigate the potential of an adjusted gate for optimizing the noise margin during SRAM operation.
This paper establishes a cross-industry pollution externality model under centralized labor union. In delineating the motivations of a benevolent government, it might be possible to tax part of the ...welfare gains and use the revenue to compensate the affected polluting industry for the damage costs, thereby improving welfare. We show that the magnitude of marginal pollution plays a critical role. When the marginal pollution is large, the government should tax the pollution firm to reduce the pollution. However, when the marginal pollution is small, the government should subsidize the polluted firm to increase output and enhance consumer surplus.
Radio frequency devices based on the state-of-the-art gate-all-around (GAA) nanosheet CFET process suffer from extra parasitic capacitance due to the stacked architecture compared to planar or FinFET ...devices. In this study, we first calibrate the TCAD process simulation model to experimental data. Subsequently, the model is applied to the simulation of RF characteristics of CFET devices with similar design as our real devices. Subsequently, the influence of various design parameters of the CFET structure are investigated, with emphasis on high frequency characteristics. The optimal design for CFET-based RF device is determined, which resulted in and fT and fMax improvements by 3.74 times and 8.44 times, respectively.
In this paper, we aim to investigate the collusive stability in the presence of network externalities among firms with relative performance in the firm’s objective functions. We demonstrate that ...collusive stability is increasing (decreasing) in the degree of relative performance, product substitutability and network effect when the network effect is sufficiently large (small). A competition agency might need to provide different guidance for anti-competitive regulation in the network industry.
Due to its unpredictability, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the global business climate and commercial management practices in unprecedented ways. As a direct result of the ...pandemic, the hospitality and tourism sectors have shut down, and business failure rates have occurred exponentially. The franchise hospitality industry has experienced significant impact and challenged a basic understanding of knowledge management (KM) implementation in the face of the COVID-19 outbreak. A strategic KM implementation practice can not only guide a large-scale operation, but also adjust an organization’s performance and competitiveness. The purpose of this study is to examine the influential criteria of success through effective KM implementation and to predict the probability of successful KM in a post-pandemic era. The conceptual framework for KM applies an analytic hierarchical prediction model reliant upon consistent fuzzy preference relations to assist the franchise hospitality sector’s consciousness of the influential criteria. An empirical case study is used to apply pairwise comparisons used to determine the priority weights and two possible outcomes. The case study will assist franchise organizations to analyze whether or not to implement KM, interdict application, or adopt revised actions. This assistance will enhance the success possibility of KM implementation within such a crisis environment. This study uses a case setting by assessing 15 franchises hospitality experts’ opinions in Taiwan relevant to KM implementation.
In Taiwan, lung cancers occur predominantly in never-smokers, of whom nearly 60% have stage IV disease at diagnosis. We aimed to assess the efficacy of low-dose CT (LDCT) screening among ...never-smokers, who had other risk factors for lung cancer.
The Taiwan Lung Cancer Screening in Never-Smoker Trial (TALENT) was a nationwide, multicentre, prospective cohort study done at 17 tertiary medical centres in Taiwan. Eligible individuals had negative chest radiography, were aged 55-75 years, had never smoked or had smoked fewer than 10 pack-years and stopped smoking for more than 15 years (self-report), and had one of the following risk factors: a family history of lung cancer; passive smoke exposure; a history of pulmonary tuberculosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders; a cooking index of 110 or higher; or cooking without using ventilation. Eligible participants underwent LDCT at baseline, then annually for 2 years, and then every 2 years up to 6 years thereafter, with follow-up assessments at each LDCT scan (ie, total follow-up of 8 years). A positive scan was defined as a solid or part-solid nodule larger than 6 mm in mean diameter or a pure ground-glass nodule larger than 5 mm in mean diameter. Lung cancer was diagnosed through invasive procedures, such as image-guided aspiration or biopsy or surgery. Here, we report the results of 1-year follow-up after LDCT screening at baseline. The primary outcome was lung cancer detection rate. The p value for detection rates was estimated by the χ
test. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between lung cancer incidence and each risk factor. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of LDCT screening were also assessed. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02611570, and is ongoing.
Between Dec 1, 2015, and July 31, 2019, 12 011 participants (8868 females) were enrolled, of whom 6009 had a family history of lung cancer. Among 12 011 LDCT scans done at baseline, 2094 (17·4%) were positive. Lung cancer was diagnosed in 318 (2·6%) of 12 011 participants (257 2·1% participants had invasive lung cancer and 61 0·5% had adenocarcinomas in situ). 317 of 318 participants had adenocarcinoma and 246 (77·4%) of 318 had stage I disease. The prevalence of invasive lung cancer was higher among participants with a family history of lung cancer (161 2·7% of 6009 participants) than in those without (96 1·6% of 6002 participants). In participants with a family history of lung cancer, the detection rate of invasive lung cancer increased significantly with age, whereas the detection rate of adenocarcinoma in situ remained stable. In multivariable analysis, female sex, a family history of lung cancer, and age older than 60 years were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer and invasive lung cancer; passive smoke exposure, cumulative exposure to cooking, cooking without ventilation, and a previous history of chronic lung diseases were not associated with lung cancer, even after stratification by family history of lung cancer. In participants with a family history of lung cancer, the higher the number of first-degree relatives affected, the higher the risk of lung cancer; participants whose mother or sibling had lung cancer were also at an increased risk. A positive LDCT scan had 92·1% sensitivity, 84·6% specificity, a PPV of 14·0%, and a NPV of 99·7% for lung cancer diagnosis.
TALENT had a high invasive lung cancer detection rate at 1 year after baseline LDCT scan. Overdiagnosis could have occurred, especially in participants diagnosed with adenocarcinoma in situ. In individuals who do not smoke, our findings suggest that a family history of lung cancer among first-degree relatives significantly increases the risk of lung cancer as well as the rate of invasive lung cancer with increasing age. Further research on risk factors for lung cancer in this population is needed, particularly for those without a family history of lung cancer.
Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan.
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