Although there are many works trying to make it easier and quicker, the difficulty of grid-enabled application development is still one of the stumbling blocks to employ grid as infrastructure of ...geo-computation. In this paper, situation is introduced to describe application requirements and available resources for users first. Based on the study on definition, acquirement, processing and matching of situation, a grid application generation model based on situation processing is proposed, which can create grid applications for geo-computation more simply and quickly. Experiments on the implementation and test show that situation processing based grid application generation model can reduce the complexity of application development in spatial information grid, and make it simpler to create grid applications for geo-computation.
Hiodon is a Recent genus of fishes endemic to the fresh waters of North America; it is represented by two species: Hiodon tergisus Lesueur and H. alosoides (Rafinesque). Two specimens of ...osteoglossomorph collected from the Eocene-Oligocene Kishenehn Formation of northwestern Montana represent a new fossil species that is more closely related to the Recent Hiodon than it is to the Eocene †Eohiodon. The close relationship of this new species to Hiodon is supported by derived characters of the nasal, the opercular series, the jaws, the basihyal tooth plate, the infraorbitals, and the caudal skeleton.
Comparative study of the postcranial skeleton of Recent and fossil hiodontids illustrates several stages in the evolution of the Hiodontidae: 1) origin of seven-rayed pelvic fins by the late Early Cretaceous (evidenced by †Yanbiania); 2) development of an anal fin larger than the dorsal fin and supported by 16 or more anal pterygiophores at least as early as the early Late Cretaceous (evidenced by †Plesiolycoptera); 3) evolution of a falcate dorsal fin and a sexually dimorphic anal fin at least as early as the Eocene (evidenced by †Eohiodon); and 4) increase in number of vertebrae accompanied by changes in the caudal skeleton as seen in the new fossil species and in Recent species of Hiodon.
A series of the electrochemical and long-term corrosion tests was carried out in a 3.5 wt% Na2SO4 solution on thermal-sprayed WC-17Co and WC-10Co-4Cr cermet coatings in order to examine the effect of ...composition of binder materials on the corrosion behavior. The results reveal that the overall corrosion resistance of the WC-17Co coating is inferior to that of the WC-Co-Cr coatings due to the corrosion of binder materials which induce WC particles to fall off. CoO and WO3 oxide films form on the surface of WC-17Co coating in Na2SO4 solution electrochemical corrosion process, which will protect the coating in the process of corrosion. Cr2O3 oxide film formed on the WC-10Co-4Cr coating surface has a strong hindered role to corrosion. The corrosion mechanism of WC-17Co coating in Na2SO4 solution is entire corrosion of Co matrix, while it is film-hole corrosion mechanism for WC-10Co-4Cr coating.
An immobilized pH gradient (IPG) has strong power against instability (e.g., drifting and plateau) existing in classic isoelectric focusing (IEF). However, the relevant mechanism against the ...instability of pH gradient is still unclear. In this work, the theories of diffusional current and water products in IEF were developed based on the Svensson-Tiselius's differential equation and concept of moving reaction boundary (MRB). Two novel methods of pH gradient mobilization in IPG-IEF and non-IPG-IEF (opposite to IPG-IEF) were developed to unveil stability mechanism of IPG-IEF. The theoretical and experimental results indicated that (i) the drifting of pH gradient in non-IPG-IEF could be effectively controlled by IPG technique due to the existence of equal-fluxes of hydroxyl and hydrogen ions in the IPG-IEF system, (ii) there existed high diffusional current in non-IPG-IEF because of the existence of free carrier ampholyte (CA), but weak current in the IPG-IEF due to the immobilization of CA species in gel matrix, and (iii) the high diffusional current resulted in a great amount of water formation in neutral zone of pH gradient that led to distinct plateau in non-IPG-IEF, conversely the weak diffusional current caused little of water formation and weak plateau of pH gradient in IPG-IEF. These studies have considerable significance to the understanding of mechanism and development of protein IEF separation technique.
With the east section of the Changji sag Zhunger Basin as a case study, both a principal curvature method and a moving least square method are elaborated. The moving least square method is ...introduced, for the first time, to fit a stratum surface. The results show that, using the same-degree base function, compared with a traditional least square method, the moving least square method can produce lower fitting errors, the fitting surface can describe the morphological characteristics of stratum surfaces more accurately and the principal curvature values vary within a wide range and may be more suitable for the prediction of the distribution of structural fractures. The moving least square method could be useful in curved surface fitting and stratum curvature analysis.
Data grid is powerful for distributed data sharing and collaborating, which is very important for the spatial information applications. But the difference among meta-data produced by space agencies ...around the world makes it difficult to re-organize data and share them. In this paper, a way named meta-data adapter is proposed, which can interpreter original meta-data with different syntax and semantic rules to required meta-data so that they can be organized as a distributed, heterogeneous, synergic, uniform interfaced, and inherent features based virtual remote sensing data catalog. Based on the meta-data adapter, SIG can build up a powerful and flexible data grid for spatial information applications. The experience of ldquoremote sensing data distribution system for WenChuan earthquake rescuingrdquo amazingly quick founding shows that meta-data adapter is a powerful and economical way to solve the problem of meta-data difference in data grid for spatial information applications. And it may be more powerful and extensible with the help of situation-based intelligent automatic adapter generating.
According to mineral blending problem of poly-metallic deposits, this paper addresses a single-objective blending model and a multi-objective blending model separately. An open-pit copper-molybdenum ...mine was chosen as an engineering background to demonstrate these two models. Then actual blending results of two models were analyzed comparatively. It is concluded that multi-objective mineral blending model is more suitable for practical production in poly-metallic deposits with more flexibility and accuracy.
Water safety early warning is an essential and important basis for sustainable rural safe drinking water projects management and running. in this paper, we firstly analyzed the major influencing ...factors to water safety early warning. Secondly we establish a water supply safety early-warning assessment index system, and give classification standards for water supply safety early-warning assessment. Further, with the fuzzy assessment theory we propose a fuzzy warning assessment model approach. Finally the model and methods are used in Qingdao, and obtained t the rural water safety early-alarm level is ‘middle warning’.
Migration and invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are critical in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Hypoxic conditions are present in RA joints, and hypoxia has been ...extensively studied in angiogenesis and inflammation. However, its effect on the migration and invasion of RA-FLSs remains unknown. In this study, we observed that RA-FLSs exposed to hypoxic conditions experienced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), with increased cell migration and invasion. We demonstrated that hypoxia-induced EMT was accompanied by increased hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha expression and activation of Akt. After knockdown or inhibition of HIF-1alpha in hypoxia by small interfering RNA or genistein (Gen) treatment, the EMT transformation and invasion ability of FLSs were regained. HIF-1alpha could be blocked by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, LY294002, indicating that HIF-1alpha activation was regulated by the PI3K/Akt pathway. Administration of LY294002 (20 mg/kg, intra-peritoneally) twice weekly and Gen (25 mg/kg, by gavage) daily for 3 weeks from day 20 after primary immunization in a collagen-induced arthritis rat model, markedly alleviated the clinical signs, radiology progression, synovial hyperplasia, and inflammatory cells infiltration of joints. Thus, results of this study suggest that activation of the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha pathway plays a pivotal role in mediating hypoxia-induced EMT transformation and invasion of RA-FLSs under hypoxia.
Six new compounds, hyperpatulones A-F (
1-6
), along with ten additional known related derivatives (
7-16
), were isolated from
Hypericum patulum
(Guttiferae). Their structures were elucidated by ...extensive analysis of spectroscopic data (IR, UV, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR), X-ray crystallography, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy and Rh
2
(OCOCF
3
)
4
-induced ECD. All compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activities on human HepG-2, HeLa, MCF-7, and A549 cell lines
via
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Compound
5
exhibited significant cytotoxicities against HepG-2, HeLa and A549 cell lines with IC
50
values of 9.52 ± 0.27, 11.87 ± 0.22 and 12.63 ± 0.12 μM, respectively.
Six new PPAPs (
1-6
) were isolated from
Hypericum patulum
and compound
5
exhibited significant cytotoxicities on various tumor cell lines.
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