The Large Hadron–Electron Collider at the HL-LHC Aksakal, H; Alekhin, S; Allport, P P ...
Journal of physics. G, Nuclear and particle physics,
11/2021, Letnik:
48, Številka:
11
Journal Article
This paper describes the applications of a finite particle method (FPM) to modeling incompressible flow problems. FPM is a meshfree particle method in which the approximation of a field variable and ...its derivatives can be simultaneously obtained through solving a pointwise matrix equation. A set of basis functions is employed to obtain the coefficient matrix through a sequence of transformations. The finite particle method can be used to discretize the Navier–Stokes equation that governs fluid flows. The incompressible flows are modeled as slightly compressible via specially selected equations of state. Four numerical examples including the classic Poiseuille flow, Couette flow, shear driven cavity and a dam collapsing problem are presented with comparisons to other sources. The numerical examples demonstrate that FPM is a very attractive alternative for simulating incompressible flows, especially those with free surfaces, moving interfaces or deformable boundaries.
Proteomic analysis of complex protein mixtures using proteolytic digestion and liquid chromatography in combination with tandem mass spectrometry is a standard approach in biological studies. ...Data-dependent acquisition is used to automatically acquire tandem mass spectra of peptides eluting into the mass spectrometer. In more complicated mixtures, for example, whole cell lysates, data-dependent acquisition incompletely samples among the peptide ions present rather than acquiring tandem mass spectra for all ions available. We analyzed the sampling process and developed a statistical model to accurately predict the level of sampling expected for mixtures of a specific complexity. The model also predicts how many analyses are required for saturated sampling of a complex protein mixture. For a yeast-soluble cell lysate 10 analyses are required to reach a 95% saturation level on protein identifications based on our model. The statistical model also suggests a relationship between the level of sampling observed for a protein and the relative abundance of the protein in the mixture. We demonstrate a linear dynamic range over 2 orders of magnitude by using the number of spectra (spectral sampling) acquired for each protein.
Many landslides can often be characterized as a sort of landslides which move rapidly like flowing fluid and thus have a long run-out. They usually cause large damage and casualties especially when ...they are trigged by an earthquake or heavy rain. Numerical simulations of flow-like landslides are difficult due to the existence of free surface and large flow deformations. In this work, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is applied to model two- and three-dimensional flow-like landslides for the run-out analysis. This is because SPH method is a meshfree, Lagrangian particle method, and is believed to be superior to conventional numerical methods in treating free surfaces, moving interfaces, and large deformations; hence, it is ideal in describing the complex fluidization characteristics in flow-like landslides. In this paper, a Bingham flow model and Navier–Stokes equations are incorporated into the SPH frame work, in which fluids are discretized by flow particles, and 3D terrain topography from GIS is represented by surface (or solid wall) particles. An improved SPH method is first applied to simulate the whole run-out processes of three flow-like landslides, which were triggered by Wenchuan earthquake that occurred in China in 2008. The effectiveness of the improved SPH method in modeling flow-like landslides is demonstrated by the good agreement of the 3D profile simulation results obtained from the present SPH simulation with field observation and results from other open sources. The SPH method is then used to predict the run-out area of Jinpingzi landslide.
Body mass index (BMI) has been associated with the risk of oesophageal cancer. But the influence of BMI on postoperative complication and prognosis has always been controversial.
In total, 2031 ...consecutive patients who underwent oesophagectomy between 1998 and 2008 were classified according to Asian-specific BMI (kg m(-2)) cutoff values. The impact of BMI on overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models. We performed a meta-analysis to examine the association of BMI with OS and postoperative complication.
Patients with higher BMI had more postoperative complication (P=0.002), such as anastomotic leakage (P=0.016) and cardiovascular diseases (P<0.001), but less incidence of chylous leakage (P=0.010). Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI (P=0.005) was a confounding factor associated with postoperative complication. Multivariate analysis showed that overweight and obese patients had a more favourable survival than normal weight patients (HR (hazard ratio) = 0.80, 95% CI (confidence interval): 0.70-0.92, P=0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the association with higher BMI and increased OS was observed in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (P<0.001), oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) (P=0.034), never-smoking (P=0.035), ever-smoking (P=0.035), never alcohol consumption (P=0.005), weight loss (P=0.003) and advanced pathological stage (P<0.001). The meta-analysis further corroborated that higher BMI was associated with increased complication of anastomotic leakage (RR (risk ratio)=1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.06, P=0.001), wound infection (RR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.05, P=0.031) and cardiovascular diseases (RR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.05, P=0.039), but decreased incidence of chylous leakage (RR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.96-0.99, P<0.001). In addition, high BMI could significantly improved OS (HR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.71-0.85, P<0.001).
Preoperative BMI was an independent prognostic factor for survival, and strongly associated with postoperative complications in oesophageal cancer.
A facile method to prepare carbon nanotube/carbon fiber hybrid fiber was explored by combining electrophoretic deposition process with sizing process. The electrophoretic deposition was conducted in ...acid-treated carbon nanotube/N, N-dimethylformamide suspension with an annular electrode which made the electrophoretic deposition effective. Sizing process was performed using a thermoplastic sizing agent after the electrophoretic deposition. Carbon nanotubes were deposited on the carbon–fiber surface and were tightly attached to it. The wetting performance of hybrid fiber was significantly enhanced by polymer matrix. Meanwhile, the introduction of carbon nanotubes in the carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites results in a 35.6% enhancement in the interfacial shear strength. Such a fabrication process is easy, effective and can be a continuous one for industrial scale.
Establishing the appropriate theoretical framework for unconventional superconductivity in the iron-based materials requires correct understanding of both the electron correlation strength and the ...role of Fermi surfaces. This fundamental issue becomes especially relevant with the discovery of the iron chalcogenide superconductors. Here, we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to measure three representative iron chalcogenides, FeTe0.56Se0.44, monolayer FeSe grown on SrTiO3 and K0.76Fe1.72Se2. We show that these superconductors are all strongly correlated, with an orbital-selective strong renormalization in the dxy bands despite having drastically different Fermi surface topologies. Furthermore, raising temperature brings all three compounds from a metallic state to a phase where the dxy orbital loses all spectral weight while other orbitals remain itinerant. These observations establish that iron chalcogenides display universal orbital-selective strong correlations that are insensitive to the Fermi surface topology, and are close to an orbital-selective Mott phase, hence placing strong constraints for theoretical understanding of iron-based superconductors.
An optimization method for uncertain structures is suggested based on convex model and a satisfaction degree of interval. In the investigated problem, the uncertainty only exists in constraints. ...Convex model is used to describe the uncertainty in which the intervals of the uncertain parameters are only needed, not necessarily to know the precise probability distributions. A satisfaction degree of interval which represents the possibility that one interval is smaller than another is employed to deal with the uncertain constraints. Based on a predetermined satisfaction degree level, the uncertain constraints are transformed to deterministic ones, and the transformed optimization problem can be solved by traditional optimization methods. For complex structural problems that the optimization model cannot be expressed in an explicit form, the interval analysis method is adopted to calculate the intervals of the constraints efficiently, and whereby eliminate the optimization nesting. Two numerical examples have been presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the suggested method.
An edge-based smoothed finite element method (ES-FEM) for static, free vibration and buckling analyses of Reissner–Mindlin plates using 3-node triangular elements is studied in this paper. The ...calculation of the system stiffness matrix is performed by using the strain smoothing technique over the smoothing domains associated with edges of elements. In order to avoid the transverse shear locking and to improve the accuracy of the present formulation, the ES-FEM is incorporated with the discrete shear gap (DSG) method together with a stabilization technique to give a so-called edge-based smoothed stabilized discrete shear gap method (ES-DSG). The numerical examples demonstrated that the present ES-DSG method is free of shear locking and achieves the high accuracy compared to the exact solutions and others existing elements in the literature.
Aims
Secoisolariciresinol (SECO) is increasingly recognized for potential clinical application because of its preventive effects against breast and colon cancers, atherosclerosis and diabetes, and ...its production through biotransformation has been attempted. However, previously reported bacteria all required stringent anaerobic culture conditions, precluding large‐scale production. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of bacteria that produce SECO under less stringent anaerobic culture conditions.
Methods and Results
Using defatted flaxseed as raw material, we isolated a facultative anaerobic bacterium from human faeces that hydrolysed secoisolariciresinol diglucoside‐3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl glutaric acid (SDG‐HMGA) oligomers in flaxseed to produce SECO. Both conventional assays and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated its close relatedness with Bacteroides uniformis. The transformation efficiency of SDG in defatted flaxseed to SECO was more than 80% by this bacterial strain. We investigated factors that might influence fermentation, such as redox potential and pH, for large‐scale fermentation of defatted flaxseed to produce SECO.
Conclusions
The method to produce SECO through biotransformation of defatted flaxseed with this bacterial strain is highly efficient and economic.
Significance and Impact of the Study
This bacterial strain can transform SDG to SECO under less stringent anaerobic culture conditions, which will greatly facilitate industry‐scale production of SECO.
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