Abstract
Drought is one of the major natural disasters in the world, and it is important to understand and grasp the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of drought for drought monitoring and ...prevention. In this study, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) was calculated based on monthly precipitation and average temperature data from 15 meteorological stations in Henan Province, China during the period 1987–2020. The spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of droughts in Henan Province were analyzed using run theory and Moran's I, and drought prediction was carried out using grey disaster theory. The results show that: (1) During the period 1987–2020, the overall drought in Henan Province shows a slow intensification trend, and SPEI-12 has a certain adaptability in the drought characterization of Henan Province; (2) The frequency of droughts in the northern and eastern regions of Henan Province is high, the southern region is prone to continuous drought, the drought ephemeris and intensity show a strong positive correlation, and the spatial spillover effect of autumn drought is the most obvious; (3) The grey disaster prediction model has excellent accuracy and predicts that the next possible drought in Henan Province will be in the east of Henan Province in the spring of 2023.
Time series characterized by periodic fluctuations are widespread in reality behavioural systems, and accurate forecasting of them has important practical application value. In this paper, based on ...the idea of discrete grey model, dual interaction effects and the nonlinear characteristics of the system are considered under the perspective of dual processing, and the fluctuating trend of the periodic sequence is portrayed through the introduction of the periodic dummy variable, and at the same time, combined with the extended periodic rolling time window method, the rolling discrete grey periodic power model with the interaction effect under dual processing is proposed, namely DIE-RDGM(1,1,T)α model. Differential evolution algorithm (DE) are employed to determine the optimum power index. Finally, the new model was compared with nine other forecasting models by three instances and applied to the problem of agricultural drought forecasting in Zhoukou City and Anyang City, Henan Province. The results show: (1) The new model has demonstrated strong competitiveness, confirming its rationality, validity, and superiority. (2) The DE is suitable for power index optimization search. (3) The new model can better describe the periodic change rule of seasonal-scale soil moisture in the two cities, and the forecast results are consistent with the actual drought conditions.
PurposeThe damping accumulated discrete MGM(1, m) power model is proposed for the problem of forecasting the share of agricultural output value and the share of employment in ...China.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the damping accumulated discrete MGM(1, m) power model was developed based on the idea of discrete modelling by introducing a damping accumulated generating operator and power index. The new model can better identify the non-linear characteristics existing between different factors in the multivariate system and can accurately describe and forecast the trend of changes between data series and each of them.FindingsThe validity and rationality of the new model are verified through numerical experiment. It is forecasted that in 2023, the share of agricultural output value in China will be 7.14% and the share of agricultural employment will be 21.98%, with an overall decreasing trend.Practical implicationsThe simultaneous decline in the share of agricultural output value and the share of employment is a common feature of countries that have achieved agricultural modernisation. Accurate forecasts of the share of agricultural output value and the share of employment can provide an important scientific basis for formulating appropriate agricultural development targets and policies in China.Originality/valueThe new model proposed in this study fully considers the importance of new information and has higher stability. The differential evolutionary algorithm was used to optimise the model parameters.
Impaired angiogenesis and wound healing carry significant morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Metabolic stress from hyperglycemia and elevated free fatty acids have been shown to inhibit ...endothelial angiogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that dysregulation of the Hippo–Yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway, an important signaling mechanism in regulating tissue repair and regeneration, underlies palmitic acid (PA)-induced inhibition of endothelial angiogenesis. PA inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation, which were associated with increased expression of mammalian Ste20-like kinases 1 (MST1), YAP phosphorylation/inactivation, and nuclear exclusion. Overexpression of YAP or knockdown of MST1 prevented PA-induced inhibition of angiogenesis. When searching upstream signaling mechanisms, we found that PA dysregulated the Hippo–YAP pathway by inducing mitochondrial damage. PA treatment induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release to cytosol, and activated cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS–STING–IRF3 signaling. Activated IRF3 bound to the MST1 gene promoter and induced MST1 expression, leading to MST1 up-regulation, YAP inactivation, and angiogenesis inhibition. Thus, mitochondrial damage and cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS–STING–IRF3 signaling are critically involved in PA-induced Hippo–YAP dysregulation and angiogenesis suppression. This mechanism may have implication in impairment of angiogenesis and wound healing in diabetes.
•Four hybrid models were constructed for groundwater potential mapping and different sample datasets (D1–D3) were used to increase the confidence of the result.•The Sparrow Search Algorithm was first ...used in groundwater modeling.•The correlation between conditioning factors and groundwater occurrence were analyze.•The hybrid models were validated using ROC curve and related statistical indexes.•All hybrid models obtained high accuracy on the training and validation datasets, and the Sparrow Search Algorithm performs better.
Groundwater is considered to be one of the most valuable natural resources in the world. However, the availability of groundwater is of concern. Therefore, understanding the potential of groundwater is very important for the utilization of water resources. The main goal of the study was to predict and assess the groundwater using hybrid machine learning and metaheuristic algorithms to automatically tune the parameters, namely the Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM), the Grey Wolf Algorithm (GWO), and the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA). A total of 608 groundwater locations were identified by field surveys. Three different sample datasets (D1-D3) were created to increase the confidence of the result, and each dataset was divided randomly into a training set (70%) and a validation set (30%). Fifteen conditioning factors involving geology, human activity, and hydrology were extracted from the available materials. The Evidential Belief Function (EBF) was employed to determine the correlation between groundwater and factors. Then fourteen relevant factors were selected by feature selection. After that, the hybrid models of RF-GWO, RF-SSA, SVM-GWO, and SVM-SSA built using the datasets (D1-D3) were applied to generate groundwater potential maps (GPMs). Results showed that the performances of the hybrid models can be considered to be stable. The global performance of these hybrid models was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) and related statistical indexes. According to the D1 dataset validation results, the AUC values for the RF-GWO, RF-SSA, SVM-GWO, and SVM-SSA were 0.832, 0.840, 0.790, and 0.809, respectively. The RF-SSA had the highest accuracy (0.764), with an AUC of 0.840, and the SVM-GWO showed the least accuracy (0.723), with an AUC of 0.790. The outcomes revealed that all hybrid models had a good predictive performance. However, the RF outperformed the SVM model, and the SSA algorithm is superior to the GWO algorithm. Overall, the results of this study show that the construction of the groundwater potential model using a metaheuristic optimization algorithm is a feasible approach.
OBJECTIVE—Metabolic stress in obesity induces endothelial inflammation and activation, which initiates adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases. However, the ...mechanisms underlying endothelial inflammation induction are not completely understood. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an important molecule in immunity and inflammation. In the present study, we sought to determine the role of STING in palmitic acid–induced endothelial activation/inflammation.
APPROACH AND RESULTS—In cultured endothelial cells, palmitic acid treatment activated STING, as indicated by its perinuclear translocation and binding to interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), leading to IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. The activated IRF3 bound to the promoter of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and monocyte–endothelial cell adhesion. When analyzing the upstream signaling, we found that palmitic acid activated STING by inducing mitochondrial damage. Palmitic acid treatment caused mitochondrial damage and leakage of mitochondrial DNA into the cytosol. Through the cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, the mitochondrial damage and leaked cytosolic mitochondrial DNA activated the STING–IRF3 pathway and increased intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. In mice with diet-induced obesity, the STING–IRF3 pathway was activated in adipose tissue. However, STING deficiency (Sting) partially prevented diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation, obesity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance.
CONCLUSIONS—The mitochondrial damage-cyclic GMP-AMP synthase–STING–IRF3 pathway is critically involved in metabolic stress–induced endothelial inflammation. STING may be a potential therapeutic target for preventing cardiovascular diseases and insulin resistance in obese individuals.
In this letter we study the valley degeneracy splitting of the transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayer by first-principles calculations. The local magnetic moments are introduced into the system ...when the transition-metal atoms are adsorbed on the monolayer surface. The Zeeman effect arising from the local magnetic moment at transition-metal atom sites lifts the valley degeneracy. Anomalous charge, spin and valley Hall effects can be accessed due to valley splitting when we can only excite carriers of one valley. The valley splitting depends on the direction of magnetization and thus can be tuned continuously by an external magnetic field. This tunable valley splitting offers a practical avenue for exploring device paradigms based on the spin and valley degrees of freedom.
We study the valley degeneracy splitting of the transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayer
via
atom adsorption by first-principles calculations.
Mitochondrial injury and dysfunction, a significant feature in metabolic syndrome, triggers endothelial cell dysfunction and cell death. Increasing evidence suggests that mitophagy, a process of ...autophagic turnover of damaged mitochondria, maintains mitochondrial integrity. PINK1 (phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1) and Parkin signaling is a key pathway in mitophagy control. In this study, we examined whether this pathway could protect mitochondria under metabolic stress. We found that palmitic acid (PA) induced significant mitophagy and activated PINK1 and Parkin in endothelial cells. Knocking down PINK1 or Parkin reduced mitophagy, leading to impaired clearance of damaged mitochondria and intracellular accumulation of mitochondrial fragments. Furthermore, PINK1 and Parkin prevented PA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production and apoptosis. Finally, we show that PINK1 and Parkin were up-regulated in vascular wall of obese mice and diabetic mice. Our study demonstrates that PINK1-Parkin pathway is activated in response to metabolic stress. Through induction of mitophagy, this pathway protects mitochondrial integrity and prevents metabolic stress-induced endothelial injury.
Amenorrhea caused by antipsychotic drugs is not uncommon in clinical practice, and various treatment strategies are used to treat the condition. Chinese herbal medicine has its own theory for ...amenorrhea caused by antipsychotic drugs and has developed its own medication methods.
To review and conduct meta-analysis of the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine in treatment of amenorrhea caused by antipsychotic drugs.
A search was conducted across seven Chinese electronic databases (the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, the China Science and Technology Journal Database, the Wanfang Database, the SinoMed, the Foreign Medical Literature Retrieval Service(FMRS), the Chinese University of Hong Kong Library, the Airiti Library), and the following English databases: MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, OLD MEDLINE、Publisher Supplied Citation in pubmed; JBI EBP Database, EBM Reviews, Embase, OVID Emcare, Ovid MEDLINE(R), Maternity & Infant Care Database(MIDIRS), APA PsycInfo in OVID, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Cochrane Reviews), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (Other Reviews), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Clinical Trials),The Cochrane Methodology Register (Method Studies), Health Technology Assessment Database (Technology Assessments), NHS Economic Evaluation Database (Economic Evaluations) in Cochrane Library; and four databases (Science Direct, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Scopus) in official website using common standards and inclusion/exclusion criteria. The remaining reports were used for preliminary studies. Due to inconsistencies in control groups, randomized controlled trials and articles that combined with other drugs were also excluded. This study is a META analysis of a single rate.
Initial screening returned 912 potentially relevant publications in all databases. After subsequent filtering, a total of 18 articles were included in the analysis. The overall effectiveness for treatment amenorrhea caused by antipsychotic drugs using traditional Chinese herbal medicine was 0.91, with 95% confidence interval of 0.89–0.93. Notably in most studies, the time needed to achieve this level of effectiveness was relatively long, usually in excess of three months. Although a satisfactory verification of an improvement in menstrual cycling takes time, the long treatment duration is a downside. Our analysis revealed that the following Chinese herbal remedies were most common: Danggui (Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels), Chuanxiong (Ligusticum striatum DC.), Taoren (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch), Honghua (Carthamus tinctorius L.), Gancao (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), Fuling ((Fungus) Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf), Baizhu (Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.), Xiangfu (Cyperus rotundus L.), Chaihu (Bupleurum chinense DC.), Shudihuang (Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC.(Processed), Baishao (Cynanchum otophyllum C.K.Schneid.)
Chinese herbal medicine can effectively treat amenorrhea caused by psychiatric drugs, although it takes a long time to achieve satisfactory effectiveness. More research is needed to better understand different aspects of Chinese herbal medicine use in treatment of this particular medical condition.
Display omitted
•(Ti,Nb)C reinforced 316 L coating was prepared via laser cladding.•MC (M: Ti;Nb) powder content affects the microstructure of coating.•Exothermic behavior of (Ti,Nb)C affects the shape and size of ...carbides.•(Ti,Nb)C reinforced 316 L matrix improves wear resistance of 316 L coating.
An MC (M: Ti,Nb) carbide-reinforced 316 L coating was synthesized in-situ via laser cladding. A strong relationship between the (Ti,Nb)C content and the microstructure and tribological properties of the resulting components was established. This relationship helped explain the influence of the (Ti,Nb)C content on the phase evolution, microstructure characteristics, and exothermic reaction behavior. It was found that the size and morphology of in-situ generated (Ti,Nb)C particles changed as the carbide content increased. When the MC carbide content increased from 2.5 wt% to 10 wt%, the morphology of in-situ generated (Ti,Nb)C evolved from irregular geometry particles, to spherical particles, and finally into near-regular geometry. When the carbide content reached 15 wt%, the (Ti,Nb)C particles displayed an equilibrium octahedral structure. The calculated formation enthalpy of MC carbides showed that the reaction enthalpy increased with the MC carbide content, which affected the dynamic temperature of the molten pool and eventually led to carbides with different crystal morphologies and sizes. Room-temperature dry sliding friction and wear tests showed that the submicron (Ti,Nb)C carbide reinforced (carbide content: 5 wt%) coating and 1.5 μm regular octahedral particle-reinforced coating (carbide content: 20 wt%) exhibited a lower friction coefficient and wear volume loss. Understanding the morphological evolution mechanism of (Ti,Nb)C and its corresponding tribological behavior will enable the development of guidelines to obtain (Ti,Nb)C/316 L metal matrix composite coatings produced by laser cladding.
PDF
