Assume-guarantee reasoning is indeed an effective compositional verification technique that can help mitigate the state explosion problem in model checking. However, the biggest challenge of applying ...assume-guarantee reasoning is how to best decompose a system. This paper presents a novel compositional verification frame based on geodesic distance. The proposed algorithm introduces novel techniques to decompose system components into groups. The algorithm's effectiveness and efficiency are evaluated through a comparative analysis with four state-of-the-art methods commonly used in the field. The results of the comparison consistently demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. This implies that the new algorithm exhibits superior performance in terms of decomposition quality and verification efficiency.
At present, medical education is generally strict in technology, but there are different kinds of problems in humanistic quality education, and the lack of humanistic and professional quality in ...students. Therefore, integrating ideological and political courses into the course of "Medical Image Processing" can help students establish correct values and professional views, improve their humanistic and professional qualities, and provide a strong talent guarantee for the future development of medical career. This paper takes the medical image processing undergraduate course as an example.
The use of modern data application technology in information security management programs within power enterprises is a major trend in industry development. Integrate scattered, messy, and ...non-standard data in electronic communication, extract, clean, and transform business system data, and load it into a data warehouse. ETL mainly relies on cloud computing logic to protect the transfer, storage, confidentiality, and other aspects of data, effectively avoiding the loss, omission, and leakage of information in enterprise data transmission. This study discusses the necessity of ETL based data transmission security protection technology for power enterprises to achieve security, in order to provide theoretical support for subsequent research and practice.
In this paper, the UV curable ZrO2-Al2O3 composite ceramic pastes based on SLA-3D printing technology were synthetized firstly, and the corresponding ceramic green bodies were 3D printed, and finally ...the ZrO2-Al2O3 composite ceramic parts were manufactured by a subsequent debinding and sintering process. Our work focuses on the investigation of the microstructure, hardness and fracture toughness of the printed ZrO2-Al2O3 composite ceramics sintered at different maximum sintering temperature and holding time. In case of the sintering temperature of 1500 °C and holding time of 60 min, the actual density, hardness and fracture toughness of the ceramics can reach 3.75 g/cm3, 14.1 GPa and 4.05 MPa⋅m1/2, respectively. If the sintering temperature is higher than 1500 °C, the abnormal grain growth can occur, resulting in some more reductions in the mechanical properties of ceramics; while when the sintering temperature is lower than 1500 °C, the lower driving force makes the grains not fully developed, resulting in a low density of ceramics and worse mechanical properties. With the increase of holding time, the sintering driving force is promoted, making for the grain growth. However, when holding time is more than 60 min, the actual density of ceramics almost remains unchanged, and the mechanical properties of ceramics are not able to be improved further.
Nanostructured Fe-N-C materials represent a new type of "platinum-like" non-noble-metal catalyst for various electrochemical reactions and organic transformations. However, no consensus has been ...reached on the active sites of the Fe-N-C catalysts because of their heterogeneity in particle size and composition. In this contribution, we have successfully prepared atomically dispersed Fe-N-C catalyst, which exhibited high activity and excellent reusability for the selective oxidation of the C-H bond. A wide scope of substrates, including aromatic, heterocyclic, and aliphatic alkanes, were smoothly oxidized at room temperature, and the selectivity of corresponding products reached as high as 99%. By using sub-ångström-resolution HAADF-STEM in combination with XPS, XAS, ESR, and Mössbauer spectroscopy, we have provided solid evidence that Fe is exclusively dispersed as single atoms via forming FeNx (x = 4-6) and that the relative concentration of each FeNx species is critically dependent on the pyrolysis temperature. Among them, the medium-spin FeIIIN5 affords the highest turnover frequency (6455 h-1), which is at least 1 order of magnitude more active than the high-spin and low-spin FeIIIN6 structures and 3 times more active than the FeIIN4 structure, although its relative concentration in the catalysts is much lower than that of the FeIIIN6 structures.
•A novel modular liquid-cooled BTMS for cylindrical lithium ion cells is designed.•The cell physical parameters as the simulation input are obtained by experiments.•There is a limit to improve the ...cooling effect by increasing coolant flow rate.•Parallel cooling can effectively improve thermal equilibrium behavior.•The flow direction layout III demonstrates the optimum cooling effectiveness.
Effective battery thermal management system (BTMS) is significant for electric vehicle to maintain the properties and life-time of the battery packs. As an effective cooling method, liquid cooling appears in many publications, but the study of cooling performance based on practical modular structure is relatively scarce. This paper has proposed a novel modular liquid-cooled system for batteries and carried out the numerical simulation and experiment to study the effect of coolant flow rate and cooling mode (Serial cooling and parallel cooling) on the thermal behavior of the battery module. The results show that increasing the coolant flow rate can significantly lower the maximum temperature and improve the temperature uniformity of the battery module in a certain flow range; when the flow rate increases to a certain value, increasing the cooling water flow rate has no obvious effect on improving cooling effect. Compared with serial cooling, parallel cooling can evidently promote the temperature uniformity of the battery module. Furthermore, the designed flow direction layout III can control Tmax to 35.74 °C with ΔT as 4.17 °C. The modular structure can be suitable for industrial batch production and group the batteries flexibly to meet the actual demand. The present study can provide a new approach for the modular design of liquid-cooled battery thermal management system.
Sodium-ion capacitors can potentially combine the virtues of high power capability of conventional electrochemical capacitors and high energy density of batteries. However, the lack of ...high-performance electrode materials has been the major challenge of sodium-based energy storage devices. In this work, we report a microwave-assisted synthesis of single-crystal-like anatase TiO2 mesocages anchored on graphene as a sodium storage material. The architecture of the nanocomposite results in pseudocapacitive charge storage behavior with fast kinetics, high reversibility, and negligible degradation to the micro/nanostructure. The nanocomposite delivers a high capacity of 268 mAh g–1 at 0.2 C, which remains 126 mAh g–1 at 10 C for over 18 000 cycles. Coupling with a carbon-based cathode, a full cell of sodium-ion capacitor successfully demonstrates a high energy density of 64.2 Wh kg–1 at 56.3 W kg–1 and 25.8 Wh kg–1 at 1357 W kg–1, as well as an ultralong lifespan of 10 000 cycles with over 90% of capacity retention.
In this work, we theoretically investigate the sequential excited state double proton transfer (ESDPT) mechanism of a representative intramolecular hydroxyl (OH)-type hydrogen molecule ...2,2′-bipyridyl-3,3′-diol (BP(OH)2). We mainly adopt three kinds of different polar solvents (nonpolar cyclohexane (CYH), polar acetonitrile (ACN), and moderate chloroform (CHCl3)) to explore solvent effects on this system. Two intramolecular hydrogen bonds of BP(OH)2 are testified to be strengthened in the S1 state, which provides possibility for ESDPT process. Explorations of charge redistribution and potential energy surfaces (PESs) reveal ESDPT process. Searching transition state (TS) structures in different polar aprotic solvents, we successfully regulate and control the stepwise ESDPT behaviors of BP(OH)2 through solvent polarity.
Although environmental research has recently begun to focus on the ubiquity of microplastics in terrestrial systems, there is still lack of comprehensive data which describe microplastics levels in ...soils and the factors influencing the distribution of this contaminant. Here, we show that microplastics contamination (3877 ± 2356 p kg1) is omnipresent in numerous soil samples collected along the Yangtze River. Subsoils (4005 ± 2472 p kg1) showed higher levels of microplastics than topsoils (3748 ± 2301 p kg1), while polyamide (32%) was the most commonly found polymer in the samples. Small microplastics particles (< 200 µm) accounted for approximately 70% of the microplastics detected in subsoils. In terms of shape, microfragments were the most common type of microplastic particle, accounting for 34% of total microplastics, followed by microfibers (30%). Furthermore, microplastics contamination was found to be positively correlated with both the population of the study area and precipitation, yet negatively correlated with the elevation of the sampling site. Our study represents the first large-scale study of microplastic contamination in riparian soils along the Yangtze River, and provides important data regarding the ecotoxicology and ecosystem effects of microplastics in terrestrial environments.
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•Global terrestrial environments were widely contaminated by microplastics.•Subsoils showed higher microplastics levels than topsoils.•Subsoils contained more small microplastics particles (< 200 µm) than topsoils.•Microplastic contamination was positively related to population density and precipitation.
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