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In the view of environmental protection and sustainable development, the application of green effective inhibitors for metal corrosion in industry field is of great significance. In ...this work, two thiourea functionalized glucosamine derivatives, 5-hydroxy-1-phenyl-4-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)imidazolidine-2-thione (GA-1) and 1-phenyl-3-(2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)thiourea (GA-2), were synthesized as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl solution, and their inhibition performance were evaluated by electrochemical tests and surface analyses. The electrochemical tests and surface analyses indicate that both GA-1 and GA-2 have high inhibition performance. Especially for GA-2, the inhibition efficiency reaches 97.7% with a concentration of 0.64 mM. Theoretical calculations were also conducted to elucidate the adsorption mechanism of GA-1 and GA-2 on MS surface.
Summary
Psoriasis is an immune‐mediated inflammatory skin disease that mainly affects the skin barrier. Treatment for psoriasis mainly includes conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, ...long‐term treatment with global immunosuppressive agents may cause a variety of side effects, including nephrotoxicity and infections. Kaempferol, a natural flavonol present in various plants, is known to possess potent anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant and anti‐cancerous properties. However, it is unknown whether kaempferol is also anti‐psoriatic. Here we established an imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriatic mouse model to explore the potential therapeutic effects of kaempferol on psoriatic skin lesions and inflammation. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment with kaempferol protected mice from developing psoriasis‐like skin lesions induced by topical administration of IMQ. Kaempferol reduced CD3+ T cell infiltration and gene expression of major proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐17A and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, in the psoriatic skin lesion. It also down‐regulated proinflammatory nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling in the skin. The therapeutic effects were associated with a significant increase in CD4+forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)+ regulatory T cell (Treg) frequency in the spleen and lymph nodes as well as FoxP3‐positive staining in the skin lesion. Conversely, depletion of CD4+CD25+ Tregs reversed the therapeutic effects of kaempferol on the skin lesion. Kaempferol also lowered the percentage of IL‐17A+CD4+ T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes of IMQ‐induced psoriatic mice. Finally, kaempferol suppressed the proliferation of T cells in vitro and their mTOR signaling. Thus, our findings suggest that kaempferol may be a therapeutic drug for treating human psoriasis in the near future.
Kaempferol, a natural flavonol, is known to possess potent anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant properties. Here, we found that kaempferol protected mice from developing psoriasis‐like skin inflammation and lesion induced by imiquimod. It also induced CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells while inhibiting Th17 cell development in the psoriatic mice.
Polyamorphism in a metallic glass Sheng, H. W; Ma, E; Liu, H. Z ...
Nature materials,
03/2007, Letnik:
6, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A metal, or an alloy, can often exist in more than one crystal structure. The face-centred-cubic and body-centred-cubic forms of iron (or steel) are a familiar example of such polymorphism. When ...metallic materials are made in the amorphous form, is a parallel 'polyamorphism' possible? So far, polyamorphic phase transitions in the glassy state have been observed only in glasses involving directional and open (such as tetrahedral) coordination environments. Here, we report an in situX-ray diffraction observation of a pressure-induced transition between two distinct amorphous polymorphs in a Ce55Al45 metallic glass. The large density difference observed between the two polyamorphs is attributed to their different electronic and atomic structures, in particular the bond shortening revealed by ab initio modelling of the effects of f-electron delocalization. This discovery offers a new perspective of the amorphous state of metals, and has implications for understanding the structure, evolution and properties of metallic glasses and related liquids. Our work also opens a new avenue towards technologically useful amorphous alloys that are compositionally identical but with different thermodynamic, functional and rheological properties due to different bonding and structural characteristics.
Aims: The effects of different freeze‐drying protective agents on the viabilities of biocontrol strains Bacillus cereus AR156, Burkholderia vietnamiensis B418 and Pantoea agglomerans 2Re40 were ...investigated. Method and Results: Several concentrations of protective and rehydration media were tested to improve the survival of biocontrol agents after freeze‐drying. The subsequent survival rates during storage and rehydration media of freeze‐dried biocontrol strains were also examined. Conclusions: The results indicated that cellobiose (5%) and d‐galactose (5%) gave maximum viability of strains Bu. vietnamiensis B418 and P. agglomerans 2Re40 (98 and 54·3% respectively) while the perfect one (100%) of strain B. cereus AR156 was obtained with sucrose (5%) during freeze‐drying, and the highest survival of the three strains was reached when they were rehydrated with 10% nonfat skim milk. In the following storage, the survival rates showed that B. cereus AR156 could still reach 50% after 12 months. Significance and Impact of the study: This study showed that freeze‐drying could be used to stabilize cells of these three biocontrol strains. Further studies should focus on the scale‐up possibilities and formulation development.
•We modeled the anisotropic properties of seepage-stress in rock mass.•We investigated the stress-seepage coupling effect on the anisotropy of rock mass.•The stress, damage and seepage properties are ...obviously influenced by joint angle.
Anisotropic properties of the fractured rock masses are investigated considering the coupled effect of the seepage and stress. The equivalent permeability and damage tensor of the fractured rock mass are initially examined using a series of Discrete-Fracture-Network (DFN) models with varied size and orientations from the geological investigation data of the sandstone roadway on the floor of 12# coal seam in Fangezhuang Coal Mine. A seepage–stress cross-coupling anisotropic model considering the coupled effect of the seepage and stress is described and applied to analyze the influence of the principal orientations of the joint sets on the anisotropic properties of the rock mass. It appears that the anisotropic properties of the rock mass have a great influence on the stress distribution, hydraulic conductivity coefficient and damage zone. The model may contribute to a more reasonable explanation on the dominant effect of the joint sets on deformation and failure of rock mass.
Oxidation behavior of ZrB2–SiC ceramics containing 0, 10 and 20vol% ZrC was studied at 1600°C in stagnant air. The structures of oxide scales depended on ZrC content. The thickness of the SiO2-rich ...glass layer on the outermost surface decreased steeply with the addition of ZrC. One “ZrC-corroded layer”, containing ZrCxOy, SiC and ZrB2, was observed in ZrB2–SiC–ZrC. The oxidation kinetics was converted from parabolic to linear for the ceramics with 20vol% ZrC.
In this study, the authors sequenced and characterized the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of two hard ticks of the genus Ixodes, I. nipponensis and Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) sp., which were 14 505 ...and 14 543 bp in length, respectively. Their mt genomes encoded 37 genes, including 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes and two ribosomal RNA genes, and have only one non‐coding region. The gene order in their mt genomes was the same as that of other Ixodes spp. mt genomes. The average sequence identity, combined nucleotide diversity, non‐synonymous/synonymous substitutions ratio analyses consistently demonstrated that cox1, rrnS, cox2, cox3 and cytb were the most conserved and atp8, nad6 and nad2 were the most variable genes across Ixodes mitogenomes. Phylogeny of the present Ixodes spp., and other selected hard tick species, based on concatenated amino acid sequences of PCGs, confirmed their position within the genus Ixodes and sub‐family Ixodinae. The novel mt markers described herein will be useful for further studies of the population genetics, molecular epidemiology and systematics of hard ticks.
This study sequenced and characterized the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of two hard ticks of the genus Ixodes, I. nipponensis and Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) sp..
Two Ixodes ticks mt genomes encoded 37 genes.
This study provided molecular data for Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) sp., which is a taxonomically controversial species.
Summary
The effect of intra‐operative mechanical ventilation modes on pulmonary outcomes after thoracic surgery with one‐lung ventilation has not been well established. We evaluated the impact of ...three common ventilation modes on postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing lung resection surgery. In this two‐centre randomised controlled trial, 1224 adults scheduled for lung resection surgery with one‐lung ventilation were randomised to one of three groups: volume‐controlled ventilation; pressure‐controlled ventilation; and pressure‐control with volume guaranteed ventilation. Enhanced recovery after surgery pathways and lung‐protective ventilation protocols were implemented in all groups. The primary outcome was a composite of postoperative pulmonary complications within the first seven postoperative days. The outcome occurred in 270 (22%), with 87 (21%) in the volume control group, 89 (22%) in the pressure control group and 94 (23%) in the pressure‐control with volume guaranteed group (p = 0.831). The secondary outcomes also did not differ across study groups. In patients undergoing lung resection surgery with one‐lung ventilation, the choice of ventilation mode did not influence the risk of developing postoperative pulmonary complications. This is the first randomised controlled trial examining the effect of three ventilation modes on pulmonary outcomes in patients undergoing lung resection surgery.
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