To provide a review of prediction models that have been used to measure clinical or pathological progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Scoping review. Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and Scopus from ...the year 2011 to 17.sup.th February 2022. From 516 studies, 33 were included for full-text review. A qualitative analysis of the articles was compared following the extracted information. The study populations across the studies were heterogenous and data acquired by the studies were sourced from different levels and locations of healthcare systems. 31 studies implemented supervised models, and 2 studies included unsupervised models. Regardless of the model used, the predicted outcome included measurement of risk of progression towards end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) of related definitions, over given time intervals. However, there is a lack of reporting consistency on details of the development of their prediction models.
Transportation noise is increasingly acknowledged as a cardiovascular risk factor, but the evidence base for an association with stroke is sparse.
We aimed to investigate the association between ...transportation noise and stroke incidence in a large Scandinavian population.
We harmonized and pooled data from nine Scandinavian cohorts (seven Swedish, two Danish), totaling 135,951 participants. We identified residential address history and estimated road, railway, and aircraft noise for all addresses. Information on stroke incidence was acquired through linkage to national patient and mortality registries. We analyzed data using Cox proportional hazards models, including socioeconomic and lifestyle confounders, and air pollution.
During follow-up (
), 11,056 stroke cases were identified. Road traffic noise (
) was associated with risk of stroke, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.06 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.08 per 10-dB higher 5-y mean time-weighted exposure in analyses adjusted for individual- and area-level socioeconomic covariates. The association was approximately linear and persisted after adjustment for air pollution particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter of
(
) and
. Stroke was associated with moderate levels of 5-y aircraft noise exposure (40-50 vs.
) (
; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.27), but not with higher exposure (
,
; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.11). Railway noise was not associated with stroke.
In this pooled study, road traffic noise was associated with a higher risk of stroke. This finding supports road traffic noise as an important cardiovascular risk factor that should be included when estimating the burden of disease due to traffic noise. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8949.
Initial performance of the COSINE-100 experiment Adhikari, G.; Adhikari, P.; de Souza, E. Barbosa ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
02/2018, Letnik:
78, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
COSINE is a dark matter search experiment based on an array of low background NaI(Tl) crystals located at the Yangyang underground laboratory. The assembly of COSINE-100 was completed in the summer ...of 2016 and the detector is currently collecting physics quality data aimed at reproducing the DAMA/LIBRA experiment that reported an annual modulation signal. Stable operation has been achieved and will continue for at least 2 years. Here, we describe the design of COSINE-100, including the shielding arrangement, the configuration of the NaI(Tl) crystal detection elements, the veto systems, and the associated operational systems, and we show the current performance of the experiment.
Previous experiments have demonstrated that the aqueous OH radical oxidation of methylglyoxal produces low volatility products including pyruvate, oxalate and oligomers. These products are found ...predominantly in the particle phase in the atmosphere, suggesting that methylglyoxal is a precursor of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Acetic acid plays a central role in the aqueous oxidation of methylglyoxal and it is a ubiquitous product of gas phase photochemistry, making it a potential "aqueous" SOA precursor in its own right. However, the fate of acetic acid upon aqueous-phase oxidation is not well understood. In this research, acetic acid (20 μM–10 mM) was oxidized by OH radicals, and pyruvic acid and methylglyoxal experimental samples were analyzed using new analytical methods, in order to better understand the formation of SOA from acetic acid and methylglyoxal. Glyoxylic, glycolic, and oxalic acids formed from acetic acid and OH radicals. In contrast to the aqueous OH radical oxidation of methylglyoxal, the aqueous OH radical oxidation of acetic acid did not produce succinic acid and oligomers. This suggests that the methylgloxal-derived oligomers do not form through the acid catalyzed esterification pathway proposed previously. Using results from these experiments, radical mechanisms responsible for oligomer formation from methylglyoxal oxidation in clouds and wet aerosols are proposed. The importance of acetic acid/acetate as an SOA precursor is also discussed. We hypothesize that this and similar chemistry is central to the daytime formation of oligomers in wet aerosols.
The projected background for the CUORE experiment Alduino, C.; Avignone, F. T.; Azzolini, O. ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
08/2017, Letnik:
77, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay of
130
Te with an array of 988 TeO
2
bolometers operating at temperatures ...around 10 mK. The experiment is currently being commissioned in Hall A of Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. The goal of CUORE is to reach a 90% C.L. exclusion sensitivity on the
130
Te decay half-life of 9
×
10
25
years after 5 years of data taking. The main issue to be addressed to accomplish this aim is the rate of background events in the region of interest, which must not be higher than 10
-
2
counts/keV/kg/year. We developed a detailed Monte Carlo simulation, based on results from a campaign of material screening, radioassays, and bolometric measurements, to evaluate the expected background. This was used over the years to guide the construction strategies of the experiment and we use it here to project a background model for CUORE. In this paper we report the results of our study and our expectations for the background rate in the energy region where the peak signature of neutrinoless double beta decay of
130
Te is expected.
Using high-resolution data from the New Solar Telescope, we studied fine spatial and temporal details of an M1.3 white-light (WL) flare, which was one of three homologous solar flares (C6.8, M1.3, ...and M2.3) observed in close proximity to the west solar limb on 2014 October 29 in NOAA active region 12192. We report that the TiO WL flare consists of compact and intense cores surrounded by less intense spatial halos. The strong and compact WL cores were measured to be Mm across, with an area of about 1014 cm2. Several TiO features were not cospatial with H flare ribbons and were displaced toward the disk center by about 500 km, which suggests that the TiO and H radiation probably did not originate in the same chromospheric volume. The observed TiO intensity enhancements are not normally distributed and are structured by the magnetic field of the penumbra.
The XENON100 dark matter experiment Aprile, E.; Arisaka, K.; Arneodo, F. ...
Astroparticle physics,
April 2012, 2012-4-00, 20120401, Letnik:
35, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
► XENON100 is currently one of the most sensitive experiments to detect WIMP dark matter. ► Detector design and active/passive shielding reduce the radioactive background level. ► The event vertex of ...an interaction is reconstructed with a few mm precision. ► All position dependent signal corrections are presented in the paper. ► An energy scale exploiting the light-charge anti-correlation leads to an energy resolution competitive with NaI(Tl) crystals.
The XENON100 dark matter experiment uses liquid xenon (LXe) in a time projection chamber (TPC) to search for xenon nuclear recoils resulting from the scattering of dark matter Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). In this paper we present a detailed description of the detector design and present performance results, as established during the commissioning phase and during the first science runs.
The active target of XENON100 contains 62kg of LXe, surrounded by an LXe veto of 99kg, both instrumented with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) operating inside the liquid or in xenon gas. The LXe target and veto are contained in a low-radioactivity stainless steel vessel, embedded in a passive radiation shield and is installed underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Italy. The experiment has recently published results from a 100 live-days dark matter search. The ultimate design goal of XENON100 is to achieve a spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering cross section sensitivity of σ=2×10−45cm2 for a 100GeV/c2 WIMP.
Iodide (I–) is an essential micronutrient for thyroid function. Hence, rapid and portable sensing is important for I– quantification in food and biological samples. Herein, we report the first ...example of a halogen bonding (XB) tripodal ionophore (XB1) which is selective for the I– anion. NMR binding studies of XB1 and its H-triazole analog HB2 with I– demonstrated the dominant influence of XB interactions between the ionophore and the I– analyte. The phase boundary model was applied to formulate iodide-selective electrodes with the ionophore XB1. The optimal electrode exhibited a near-Nernstian response of −51.9 mV per decade within a large dynamic range (10–1 to 10–6 M) and notably anti-Hofmeister selectivity for I– over thiocyanate (SCN–), enabling the in situ determination of I– in complex samples. This work establishes XB as a viable supramolecular interaction in the potentiometric sensing of anions.
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