We propose a noniterative solution for the Perspective-n-Point ({\rm P}n{\rm P}) problem, which can robustly retrieve the optimum by solving a seventh order polynomial. The central idea consists of ...three steps: 1) to divide the reference points into 3-point subsets in order to achieve a series of fourth order polynomials, 2) to compute the sum of the square of the polynomials so as to form a cost function, and 3) to find the roots of the derivative of the cost function in order to determine the optimum. The advantages of the proposed method are as follows: First, it can stably deal with the planar case, ordinary 3D case, and quasi-singular case, and it is as accurate as the state-of-the-art iterative algorithms with much less computational time. Second, it is the first noniterative {\rm P}n{\rm P} solution that can achieve more accurate results than the iterative algorithms when no redundant reference points can be used (n\le 5). Third, large-size point sets can be handled efficiently because its computational complexity is O(n).
China's transport sector is facing enormous challenges from soaring energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Transport electrification has been viewed as a major solution to ...transportation decarbonization, and electric vehicles (EVs) have attracted considerable attention from policymakers. This paper analyzes the effects of the introduction of EVs in China. A system dynamics model is developed and applied to assess the energy-saving and emission-reducing impacts of the projected penetration of EVs until the year 2030. Five types of scenarios of various EV penetration rates, electricity generation mixes, and the speed of technological improvement are discussed. Results confirm that reductions in transport GHG emissions and gasoline and diesel consumption by 3.0%-16.2%, 4.4%-16.1%, and 15.8%-34.3%, respectively, will be achieved by 2030 under China's projected EV penetration scenarios. Results also confirm that if EV penetration is accompanied by decarbonized electricity generation, that is, the use of 55% coal by 2030, then total transport GHG emissions will be further reduced by 0.8%-4.4%. Moreover, further reductions of GHG emissions of up to 5.6% could be achieved through technological improvement. The promotion of EVs could substantially affect the reduction of transport GHG emissions in China, despite the uncertainty of the influence intensity, which is dependent on the penetration rate of EVs, the decarbonization of the power sector, and the technological improvement efficiency of EVs and internal combustion engine vehicles.
The regulatory functions of plant miRNAs on mammalian bodies are controversial, mainly because stability of the miRNAs in the digestive tract, as the prerequisite for their cross-kingdom effects, has ...somehow been overlooked. Hence, as the first stage of food ingestion, stability of plant miRNAs in human saliva has been investigated. The results show that plant miRNAs are of considerable resistance against salivary digestion, as surviving miRNAs more than 20 fM are detected. The stability varies dramatically, which can be explained by the difference in tertiary structure, governing their affinities to RNase. Surprisingly, miRNAs of low initial concentrations can end up with high survival rates after digestion. Plant miRNAs can be loaded into exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) and microcapsules formed by food components, both of which protect the miRNAs from being degraded in human saliva. Overall, plant miRNAs can apply certain strategies to maintain constant concentrations, paving the way for their potential cross-kingdom effects.
We deal with multiplicity of solutions to the following Schrödinger-Poisson-type system in this article:
where
is the Kohn-Laplacian and
is a smooth bounded region on the first Heisenberg group
,
, ...and
are some real parameters, and
,
satisfying natural growth conditions. By the limit index theory and the concentration compactness principles, we prove that the aforementioned system has multiplicity of solutions for
, where
is the best Sobolev constant. The novelties of this article are the presence of critical nonlinear term, and the system is set on the Heisenberg group.
Tumor‐driven immune suppression is a critical mechanism by which cancer cells evade the host immune system, leading to tumor growth and metastasis. The tumor immune microenvironment contains a large ...population of immune‐suppressing myeloid cells, which play a key role in tumor development and drug resistance to existing immunotherapy. Polymorphonuclear myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (PMN‐MDSCs) are important components of the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Uncovering the molecular mechanisms of PMN‐MDSCs and finding specific targets for PMN‐MDSCs to regulate tumor immune microenvironment is the focus and challenge of current immunotherapy. In a recent issue of Nature, Wang and colleagues revealed that CD300ld on PMN‐MDSCs is required for tumor‐driven immune suppression, this provided a new target for cancer immunotherapy, The study identified CD300ld as a novel, highly conserved tumor immunosuppressive receptor. CD300ld is highly expressed specifically on PMN‐MDSCs and is a key receptor in regulating the recruitment and immunosuppressant function of PMN‐MDSCs. Targeting CD300ld can reshape the tumor immune microenvironment by inhibiting the recruitment and function of PMN‐MDSCs, resulting in broad‐spectrum anti‐tumor effects. CD300ld target shows good safety, conservation, anti‐tumor effectiveness, and synergism with the Programmed death‐1 target, which is expected to become a new ideal target for tumor immunotherapy.
The role of polymorphonuclear myelopoietic suppressor cells in immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Electrochemical energy storage is becoming essential for portable electronics, electrified transportation, integration of intermittent renewable energy into grids, and many other energy or power ...applications. The electrode materials and their structures, in addition to the electrolytes, play key roles in supporting a multitude of coupled physicochemical processes that include electronic, ionic, and diffusive transport in electrode and electrolyte phases, electrochemical reactions and material phase changes, as well as mechanical and thermal stresses, thus determining the storage energy density and power density, conversion efficiency, performance lifetime, and system cost and safety. Different material chemistries and multiscale porous structures are being investigated for high performance and low cost. The aim of this Special Issue is to report the recent advances of materials used in electrochemical energy storage that encompasses supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries.
•A driving simulator study examined the effects of time budget and task on take-over performance for lower crash risk (LCR) and high crash risk (HCR) drivers.•LCR drivers had shorter brake reaction ...time compared to HCR drivers.•Reading the news and watching a video seem to have a similar effect on the drivers’ workload.
Understanding driver behavior of conditionally automated driving is necessary to ensure a safe transition from automated to manual driving. This study aimed to examine the difference in take-over performance between high crash risk (HCR) and lower crash risk (LCR) drivers in emergency take-over situations during conditionally automated driving. In the current simulator study, a 3 × 3 (within-subjects) factorial design was used, including the task factors (no task, reading the news, and watching a video) and time budget factors (time budget = 3 s, 4 s, and 5 s). Forty-eight participants completed a test drive on an approximately 10 km long two-way six-lane urban road. The participants firstly were in manual control and then switched to the automated driving mode at a speed of 50 km/h. The automated driving system was able to detect a broken car in the ego-lane and requested the driver to take over the control of the vehicle. There are at least one or two other vehicles or motorcycles on each side of the ego-vehicle, resulting in fewer escape paths. For the two non-handheld non-driving-related tasks (NDRTs), the participants were asked to be fully engaged in a task without any need to monitor the road environments. Each participant completed nine emergency take-over situations. The participants were classified into two groups that were labeled LCR (N ≤ 2) and HCR drivers (N ≥ 3) according to the number of accidents per driver. The results show that LCR drivers had shorter brake reaction time compared to HCR drivers. For all drivers, the engagement in a task led to longer response times, and the time budget affected the longitudinal vehicle control. In addition, the task affected the response times for LCR and HCR drivers, but only the time budget affected the longitudinal vehicle control for LCR drivers. For all drivers, LCR and HCR drivers, the time budget and task affected the safety of take-over. Especially, the two non-handheld everyday tasks seem to have a similar effect on the drivers’ workload. Therefore, the HCR drivers had a lower hazard perception compared to the LCR drivers, and the factor regarding the individual difference of driving ability in take-over situations should be considered to design safe take-over concepts for automated vehicles.
As past studies of self-control and Internet addiction showed mixed results, this meta-analysis of 83 primary studies with 80,681 participants determined whether (a) these students with less ...self-control had greater Internet addiction, and (b) age, culture, gender, Internet addiction measures, or year moderated these relations. We used a random-effects meta-analysis of Pearson product-moment coefficients
with Fisher's
-transformation and tested for moderation with the homogeneity tests. The results showed a positive link between impulsivity and Internet addiction (
= 0.371, 95% CI = 0.311, 0.427) and a negative link between restraint and Internet addiction (
= -0.362, 95% CI = -0.414, -0.307). The moderation analysis indicated that the correlation between impulsivity indicators and greater Internet addiction was stronger among undergraduates (18-22 years old) than among adolescents (10-17 years old). Furthermore, the negative link between a restraint indicator and Internet addiction was greater (a) among students in East Asia than those in Western Europe/North America, (b) among males than females and (c) when using the Internet addiction measures GPIUS or IAT rather than CIAS. Hence, these results indicate a negative link between self-control and Internet addiction, and this link is moderated by age, culture, gender, and Internet addiction measure.
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays a critical role in tumor development and immunotherapy. Nevertheless, additional research is necessary to comprehend the relationship between ...the MAPK pathway and the prognosis of bladder cancer (BLCA), as well as its influence on the tumor immune microenvironment. To create prognostic models, we screened ten genes associated with the MAPK pathway using COX and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. These models were validated in the Genomic Data Commons (GEO) cohort and further examined for immune infiltration, somatic mutation, and drug sensitivity characteristics. Finally, the findings were validated using The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database and through Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Patients were classified into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the prognosis-related genes of the MAPK pathway. The high-risk group had poorer overall survival than the low-risk group and showed increased immune infiltration compared to the low-risk group. Additionally, the nomograms built using the risk scores and clinical factors exhibited high accuracy in predicting the survival of BLCA patients. The prognostic profiling of MAPK pathway-associated genes represents a potent clinical prediction tool, serving as the foundation for precise clinical treatment of BLCA.
The further practical applications of halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are blocked by problems of instability and nonradiative Auger recombination manifested as photoluminescence blinking. Here, ...single core/shell structured perovskite semiconductor QDs are successfully fabricated by capping CsPbBr3 QD core with CdS shell. It is demonstrated that CsPbBr3/CdS core/shell QDs exhibit ultrahigh chemical stability and nonblinking photoluminescence with high quantum yield due to the reduced electronic traps within the core/shell structure. Efficiency of amplified spontaneous emission exhibits obvious enhancement compared to that of pure CsPbBr3 QDs, originating from the mitigated competition between stimulated emission and suppressed nonradiative biexciton Auger recombination. Furthermore, low‐threshold whispering‐gallery‐mode lasing with a high‐quality factor is achieved by incorporating CsPbBr3/CdS QDs into microtubule resonators. Density functional theory (DFT)‐based first‐principles calculations are also performed to reveal the atomic interface structure, which supports the existence of CsPbBr3/CdS structure. An interesting feature of spatially separated charge density at CsPbBr3/CdS interface is found, which may greatly contribute to the suppressed Auger recombination. The results provide a practical approach to improve the stability and suppress the blinking of halide perovskite QDs, which may pave the way for future applications for various optoelectronic devices.
Single CsPbBr3/CdS core/shell quantum dots are successfully fabricated and demonstrated by combining materials synthesis, characterization, optical measurements, and first‐principles calculations, which show ultrahigh stability and nonblinking photoluminescence with high quantum yield. Exotic interfacial electronic structures within the core/shell structures contribute to their interesting physical behaviors, such as low‐threshold whispering‐gallery‐mode lasing.
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