A series of twisted D–π–A type emitters based on the acridine donor unit and CN‐substituted pyridine, pyrimidine, and benzene acceptor units are studied. They not only allow one to systematically ...probe the influence of different acceptor strengths, but also permit one to intriguingly probe the influence of tunable conformations (twist angles) within the acceptor moieties through controlling the orientation of asymmetric heteroaromatic ring relative to the donor component. Intramolecular charge‐transfer transitions are observed in all these compounds and emission wavelengths are widely tunable from deep blue to yellow not only by the general acceptor strength due to the characters of heteroarene and CN‐substitution pattern but also by the subtle control of in‐acceptor conformation (twist angles). Small triplet‐to‐singlet energy gaps (ΔEST) and significant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characteristics are obtained in a series of D–π–A compounds with sufficient acceptor strengths and tunable in‐acceptor conformation, yielding a series of efficient blue‐green to yellow TADF emitters with promisingly high photoluminescence quantum yields of 90%–100%. Highly efficient blue‐green to yellow TADF organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) having external quantum efficiencies of up to 23.1%–31.3% are achieved using these efficient TADF emitters, which are among the most efficient TADF OLEDs ever reported.
Efficient blue‐green to yellow thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters capable of generating 23%–31% electroluminescence external quantum efficiencies are developed adopting the acridine donor unit and cyano (CN)‐substituted pyridine and pyrimidine acceptor units. They permit systematic probing of influences of acceptor strengths and tunable conformations (twist angles) within the acceptor moieties through controlling the orientation of asymmetric heteroaromatic ring.
Red pear is favored because of its bright appearance and abundant anthocyanins. Anthocyanin biosynthesis is controlled by transcription factors (TFs) forming regulatory complexes. In red-skinned ...pears, the WRKY TFs have a significant relationship with anthocyanin biosynthesis, but the molecular mechanism of the WRKY TFs involved in regulating color formation in red-skinned pear is unclear. In this study, the TFs
and
were screened as candidate genes for controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis by transcriptome data and bioinformatics analysis. The effect of anthocyanin accumulations after cotransformation of
or
with its partners
,
, and
was verified in tobacco leaves and strawberry receptacles by a transient expression system. RT-qPCR analysis and a dual-luciferase reporter system further confirmed that this cotransformation activated the expression of
,
, and
in anthocyanin biosynthesis and
in anthocyanin transport instead of the
and
. Furthermore, the cotransformed
and
could bind to the
promoter, and
directly activated the transcription of
. In addition, the TF PyWRKY26 could interact with PybHLH3, as confirmed by firefly luciferase complementation and yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays. These results showed that the interaction of PyWRKY26 and PybHLH3 could cotarget the
promoter, which resulted in anthocyanin accumulation in red-skinned pear. This study further strengthened the understanding of the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation and contributed to improving the appearance of red-skinned pears.
Reliable energy modules and higher-sensitivity, higher-density, lower-powered sensing systems are constantly required to develop wearable electronics and the Internet of Things technology. As an ...emerging technology, triboelectric nanogenerators have been potentially guiding the landscape of sustainable power units and energy-efficient sensors. However, the existing triboelectric series is primarily populated by polymers and rubbers, limiting triboelectric sensing plasticity to some extent owing to their stiff surface electronic structures. To enrich the current triboelectric group, we explore the triboelectric properties of the topological insulator nanofilm by Kelvin probe force microscopy and reveal its relatively positive electrification charging performance. Both the larger surface potential difference and the conductive surface states of the nanofilms synergistically improve the charge transfer behavior between the selected triboelectric media, endowing the topological insulator-based triboelectric nanogenerator with considerable output performance. Besides serving as a wearable power source, the ultra-compact device array demonstrates innovative system-level sensing capabilities, including precise monitoring of dynamic objects and real-time signal control at the human-machine interface. This work fills the blank between topological quantum matters and triboelectric nanogenerators and, more importantly, exploits the significant potential of topological insulator nanofilms for self-powered flexible/wearable electronics and scalable sensing technologies.
To evaluate the performance of machine learning (ML) algorithms and to compare them with logistic regression for the prediction of risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), chronic kidney disease ...(CKD), diabetes (DM), and hypertension (HTN) and in a prospective cohort study using simple clinical predictors.
We conducted analyses in a population-based cohort study in Asian adults (n = 6,762). Five different ML models were considered—single-hidden-layer neural network, support vector machine, random forest, gradient boosting machine, and k-nearest neighbor—and were compared with standard logistic regression.
The incidences at 6 years of CVD, CKD, DM, and HTN cases were 4.0%, 7.0%, 9.2%, and 34.6%, respectively. Logistic regression reached the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for CKD (0.905 0.88, 0.93) and DM (0.768 0.73, 0.81) predictions. For CVD and HTN, the best models were neural network (0.753 0.70, 0.81) and support vector machine (0.780 0.747, 0.812), respectively. However, the differences with logistic regression were small (less than 1%) and nonsignificant. Logistic regression, gradient boosting machine, and neural network were systematically ranked among the best models.
Logistic regression yields as good performance as ML models to predict the risk of major chronic diseases with low incidence and simple clinical predictors.
•Low-dimensional settings include low number of events and predictors.•In such settings, logistic regression yields as good performance as ML models.•ML techniques may not be warranted in such cases.
Acidic residues (Asp and Glu) have a high prevalence on protein surfaces, but cross‐linking reactions targeting these residues are limited. Existing methods either require high‐concentration coupling ...reagents or have low structural compatibility. Here a previously reported “plant‐and‐cast” strategy is extended to develop heterobifunctional cross‐linkers. These cross‐linkers first react rapidly with Lys sidechains and then react with Asp and Glu sidechains, in a proximity‐enhanced fashion. The cross‐linking reaction proceeds at neutral pH and room temperature without coupling reagents. The efficiency and robustness of cross‐linking using model proteins, ranging from small monomeric proteins to large protein complexes are demonstrated. Importantly, it is shown that this type of cross‐linkers are efficient at identifying protein–protein interactions involving acidic domains. The Cross‐linking mass spectrometry (XL‐MS) study with p53 identified 87 putative binders of the C‐terminal domain of p53. Among them, SARNP, ZRAB2, and WBP11 are shown to regulate the expression and alternative splicing of p53 target genes. Thus, these carboxylate‐reactive cross‐linkers will further expand the power of XL‐MS in the analysis of protein structures and protein–protein interactions.
Acidic amino acids Asp/Glu widely distribute on protein surfaces and are involved in protein electrostatic interaction. In this work, stable and highly efficient acidic amino acids reactive cross‐linkers are synthesized and applied to capture and identify p53 c‐terminal domain‐mediated direct protein interactions.
Single-shot real-time characterization of optical waveforms with sub-picosecond resolution is essential for investigating various ultrafast optical dynamics. However, the finite temporal recording ...length of current techniques hinders comprehensive understanding of many intriguing ultrafast optical phenomena that evolve over a timescale much longer than their fine temporal details. Inspired by the space-time duality and by stitching of multiple microscopic images to achieve a larger field of view in the spatial domain, here a panoramic-reconstruction temporal imaging (PARTI) system is devised to scale up the temporal recording length without sacrificing the resolution. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the PARTI system is applied to study the dynamic waveforms of slowly evolved dissipative Kerr solitons in an ultrahigh-Q microresonator. Two 1.5-ns-long comprehensive evolution portraits are reconstructed with 740 fs resolution and dissipative Kerr soliton transition dynamics, in which a multiplet soliton state evolves into a stable singlet soliton state, are depicted.Real-time characterization of ultrafast dynamics comes with a tradeoff between temporal resolution and recording length. Here, Li et al. use a temporal reconstruction technique inspired by panoramic microscopy to image the dynamics of slowly evolved dissipative Kerr solitons in a microresonator.
Lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) face huge challenges to achieve long cycling life at wide temperature range owing to the severe dendrite growth at subambient temperature and the intense side ...reactions with electrolyte at high temperature. Herein, an ultrathin LiBO2 layer with an extremely high Young's modulus of 8.0 GPa is constructed on Li anode via an in situ reaction between Li metal and 4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxa‐borolane (TDB) to form LiBO2@Li anode, which presents two times higher exchange current density than pristine Li anode. The LiBO2 layer presents a strong absorption to Li ions and greatly improves the interfacial dynamics of Li‐ion migration, which induces homogenous lithium nucleation and deposition to form a dense lithium layer. Consequently, the Li dendrite growth during cycling at subambient temperature and the side reactions with electrolyte at high temperature are simultaneously suppressed. The LiBO2@Li/LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) full batteries with limited Li capacity and high cathode mass loading of 9.9 mg cm–2 can steadily cycle for 300 cycles with a capacity retention of 86.6%. The LiBO2@Li/NCM811 full batteries and LiBO2@Li/LiBO2@Li symmetric batteries also present excellent cycling performance at both −20 and 60 °C. This work develops a strategy to achieve outstanding performance of LMBs at wide working temperature‐range.
An ultra‐thin LiBO2 layer with high Young's modulus of 8.0 GPa is constructed on lithium anode via the reaction between lithium metal and 4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxa‐borolane. The LiBO2 layer presents a strong absorption to lithium ions, which greatly accelerates the interfacial dynamics, induces the formation of integrated solid electrolyte interphase and thus allows the steady operation of Li/LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 batteries over a wide temperature range.
SARS emerged in 2003 and caused the first pandemic of the 21st century, affecting more than 8000 people, killing 774 in 26 countries.5 MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was isolated in 20126 and has seen ...over 2400 cases reported to WHO to date, and over 850 deaths.7 Of the 2223 laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV cases reported to WHO, 415 were healthcare workers, representing over one-third of all secondary transmission.8 SARS and MERS spread principally by direct transmission and respiratory droplets.9 10 However, SARS-CoV, and perhaps also MERS-CoV, may shed and be transferred to environmental surfaces, and thence contaminate hands and mucous membranes subsequently.10 Ocular involvement has not been described with either MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV11–13 although polymerase chain reaction on tears from patients with SARS-CoV infection demonstrated presence of the virus.14 There is also evidence that some coronavirus can occasionally cause conjunctivitis in humans. ...human coronavirus NL 63 (HCoV-NL63) was first identified in a baby with bronchiolitis and conjunctivitis.15 Subsequent in 28 cases of children with confirmed HCoV-NL63 infections, 17% had conjunctivitis.16 There is now growing evidence that human-to-human transmission is occurring among close contacts, and reports that >1,700 healthcare professionals having been infected with 6 deaths including oneophthalmologist.17–19 Of the affected healthcare workers, one was part of the expert task force who visited Wuhan, and he has reflected on his experience of the disease. The usual measures that apply to prevention of infection transmission, in particular thorough handwashing, should apply. ...we learn more, it is prudent to avoid touching the eyes where possible in at risk locations, in particular for healthcare workers in the hospital environment. Healthcare professionals should take the full recommended measures including strict hand hygiene and protecting the exposed mucous membranes, including wearing goggles or face masks.25 It would be prudent to question patients directly if they had any symptoms and signs of conjunctivitis prior respiratory and other systemic symptoms to help further our understanding of the natural history of the disease.
The detection of blood glucose level receives much attention, because diabetes has become one of the significant threats to human health worldwide. In this paper, we described a novel core-shell ...MOF@MOF composite-based electrochemical sensor for nonenzymatic glucose sensing in alkaline media. The core-shell UiO-67@Ni-MOF composites were synthesized by internal extended growth of shell Ni-MOF on the core UiO-67 under polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) regulation. In the sensor system, UiO-67 with large specific surface area and good conductivity was used to accelerate the rate of electron transfer of UiO-67@Ni-MOF. Ni-MOF served as an electrocatalytic material due to excellent electrochemical activity toward glucose oxidation. The morphology, structure, and electrochemical performance of UiO-67@Ni-MOF composites were characterized. To demonstrate the detection performance of the UiO-67@Ni-MOF composite-based sensor, it was successfully used for nonenzymatic glucose sensing. The results indicated that UiO-67@Ni-MOF composites exhibited high electrocatalytic activity toward glucose oxidation compared with individual UiO-67 and Ni-MOF. Moreover, the sensor possessed high sensitivity and selectivity for real-time amperometric detection of glucose. It performed glucose level detection in human serum samples with acceptable reliability and accuracy. The present work suggested that the as-fabricated sensor is promising for nonenzymatic glucose sensing in real samples and holds great potential as an alternative tool for the rapid diagnosis of diabetes and for monitoring blood glucose levels daily.
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•A novel core-shell MOF@MOF composite were synthesized by internal extended growth of shell Ni-MOF on the core UiO-67.•The UiO-67@Ni-MOF composites-based electrochemical sensor was presented for nonenzymatic glucose sensing.•The electrochemical sensor exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity for the detection of glucose in human serum.
Objectives
Cinnamomi ramulus (called Guizhi in Chinese) is a traditional medicine used to treat gastrointestinal dysfunction, cancer, arthritis, osteoporosis, spleen deficiency, Alzheimer’s disease ...and obesity. This review aimed to provide a systematic summary on the geographical distribution, botany, traditional application, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicology and other aspects of Cinnamomi ramulus.
Key finding
So far, more than 121 chemical compounds have been isolated from Cinnamomi ramulus, including volatile oil, organic acids, triterpenoid saponins, coumarins, tannins, flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, steroids and polysaccharides. This paper reviews the pharmacological effects of Cinnamomi ramulus on antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, antiviral, antitumour, antipyretic and analgesic, antidiabetic and antiplatelet aggregation effects. Furthermore, the present review also indicates that Cinnamomi ramulus has the potential to develop into drugs for treating various diseases with high efficacy and low toxicity.
Summary
The convictive evidence from modern pharmacology research supports the traditional application of Cinnamomi ramulus. However, further studies on the structure–activity relationship of some of the isolated compounds may improve their biological potency. More toxicological studies will also contribute to the progress of clinical trial studies.
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