A study was conducted with the objective to determine the influence of (shallow water depth with wetting and drying) SWD on leaf photosynthesis of rice plants under field conditions. Experiments ...using SWD and traditional irrigations (TRI) were carried out at three transplanting densities, namely D1 (7.5
plants/m
2), D2 (13.5
plants/m
2) and D3 (19.5
plants/m
2) with or without the addition of organic manure (0 and 15
t/ha). A significant increase in leaf net photosynthetic rate by SWD was observed with portable photosynthesis systems in two independent experiments. At both flowering and 20 DAF stages, photosynthetic rate was increased by 14.8% and 33.2% with D2 compared to control. SWD significantly increased specific leaf weight by 17.0% and 11.8% over the control at flowering and 20 DAF stages, respectively. LAI of D2 under SWD was significantly increased by 57.4% at 20 DAF. In addition, SWD with D2 significantly increased the leaf dry weight (DW) at both growing stages. At all the three densities, SWD increased the leaf N content and the increase was 18.9% at D2 density compared with the conventional control. In SWD irrigation, the leaf net photosynthetic rate was positively correlated with the leaf N content (
R
2
=
0.9413), and the stomatal conductance was also positively correlated with leaf N content (
R
2
=
0.7359). SWD enhanced sink size by increasing both panicle number and spikelet number per panicle. The increase in spikelet number per panicle was more pronounced in the 15
t
ha
−1 manure treatment than in the zero-manure treatment. Grain yield was also significantly increased by SWD, with an average increase of 10% across all treatments. SWD with D2 had the highest grain yield under the both cultivars with or without 15
t
ha
−1 manure treatment, which was 14.7% or 13.9% increase for Liangyoupeijiu and 11.3% or 11.2% for Zhongyou 6 over the control, respectively.
•The comprehensive magnetic properties of Co-Fe-C alloy films after thermal annealing was first systematically studied.•The direct evidence of high thermal stability in medium doping films is ...relative to stable structure and carbon distribution.•This manuscript will guide the annealing technical development on the fabrication and capsulation of magnetic devices.
Recently, Co-Fe-C alloy films have attracted much attention because of their excellent comprehensive magnetic properties such as better saturated magnetostriction constant (λs), magnetic softness, ferromagnetic resonance linewidth, and in-plane Gilbert damping, compared to the well-known Co-Fe-B alloy films. It is always acknowledged that thermal annealing can largely improve the properties of alloy films but no systematic study has been published on the Co-Fe-C alloy films so far. Moreover, it is reported that the Co-Fe-C alloy films with medium carbon doping possess high thermal stability, but there still be lack of mechanism explanation. Here, we report on the structure evolution, compositional uniformity, soft magnetism, microwave properties, and magnetostriction constant versus thermal annealing temperature (Tan) in the Co-Fe-C alloy films with three typical carbon contents. It can be concluded that thermal annealing will increase the grain sizes and drive the carbon elements moving towards the interface. The low and medium doping films maintain the crystallization and coexistence phase during thermal annealing respectively, which is different from the phase transition happening in the high doping films. The macroscopic magnetic anisotropy Mr/Ms, intrinsic magnetic anisotropy Ku, inhomogeneous line width broadening at 0 Hz ΔH0, and λs are all related to the strain releasing and assembling during thermal annealing. It indicates that the high thermal stability of the medium doping Co-Fe-C alloy films originate from the stable structure phase and elements distribution during thermal annealing. This work is helpful for fundamental understanding the impact of thermal annealing on the magnetic properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline alloy film, and it will guide the annealing technical development on the magnetic devices’ fabrication and capsulation.
Silicon‐based anodes have been considered as ideal candidates for next‐generation Li‐ion batteries. However, the rapid cyclability decay due to significant volume expansion limits its ...commercialization. Besides, the instable interface further aggravates the degradation. Carbon coating is one effective way to improve the electrochemical performance.The coating integrity may be a critical index for core–shell structure electrode materials. Herein, the coating integrity of SiOx@C composite is tested by a developed selective alkali dissolution, further quantitatively depicted by a proposed index of alkali solubility α. The effect of coating integrity on electrochemical performance reveals that SiOx dissolution loss has a significant impact on the overall electrode structure stability and interface property. Because of the side reaction between uncoated active SiOx and electrolyte, the quadratic decrease of initial coulombic efficiency and increase of solid electrolyte interphase thickness with the rise of alkali solubility are closely related to the generated F content induced by active material loss, further supported by the obvious linear rise of Li2SiF6 fraction, leads to the linear increase of interface impedance and volume expansion rate, which may take primarily responsibility for the performance decay. This work propels the fundamental understanding on the interface failure mechnism and inspires rational high‐performance electrode material design.
Coating integrity is a critical index for core–shell structural electrode materials. Herein, the coating integrity of core–shell structural SiOx@C composite anodes is quantified by the proposed alkali solubility α. The active material loss impeded by better coating integrity may be the core of surface coating to limit the failure induced by the interface side reaction for improving silicon‐based anode performance.
In their Minireview on page 6484 ff., Y. S. Zhao, D. Yan and co‐workers look at recent advances in photonic and electronic applications of metal–organic frameworks. Design principles are examined ...first, and then specific uses are detailed. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives are summarized.
Organic solid-state lasers are essential for various photonic applications, yet current-driven lasing remains a great challenge. Charge transfer (CT) complexes formed with p-/n-type organic ...semiconductors show great potential in electrically pumped lasers, but it is still difficult to achieve population inversion owing to substantial nonradiative loss from delocalized CT states. Here, we demonstrate the lasing action of CT complexes based on exciton funneling in p-type organic microcrystals with n-type doping. The CT complexes with narrow bandgap were locally formed and surrounded by the hosts with high-lying energy levels, which behave as artificial light-harvesting systems. Excitation light energy captured by the hosts was delivered to the CT complexes, functioning as exciton funnels to benefit lasing actions. The lasing wavelength of such composite microcrystals was further modulated by varying the degree of CT. The results offer a comprehensive understanding of exciton funneling in light-harvesting systems for the development of high-performance organic lasing devices.
Manipulating photons in artificially structured materials is highly desired in modern photonic technology. Nontrivial topological structures are rapidly emerging as a state‐of‐art platform for ...achieving unprecedented fascinating phenomena of photon manipulation. However, the current studies mainly focus on planar structures, and the fabrication of photonic microstructures with specific topological geometric features still remains a great challenge. Extending the topological photonics to 3D microarchitectures is expected to enrich the photon manipulation capabilities and further advance the topological photonic devices. Here, a femtosecond laser direct writing technique is employed to fabricate 3D topological Möbius microring resonators from dye‐doped polymer. The high‐quality‐factor Möbius microring resonator supports a unique spin‐orbit coupled lasing at very low threshold. Due to the spin‐orbit coupling induced geometric/Berry phase, the Möbius microrings, in striking contrast with ordinary microrings, output laser signals with all polarization states. The manipulation of miniaturized coherent light sources in the fabricated Möbius microrings represents a significant step forward toward 3D topological photonics that offers a novel design philosophy for functional photonic and optoelectronic devices.
Topology engineering is demonstrated on 3D‐printed dye‐doped polymeric Möbius microrings lasers originating from their topological microstructures. Polarization conversion of resonant light is observed in the as‐printed Möbius microrings due to the spin‐orbit coupled Berry phase induced by the topological twist, which offers a novel platform for the manipulation of light signals to realize desired functionalities.
The monolithic incorporation of electrical and optical components is critically important for achieving high-speed on-chip signal processing, but yet hard to satisfy the explosive growth in the ...demands on bandwidth and information density. Three-dimensional (3D) circuits, which are desirable for their improved performance in data handling, are ideal candidates to simultaneously promise high-capacity computing with improved speed and energy efficiency. In such highly integrated circuits, however, the selective electrical modulation of light signals is still difficult to achieve owing to the lack of controllable integration of microscale optical functional devices and modulation units. In this work, we demonstrate an electrically modulated microlaser module on a 3D-integrated microsystem composed of a dye-doped polymeric microcavity and an underneath microscale electrical heating circuit. The lasing mode was modulated based on electrical heating-assisted thermo-optic response of the polymeric matrices, which were further fabricated into coupled microdisks, yielding wavelength-tunable single-mode microlasers with selective electrical modulation. On this basis, a prototype of electrically controlled microlaser module with reduced signal crosstalk was achieved. The results will provide a useful enlightenment for the rational design of novel tunable optical devices with more complicated functionalities under far-field regulation, paving the way for the on-chip optoelectronic integration.
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