As a new target protein for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2) was expressed on the surface of microglia, which was shown to regulate ...neuroinflammation, be associated with a variety of neuropathologic, and regarded as a potential indicator for monitoring AD. In this study, a novel recognition system based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for the TREM2 target spot was established coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), in order to screen the active ingredients targeting TREM2 from
seeds. The results showed that four lignan-amides were discovered as candidate compounds by SPR biosensor-UPLC/MS recognition analysis. According to the guidance of the active ingredients discovered by the system, the lignin-amides from
seeds (LDS) were preliminarily identified as containing 27 lignan-amides, which were enriched compositions by the HP-20 of
seeds. Meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory activity of LDS was evaluated in BV2 microglia induced by LPS. Our experimental results demonstrated that LDS could reduce NO release in LPS-treated BV2 microglia cells and significantly reduce the expression of the proteins of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), microtubule-associated protein tau (Tau), and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1). Accordingly, LDS might increase the expression of TREM2/DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12) and suppress the Toll-like receptor SX4 (TLR4) pathway and Recombinant NLR Family, Pyrin Domain Containing Protein 3 (NLRP3)/cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (Caspase-1) inflammasome expression by LDS in LPS-induced BV2 microglial cells. Then, the inhibitory release of inflammatory factors Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) inflammatory cytokines were detected to inhibit neuroinflammatory responses. The present results propose that LDS has potential as an anti-neuroinflammatory agent against microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory disorders.
Phytochemical investigation of Solanum xanthocarpum fruits resulted in the isolation of eight rare cholestane saponins, including six new ones (1–6) and two known ones (7–8). Especially, ...cholesaponins A and B (1–2) were unusual 14-methyl C28 cholestane saponins discovered for the first time. The chemical structures of 1–6 were characterized by extensive 1D NMR and 2D NMR and mass analyses. The bioassay screening revealed that most compounds showed varying cytotoxic activity degrees against five human cancer cell lines (A-549, HepG2, MGC-803, LN-229, and SMMC-7721).
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•Six new rare cholestane saponins were obtained from Solanum xanthocarpum fruits.•Cholesaponins A and B with the 14-methyl C28 cholestane new carbon skeleton.•Plausible biosynthesis pathway of cholesaponin A-B was speculated.•Cholesaponin B (2) showed significant cytotoxicity (IC50 = 2.60–6.33 μM).
Oxidative stress, which is caused by Amyloid-β deposition in brain, plays an important role in Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, we found that lignans from Schisandra chinensis rattan stems ...(rsSCH-L) could reduce the escape latency and the distance travelled by the Aβ1–42 injected rats while the crossing platform time was enhanced in the Morris water maze test. Further research demonstrated that lignans from rsSCH-L attenuated Aβ1-42-induced neuronal cell injury by increasing the content of SOD and GSH-Px and decreasing the levels of LDH, ROS, and MDA. Moreover, rsSCH-L also inhibited the apoptosis of primary neuronal cells. The mechanisms of the apoptosis were related with the downregulation of caspase-3, caspase-8, Bax, and upregulation of Bcl-2. Taken together, the results show that rsSCH-L can improve cognitive ability in vivo. Meanwhile rsSCH-L exhibit a neuroprotective environment against oxidative stress and apoptosis in vitro. Therefore, rsSCH-L may be a potential therapeutic agent for this neurodegenerative disease.
Xanthosaponins A (1) and B (2), two unusual steroidal saponins with a new 16,17- seco -cholestane carbon skeleton were isolated from the fruits of Solanum xanthocarpum . The structures of all ...isolated compounds were determined using 1D and 2D NMR experiments and MS analyses. Xanthosaponin A (1) exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against MGC803, LN229, and SMMC7721 cells.
Fifteen constituents, including one new lignan (schisandroside E) and one new terpenoid (schisandenoid A) as well as nine known lignans and four known terpenoids, were isolated from Schisandra ...chinensis leaves. The structures of schisandroside E and schisandenoid A were established by entirely meticulous spectroscopic analysis (NMR, MS, CD, IR and UV). All compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against MGC‐803, Caco‐2 and Ishikawa cell lines. Some compounds showed strong cytotoxicity against these three cancer cell lines with IC50<1 μm.
Four new polyacetylene substances, sadivaethynes A-D, were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk using repeated column chromatography. ...Structural elucidation of compounds 1-4 was established by 1D and 2D NMR spectra referring to the literature, together with high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against two human cancer cell lines (MGC-803, Ishikawa) in vitro.
Two new terpenoids (1 and 2), arenterpenoid D (1) and pinnasesquiterpene A (2), along with 16 phenylpropanoids (3-18) and 8 known terpenoids (19-26) were isolated from 70% EtOH extract of the Arenga ...pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. fruits. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including HR-ESI-MS, 1D, and 2D NMR. The absolute configuration of arenterpenoid D (1) was defined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Furthermore, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of all compounds, and outcomes showed that 2 and 21 exposed moderate suppressive effects against NO generation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
Two new ecdysteroids 14‐epi‐polypodine B (1) and 22‐oxo‐hydroxyecdysterone (2), along with nine known compounds, polypodine B (3), viticosterone E (4), 20‐hdroxyecdysone‐2‐acetate (5), ...22‐oxo‐20‐hydroxyecdysone (6), 5‐hydroxyecdysone (7), pinnatasterone (8), 3‐epi‐20‐hydroxyecdysone (9), ecdysterone (10) and stachysterone B (11), were isolated from the aerial parts of Paris verticillata. The structures of all compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculations and ANN‐PRA/DP4+ probability analysis. Among them, the absolute configuration of compound 1 and 2 was unambiguous determined by ECD. Also, the isolated compounds were assessed for their cytotoxic activities. Compounds 2, 3 and 7 exhibited significant cytotoxic activities against PC12, LN299 and SMCC7721 cells.
Four new secoiridoids, syrretoside A (1), syrretoside B (2), 5β, 8β-syrretaglucone C(3), 5β, 8α-syrretaglucone C (4), together with eight known secoiridoids (5-12), were isolated from the stem barks ...of Syringa reticulata (Bl.) Hara. The structures of isolated compounds were established based on the physical and chemical means, NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), and circular dichroism spectrum (CD), as well as in comparison with the literature. The cytotoxicity of isolated compounds was investigated using CCK8 assay, which showed that these compounds had different degrees of inhibitory effect on two human tumor (MGC803, LN229) cell lines.
Two new phenylpropanoids, 4-O-(1''-O-cis-caffeoyl)-β-glucopyran osyl-1-allyl-3-methoxy-benzene (1), 4'-O-(1''-O-cis-caffeoyl)-β-glucopyranosyl-hydroxymegastigm-4-en-3-one (2), together with nine ...known compounds were obtained from the leaves of Solanum capsicoides. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods, and comparing spectral data with those in literature. Meanwhile, their anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated on (LPS)-induced RAW 246.7 cells, and 1, 9, and 10 showed better inhibitory effects with IC
50
values of 17.19 ± 1.12, 18.15 ± 0.47, and 19.8 ± 0.95 μM, respectively.
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