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•Honey as activator of endogenous stem cells.•Honey as innovative stem cell therapy for various diseases based on the mobilization and homing of endogenous stem cells.•Honey-Derived ...Phytochemicals can regulate proliferation and differentiation of stem cells.
Endogenous stem cell (ESC) exploration refers to an increase in the number of stem cells residing in the human body. This can be achieved by administering natural substances, such as honey, which can activate stem cells. Numerous studies have explored the potential of honey for animal and human health, including its antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-osteoporosis, anti-malnutrition, and anti-fertility properties. Here, we review the scientific data on the importance of honey as a potential natural substance, and how its ability to activate endogenous stem cells can lead to new therapeutic strategies for different diseases. Honey majorly contributes to stem cell proliferation and differentiation and consequently tissue repair via mobilization and homing of endogenous stem cells toward damaged tissues. Altogether, bioactive compounds in honey or phytochemicals are potential compounds for enhancing stem cell therapeutics for several degenerative diseases.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the breeding performance of Indonesian beef cattle (Ongole cross) as recipients for embryo transfer using Limousin embryos. As a result, the pregnancy rate ...was 35% (7 out of 20 cows). There was a significant difference (P<0.01) in the serum progesterone concentration between the nonpregnant and pregnant cows at the time of the embryo transfer (day 7 after the estrus). The pregnancy rate in the Indonesian beef cows was low, which may be due to their insufficient genetic quality and/or low physical conditions caused by the poor management, like a low-nutrition diet. The low progesterone concentration in the nonpregnant cows on day 7 may be associated with the failure of embryo implantation.
Background and Aim: Mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A (OTA) are secondary metabolites in molds that grow in raw materials or commercial feed. This interaction has a synergistic effect ...on mortality, body weight, feed intake, embryo abnormalities, egg production, and lymphoid organ atrophy. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a mycotoxin detoxifier on the blood profile of broilers that were given feed contaminated with mycotoxin, such as the number of heterophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and MCH concentration (MCHC). Materials and Methods: A total of 20 day-old chicks (DOC) of Cobb broilers were given four treatments with five replicates. The number of chickens used in this research was determined using statistical calculations, and the data obtained was homogeneous so that the population was represented. Treatments included negative control with basal feed (C-), positive control with mycotoxins contamination (C+), treatment 1: Mycotoxins contamination and mycotoxin detoxification 1.1 g/kg (T1), and treatment 2: Mycotoxins contamination and mycotoxin detoxification 1.6 g/kg (T2). Mycotoxin contamination comprised 0.1 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 and 0.1 mg/kg OTA. The treatment period for chickens was 28 days, from 8 to 35 days. A battery cage was used in this study. Chickens were kept in a closed, ventilated room and the room temperature (27°C) was monitored during the treatment period. Results: Based on the results of statistical data processing, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between chickens fed mycotoxin-contaminated feed (C+) and chickens not fed mycotoxin-contaminated feed (C-) and chickens given 1.6 g/kg mycotoxin detoxification (T2). Mycotoxin detoxification at a dose of 1.6 g/kg had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the heterophil, lymphocyte, and heterophil lymphocyte ratio, leukocyte, erythrocyte, and hemoglobin levels of the blood broiler in this experiment. On other parameters such as monocytes, MCH, and MCHC, treatment 2 at dose 1.6 g/kg was the best treatment, although there was no significant effect with C- and T1. Conclusion: The administration of mycotoxin detoxifiers at a dose of 1.6 g/kg increased the number of heterophils and the ratio of heterophil lymphocytes, leukocytes, erythrocytes, and hemoglobin in broilers fed mycotoxin-contaminated feed. Keywords: blood profile, broiler, healthy, mycotoxin detoxifier, mycotoxin.
Immune adaptation plays an essential role in determining pregnancy, which has been shown to be dependent on sufficient immunological tolerance mediated by FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. Recently, an ...X-linked maternal single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), located 2175 base pairs upstream of the start codon in the bovine FOXP3 gene (NC_037357.1: g.87298881A>G, rs135720414), was identified in Japanese Black (JB: Bos taurus) cows in association with recurrent infertility. However, with the exception of JB cows, the frequency of this SNP has yet to be studied in other cow populations. In this study, we thus aimed to evaluate the frequency of this SNP in different cow breeds. Between 2018 and 2021, a total of 809 DNA samples were obtained from 581 JB, 73 Holstein Friesian (HF: B. taurus), 125 Korean Hanwoo (KH: B. taurus coreanae), and 30 Indonesian Madura (IM: a crossbreed between B. indicus and B. javanicus) cows, which were genotyped using a TaqMan probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction assay designed in this study. The frequency of the G allele was found to be relatively high in local IM (0.700), moderate in dairy HF (0.466), and low in beef JB (0.250) and KH (0.112) cows, with differences in the frequencies between each group being shown to be statistically significant (p < 0.005) using Fisher’s exact test. The results obtained in this study indicate that the G allele frequencies of the identified the SNP differ markedly in different breeds of taurine and indicine cattle. Given these findings, it would thus be important to evaluate the relationships between high frequencies of the G allele and infertility in different breeds.
Blood-stain or blood splatter analysis when used properly can assist in establishing a chain of events linked to violent crimes (Bevel and Gardner, 2008). The methods used in detecting blood ...splatters in the field are chemical methods. Leucomalachite green is a colorimetric test which is used to test the presence of blood (Castro and Coyle, 2008). Takayama reagent is a confirmatory test for blood (Strassman, 1922). The aim of this research is to detect the blood splatter on cotton fabric after it has been dried for 1 day, 3 days and 5 days using Leucomalachite green and Takayama reagent. Cotton fabric was specifically chosen for this experiment with 3 different periods of drying. The unstained cotton fabric was cut into squares, and a blood sample was splattered on each piece. The fabrics splattered with blood were then dried for 1 day, 3 days and 5 days. The blood splatter was then tested using Leucomalachite green and Takayama reagent, and the results were noted afterwards. For the control, red food dye was dried for 1 day then tested with Leucomalachite green and Takayama reagent. The image results of the Leucomalachite green test are analyzed using ImageJ software 1.8.0_112 where the red, green and blue pixels are converted to grayscale. The image results of the Takayama test are graded based on the number and pattern of crystal. In conclusion, Leucomalachite green and Takayama reagent are able to detect cat blood splatter on the cotton fabric. Leucomalachite green produced a higher intensity/ darker colour as a result of an older sample, and the lower intensity/ lighter colour as a result of a fresher sample of the Leucomalachite green test. Takayama reagent produced a densely packed pattern of crystals as a result of an older sample, and the loosely packed pattern of crystals as a result of a fresher sample of the Takayama test.
This study aimed to evaluate the profile of progesterone in dairy cattle with ovarian hypofunction. A total of 10 cows in this study were evaluated three times in the collection phase, i.e. (F1) when ...the cow was diagnosed with ovarian hypofunction, (F2) when the cow was in heat and (F3) 21 days after artificial insemination to detect pregnancy. Samples in the form of blood serum were then analyzed using ELISA. As a result, the average time of heat in ovarian hypofunction cows was 7,4 days. Progesterone levels in F1 were 1,027 ng/ml, 2,774 ng/ml, 1,476 ng/ml, 2,256 ng/ml, 1,258 ng/ml, 1,758 ng/ml, 2,393 ng/ml, 0,592 ng/ml, 0,755 ng /ml, 1,876 ng/ml, respectively. Progesterone levels in F2 were 0,671 ng/ml, 0,517 ng/ml, 0,763 ng/ml, 0,598 ng/ml, 0,615 ng/ml, 0,537 ng/ml, 0,726 ng/ml, 0,643 ng/ml, 0,593 ng/ml, 0,975ng/ml, respectively. Progesterone levels in F3 were 15,642 ng/ml, 4,215 ng/ml, 17,327 ng/ml, 20,721 ng/ml, 5,796 ng/ml, 17,214 ng/ml, 15,815 ng/ml, 16,745 ng/ml, 4,632 ng /ml, 18,281 ng/ml, respectively. The pregnancy rate in hypofunctional cows treated with PG-600 in this study was 70%.
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