The binding of organometallic osmium carbonyl clusters onto the surface of gold nanoparticles (10OsCO-Au NPs) greatly enhanced the CO stretching vibration signal at ~2100cm−1, which is relatively ...free from interference due to the absorbance of biomolecules. By utilizing the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) mediated hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine to thiocholine where the activity of AChE is inhibited by the presence of organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), the subsequent thiocholine-induced aggregation of 10OsCO-Au NPs can be monitored by the change in color of the NPs solution and the variation in intensity of the SERS CO signal. The change in color offers a fast pre-screening method, whereas monitoring via SERS is used for greater accuracy and lower limit of detection (0.1 ppb) for quantitative detection. Its potential as a quick and accurate method of OPPs monitoring in consumer products was demonstrated in the detection of OPPs in real spiked samples such as beer.
•We demonstrate a highly sensitive metal carbonyl SERS based assay for the detection of organophosphorous pesticides.•The developed assay was successfully applied to real-life samples (beer), with sensitivity up to 0.01ppm.
•A newly concept of energy field intensity (EFI) for notch fatigue analysis.•An energy field intensity-based procedure for LCF life prediction.•Modified Ellyin’s model for multiaxial fatigue life ...prediction.•EFI approach yields better predictions of GH4169 and Al 7050-T7451 alloys than the other three criteria.•EFI approach provides a reference to deal with notch effect of arbitrary geometry features.
Notched components with complex configurations are normally designed for engineering functional requirements. Geometrical discontinuities generally result into stress concentration and multiaxial stress states and eventually lead to fatigue failure. However, highly efficient methods for notch fatigue analysis of engineering components are still lacking. In this regard, by combining energy criteria with FE simulations, a new concept of energy field intensity (EFI) is proposed and an EFI-based framework is established for notch fatigue analysis of engineering components under multiaxial stress states. Better correlation of model predictions with experimental results of GH4169 and Al 7050-T7451 alloys are provided by the proposed model rather than that by Fatemi-Socie, Sun-Shang and energy criteria.
The adulteration of olive oil is an important issue around the world. This paper reports an indirect method by which to identify 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters in olive oils. Following ...sample preparation, the samples were spiked with 1,2-bis-palmitoyl-3-chloropropanediol standard for analysis using gas chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry. The total recovery ranged from 102.8% to 105.5%, the coefficient of variation ranged from 1.1% to 10.1%, and the limit of quantification was 0.125 mg/kg. The content of 3-MCPD esters in samples of refined olive oil (0.97-20.53 mg/kg) exceeded those of extra virgin olive oil (non-detected to 0.24 mg/kg). These results indicate that the oil refining process increased the content of 3-MCPD esters, which means that they could be used as a target compound for the differentiation of extra virgin olive oil from refined olive oil in order to prevent adulteration.
Abstract Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome is a clinically important issue. We report a case of carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity syndrome in a 35-year-old schizophrenia patient. This ...patient had no previous food or medication allergy history and presented a negative test result of HLA-B*1502 genotype. After 19 days exposure of carbamazepine, high fever up to 39.4°C, leucopenia (1670/mm3 ), proteinuria and bilateral lung field infiltration were developed. These clinically significant physical conditions resolved after discontinuing carbamazepine. The importance of genetic susceptibility other than HLA-B*1502 should not be overlooked in drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome.
We report the first genome-wide association study of a joint analysis using 795 Han Chinese individuals with treatment-refractory schizophrenia (TRS) and 806 controls. Three loci showed suggestive ...significant association with TRS were identified. These loci include: rs10218843 (P = 3.04 × 10(-7)) and rs11265461 (P = 1.94 × 10(-7)) are adjacent to signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1 (SLAMF1); rs4699030 (P = 1.94 × 10(-6)) and rs230529 (P = 1.74 × 10(-7)) are located in the gene nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (NFKB1); and rs13049286 (P = 3.05 × 10(-5)) and rs3827219 (P = 1.66 × 10(-5)) fall in receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 (RIPK4). One isolated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs739617 (P = 3.87 × 10(-5)) was also identified to be associated with TRS. The -94delATTG allele (rs28362691) located in the promoter region of NFKB1 was identified by resequencing and was found to associate with TRS (P = 4.85 × 10(-6)). The promoter assay demonstrated that the -94delATTG allele had a significant lower promoter activity than the -94insATTG allele in the SH-SY5Y cells. This study suggests that rs28362691 in NFKB1 might be involved in the development of TRS.
•Oral bioavailability of sesaminol triglucoside increased after nanosizing.•Nanoparticles improved bioaccessibility of sesame meal to intestinal microbiota.•Nano/submicrosized lignan glycosides ...alleviated lipid peroxidation in rat.•Nano/submicrosized lignan glycosides increased antioxidant enzyme activities in rat.
Lignan glycosides are one of the major bioactive components in sesame meal. In the current study, we evaluated whether the absorption efficiency of lignan glycosides from sesame meal (LGSM) increases after wet milling. The current data show that oral bioavailability of LGSM significantly elevated from 0.18 to 0.26% after nano/submicro-sizing due to the smaller particle size and larger surface area. Oral administration of nano/submicro-sized LGSM (N-LGSM) significantly increased the concentrations of sesaminol triglucoside and sesaminol glucuronide in rat urine compared to administration of LGSM that was not nano/submicro-sized. More importantly, oral administration of N-LGSM increased the concentrations of enterolactone and enterodiol found in the plasma, liver, kidney, small intestine and urine of rats, suggesting that the nano/submicro-sizing process greatly improved the accessibility of intestinal microbiota to LGSM. In addition, oral administration of N-LGSM remarkably alleviated lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant enzyme activities against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative damage in rats.
ABSTRACT
Heroin dependence is a complex mental disorder resulting from interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Identifying the susceptibility genes of heroin dependence is the basis ...for understanding the pathogenesis of heroin dependence. Using a total gene expression microarray, we detected 924 differentially expressed gene transcripts in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) between 19 male heroin‐dependent individuals and 20 male control subjects, including 279 upregulated and 645 downregulated gene transcripts in heroin‐dependent individuals. We verified the reduced expression of the neuron‐specific enolase gene (ENO2) in heroin‐dependent individuals using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. We further compared the allele and genotype frequencies of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs11064464, rs3213433 and rs10849541) of the ENO2 gene between 532 male heroin‐dependent individuals and 369 male controls. No significant differences in the allele or genotype frequencies of these three SNPs were detected between these two groups. Nevertheless, we identified a haplotype (T‐C‐G) derived from these three SNPs significantly underrepresented in heroin‐dependent individuals compared with the control group (72.7% versus 75.9%, P < 0.032), while two other rare haplotypes (C‐A‐G and T‐C‐A) significantly overrepresented in heroin‐dependent individuals compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Further study, however, did not detect significant differences of the plasma concentration of neuron‐specific enolase between these two groups. Our data suggest that the ENO2 gene might be associated with heroin dependence, and reduced ENO2 gene expression may confer increased risk to heroin dependence.
Heroin dependence is a complex mental disorder resulting from interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Identifying the susceptibility genes of heroin dependence is the basis for understanding the pathogenesis of heroin dependence. Using a total gene expression microarray, we detected 924 differentially expressed gene transcripts in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) between 19 male heroin‐dependent individuals and 20 male control subjects, including 279 upregulated and 645 downregulated gene transcripts in heroin‐dependent individuals.
Chronic treatment of antipsychotic drugs can modulate gene expression in the brain, which may underscore their clinical efficacy. Aripiprazole is the first approved antipsychotic drug of the class of ...dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist, which has been shown to have similar efficacy and favourable side-effects profile compared to other antipsychotic drugs. This study aimed to identify differential gene expression induced by chronic treatment of aripiprazole. We used microarray-based gene expression profiling technology, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis to identify differentially expressed genes in the frontal cortex of rats under 4 wk treatment of aripiprazole (10 mg/kg). We were able to detect ten up-regulated genes, including early growth response gene 1, 2, 4 (Egr1, Egr2, Egr4), chromobox homolog 7 (Cbx7), cannabinoid receptor (Cnr1), catechol-O-methyltransferase (Comt), protein phosphatase 2c, magnesium dependent (Ppm2c), tachykinin receptor 3 (Tacr3), Wiscott–Aldrich syndrome-like gene (Wasl) and DNA methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a). Our data indicate that chronic administration of aripiprazole can induce differential expression of genes involved in transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodelling and genes implicated in the pathogenesis of psychosis.
Since the advent of Bitcoin in 2008, blockchain has gradually become a research hotspot in academia. As the key technology of blockchain, consensus algorithm has received more and more attention from ...researchers. Due to the complex and changeable operating environment of blockchain, It is easy to introduce Byzantine nodes into the system, so the Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithm of the blockchain is a difficulty that must be overcome. This paper systematically summarizes the research progress of the Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithm of the blockchain, in order to provide a reference for the innovation of the consensus algorithm in the future. First of all , sorted out the four major factions of the existing blockchain Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithms, and introduced the BFT consensus algorithm; secondly, reviewed several important critical values in the classic BFT consensus algorithm PBFT and their correctness proofs; thirdly, proposed The BFT consensus algorithm has four
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